1、Solar powerSolar energy for several billions of years, solar energy is the solar radiation energy to the Earth. Solar energy can be directly or indirectly converted to other forms of energy, such as heat and electricity. The main disadvantage (question, or problem to be overcome) of solar energy are
2、 (1) intermittent mode Get the Earths surface, (2) a large area to gather in a large container.With economic development, social progress, peoples energy to ever-increasing demands, find new sources of energy has become an urgent issue facing humanity. Existing energy major has three kinds, namely,
3、 thermal power, hydropower and nuclear power.Water and electricity to a large number of submerged land, that could lead to ecological destruction and the collapse of large reservoirs once the collapse, the consequences would be disastrous. In addition, a countrys water resources is also limited, but
4、 also by the impact of the season. Nuclear power under normal circumstances is clean, but unlikely event of a nuclear leak, the consequences are terrible same. The former Soviet Union, the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident, has nine million people have been varying degrees of damage, and this i
5、mpact has not been terminated. These are compelling people to go looking for new energy. New energy to simultaneously satisfy two conditions: First, not depletion of rich; II are safe, clean, not a threat to humans and damage the environment. Currently found in the main, two new energy, solar energy
6、 first, and second, the fuel cell. In addition, wind power could also be regarded as supporting the new energy. One of the most ideal form of new energy sources are able to Dayang. Solar power generation are the best new energy Radiation in the Earths solar energy is very strong, about 40 minutes ex
7、posure in the Earths solar energy, would be sufficient for the global human energy consumption for one year. It can be said that solar energy is truly inexhaustible source of energy. And solar power is absolutely clean, no pollution. Solar power generation are therefore known as the ideal source of
8、energy. Obtained from solar power, sun through photovoltaic cells transform to achieve. It with other power generation principle of the past, entirely different, with the following characteristics: no danger of depletion; absolutely clean (free); not subject to geographical distribution of the resou
9、rces constraints; nearest Department in electricity generation; energy, high-quality; users emotionally receptive; access to energy to spend a short time. Inadequacies are: exposure energy distribution density, which was to occupy a huge area; energy obtained with the four seasons, day and night and
10、 the clear one, such as meteorological conditions. Overall, however, as a new energy, solar energy has great advantages, so the importance attached by countries in the world. Solar power applications Although solar power by day and night, barometer, seasonal impact, but can be dispersed manner, so i
11、t is suitable for families to carry out sub-exciton generation, but also to connect to the electricity network, making the family rich in the power may be sold to power companies, can be less than when bought from the power companies. Implementation of this technology is not difficult to resolve, th
12、e key is to have the appropriate legal protection. Now the United States, Japan and other developed countries have enacted appropriate legislation, to ensure the conduct of domestic solar power generation benefits to encourage families to carry out solar power generation. The prospects for solar pow
13、er generationSolar power generation has more exciting plans. First, Japan plans to Genesis. Ready use of the ground area of desert and ocean to generate electricity, and through the superconducting cable will be the worlds solar power stations into a unified power grid to the global supply. It is es
14、timated that by 2000, 2050, 2100, even if the whole solar power with global energy supply, but also as an area of 651,100 square km, 1.8679 million square kilometers, 8.2919 million square kilometers. 8.2919 million square kilometers accounted for only 2.3 percent of all marine area or all of the de
15、sert 51.4%, and even the Sahara desert is 91.5%. Therefore this program are possible. Another generation programs are in heaven. As early as 1980, NASA and the Department of Energy has proposed building a solar power station in space the idea of ready-synchronous orbit in place a long 10 kilometers
16、wide and 5 kilometers of large flat-panel, the top covered with solar cells so as to provide five million kilowatts of electricity. However, this needs to be addressed to the terrestrial wireless transmission problem. Have been proposed by microwave beam, laser beam, such as a variety of programs. M
17、odel plane with the current implementation has a short-range, short-term, low-power microwave wireless power transmission, but there is still a long away from the real utility of the distance. As Chinas technological development, in 2006, China has three companies into the global top ten, indicates
18、that China will become the worlds new energy technology centers in the world, the worlds wide range of photovoltaic applications, has led to the current lack of are raw material supply and prices, we need technology to promote at the same time, we must adopt a new technology in order to substantiall
19、y reduce costs, for this new energy to provide the driving force behind the long-term development! The use of solar energy is divided into several main areas: families with small solar power plants, large-scale grid and power plants, building integrated photovoltaic curtain walls, solar street lamps
20、 street lamps complementary scenery, beautiful complementary power supply system and so on, now the main application for building complementary systems integration and scenery. Principles of solar power generation: Solar cells are one has to respond to light and can convert light energy into electr
21、ic power devices. Photovoltaic effect to produce the material has many types such as: silicon, polysilicon, amorphous silicon, gallium arsenide, copper indium selenium. Their power is basically the same principle, it is crystal as an example to describe the process of light generation. P-type crysta
22、lline silicon doped phosphorus available through N-type silicon, the formation of P-N junction. When the light irradiation surface of solar cells, silicon material was part of photon absorption; photon energy transfer to the silicon atom, so that electron transfer occurred in Vietnam, a free electro
23、n in the P-N junction formed on both sides of agglomeration potential difference, when the external When connected to the circuit, in which the role of voltage, there will be current flow through external circuitry produce a certain output power. The substance of this process are: photon energy into
24、 electrical energy conversion process. The application of solar cells: the 60s of last century, scientists have applied to the space solar cell technology - communication satellite power supply, the end of last century, constantly in the human soul-searching process, the photovoltaic power generatio
25、n such a clean and direct forms of energy have been more cordial, not only in space applications, in many areas is also to show their talents. Such as: solar Garden lights, solar household power system, the independent village power supply systems, photovoltaic pumping (drinking water or irrigation)
26、 communications power supply, the oil pipeline cathodic protection, fiber optic communications power supply pumping stations, desalination systems, cities and towns in road signs , highway road signs and so on. Advanced European countries and America will be incorporated into the city of photovolta
27、ic power systems and remote areas of the natural world into the village power supply system development. Solar cells with a combination of building systems has become the trend of industrialization 太阳能太阳产生能量已有数十亿年，太阳能是太阳辐射到地球的能量。太阳能可以直接或间接地转换为其他形式的能源，如热能和电能。 主要缺点(问题，或者问题有待克服)太阳能是： ( 1 )间歇方式到达地球表面， (
28、 2 )大面积收集在一个大容器中。 随着经济的发展、社会的进步，人们对能源提出越来越高的要求，寻找新能源成为当前人类面临的迫切课题。现有能源主要有3种，即火电、水电和核电。水电要淹没大量土地，有可能导致生态环境破坏，而且大型水库一旦塌崩，后果将不堪设想。另外，一个国家的水力资源也是有限的，而且还要受季节的影响。核电在正常情况下固然是干净的，但万一发生核泄漏，后果同样是可怕的。前苏联切尔诺贝利核电站事故，已使900万人受到了不同程度的损害，而且这一影响并未终止。这些都迫使人们去寻找新能源。新能源要同时符合两个条件：一是蕴藏丰富不会枯竭；二是安全、干净，不会威胁人类和破坏环境。目前找到的新能源主要
29、有两种，一是太阳能，二是燃料电池。另外，风力发电也可算是辅助性的新能源。其中，最理想的新能源是大阳能。太阳能发电是最理想的新能源照射在地球上的太阳能非常巨大，大约40分钟照射在地球上的太阳能，便足以供全球人类一年能量的消费。可以说，太阳能是真正取之不尽、用之不竭的能源。而且太阳能发电绝对干净，不产生公害。所以太阳能发电被誉为是理想的能源。 从太阳能获得电力，需通过大阳电池进行光电变换来实现。它同以往其他电源发电原理完全不同，具有以下特点：无枯竭危险；绝对干净（无公害）；不受资源分布地域的限制；可在用电处就近发电；能源质量高；使用者从感情上容易接受；获取能源花费的时间短。不足之处是：照射的能量分
30、布密度小，即要占用巨大面积；获得的能源同四季、昼夜及阴晴等气象条件有关。但总的说来，瑕不掩瑜，作为新能源，太阳能具有极大优点，因此受到世界各国的重视。太阳能发电的应用太阳能发电虽受昼夜、晴雨、季节的影响，但可以分散地进行，所以它适于各家各户分激进行发电，而且要联接到供电网络上，使得各个家庭在电力富裕时可将其卖给电力公司，不足时又可从电力公司买入。实现这一点的技术不难解决，关键在于要有相应的法律保障。现在美国、日本等发达国家都已制定了相应法律，保证进行太阳能发电的家庭利益，鼓励家庭进行太阳能发电。太阳能发电的前景太阳能发电有更加激动人心的计划。一是日本提出的创世纪计划。准备利用地面上沙漠和海洋面
31、积进行发电，并通过超导电缆将全球太阳能发电站联成统一电网以便向全球供电。据测算，到2000年、2050年、2100年，即使全用太阳能发电供给全球能源，占地也不过为 65.11万平方公里、 186.79万平方公里、829.19万平方公里。829.19万平方公里才占全部海洋面积 2.3或全部沙漠的 51.4，甚至才是撒哈拉沙漠的 91.5 。因此这一方案是有可能实现的。另一是天上发电方案。早在1980年美国宇航局和能源部就提出在空间建设太阳能发电站设想，准备在同步轨道上放一个长10公里、宽5公里的大平板，上面布满太阳电池，这样便可提供500万千瓦电力。但这需要解决向地面无线输电问题。现已提出用微波
32、束、激光束等各种方案。目前虽已用模型飞机实现了短距离、短时间、小功率的微波无线输电，但离真正实用还有漫长的路程。 随着我国技术的发展，在2006年，中国有三家企业进入了全球前十名，标志着中国将成为全球新能源科技的中心之一，世界上太阳能光伏的广泛应用，导致了目前缺乏的是原材料的供应和价格的上涨，我们需要将技术推广的同时，必须采用新的技术，以便大幅度降低成本，为这一新能源的长远发展提供原动力！太阳能的使用主要分为几个方面：家庭用小型太阳能电站、大型并网电站、建筑一体化光伏玻璃幕墙、太阳能路灯、风光互补路灯、风光互补供电系统等，现在主要的应用方式为建筑一体化和风光互补系统。太阳能电池发电原理： 太阳
33、能电池是一对光有响应并能将光能转换成电力的器件。能产生光伏效应的材料有许多种，如：单晶硅，多晶硅，非晶硅，砷化镓，硒铟铜等。它们的发电原理基本相同，现以晶体为例描述光发电过程。P型晶体硅经过掺杂磷可得N型硅，形成PN结。 当光线照射太阳能电池表面时，一部分光子被硅材料吸收；光子的能量传递给了硅原子，使电子发生了越迁，成为自由电子在PN结两侧集聚形成了电位差，当外部接通电路时，在该电压的作用下，将会有电流流过外部电路产生一定的输出功率。这个过程的实质是：光子能量转换成电能的过程。 太阳能电池的应用： 上世纪60年代，科学家们就已经将太阳电池应用于空间技术通信卫星供电，上世纪末，在人类不断自我反省的过程中，对于光伏发电这种如此清洁和直接的能源形式已愈加亲切，不仅在空间应用，在众多领域中也大显身手。如：太阳能庭院灯、太阳能发电户用系统、村寨供电的独立系统、光伏水泵（饮水或灌溉）、通信电源、石油输油管道阴极保护、光缆通信泵站电源、海水淡化系统、城镇中路标、高速公路路标等。欧美等先进国家将光伏发电并入城市用电系统及边远地区自然界村落供电系统纳入发展方向。太阳电池与建筑系统的结合已经形成产业化趋势。
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