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1、初中英语常用词词义及用法辨析it is a pleasure 只是说某事是一件令人高兴的事it is my pleasure 是说为你做某事我很高兴，用于回答thank youabout, on about与on都可以作关于讲，但却有所不同，例如：This book is about physics. 这是一本关于物理学的科普读物。This book is on physics. 这是一本物理学方面的专著。after, in 受中文的影响，这个介词常常被误用。当你要表达在一段时间内某个动作可以完成时，一定要用in，而不能用after，因为after是指在某一时间之后。例如： This work
2、 will be done in two days. 即表明在两天内这一工作一定会做完。而如用了after，即表示在两天之后，完成的时间是不确定的。after, behind after多用于表示顺序的前后，例如：She walked in the line after Tom. 或用来表示追赶，表示一种动态，如：He ran after Mary. 而behind多用于强调先进与落后，如：She is much behind the other girls in sewing. 或者用于表达迟于，如：The train was ten minutes behind the time tabl
3、e. 或者与表示静态的动词连用，如：She hid herself behind the flowers.against, for against意为反对、不赞成；而for则意为同意，为其反意词。如： Are you for or against the plan?already, yet already多用于肯定句中，例如：The students have already finished the work. 而yet则多用于疑问句与否定句中，如：Have you finished it yet? I havent finished it yet.also too also与too都可用在
4、肯定句中表示也，但also通常用于be动词或情态动词之后，如：I can also do it myself. 而too一般放于句尾。例如:Ill attend his class, too.another, other, the other, the others, others 要注意英语中another, other, the other, the others, others的不同用法，现分别说明如下： another作形容词其意为：泛指的另一个或再一个，别的，类似的。一般在句中作定语，如: This is not good enough, please show me another
5、 one. another 还可以作为代词用，如：One student said：I want to play baskball. another said：I want to play football.other作形容词其意为泛指其余的，别的。如：I have other books besides these. Ask some other people please. the other则为特指，作形容词时其后面可接单数或复数名词，如：She has two flowers. One is white, the other one is yellow. (特指，单数)There ar
6、e fifty students in our class, twenty five are boys, the other students are girls. (特指，复数)但当the other作为代词时，它代表的可以是单数，也可以是复数，如：He has a book in one hand, and a pen in the other. (单数)There are some people in the room. Four are girls, the other(复数)are boys. 要注意的是当the other作主语时，其后面的谓语动词要视具体情况而定，它可能是单数，也
7、可能是复数。others则只能作代词，其意为other ones即为：泛指某些，某一部分人或物，如：Each of us must think of others. the others只能作为代词，它是特指某一些人或物，如：I know only one or two of the students; the others are unknown to me.answer, replyanswer与reply是近意词，作为及物动词用时有时二者是可以互换的，如：The student answered/replied that he wanted to watch TV. 但在某些特定场合则不
8、易互换。作为应答之意时则多用answer，如：You should answer to your name. Please answer my letter as soon as possible. Answer my question in English.around, round 作介词用的around与round通常可以互换，只不过美语常用around，而英语常用round，例如：You can see the post office round/around that corner.绕过那个弯你就可以看到邮局。但是一定要区别它们的不同之处：round可以用作形容词、副词、介词、动词、
9、名词；而around只能用作副词或介词。例如：The post office is just round (around) the house (用作介词). He has round face (用作形容词). The river rounded the stones. (用作动词)arrive, reach, get arrive是不及物动词。如： He arrived in London at 7 yesterday morning.reach则是及物动词。如：How did you reach the school this morning? get可用作不及物动词，作到达讲时其后面多
10、与to连用。如：When did you get to New York?at, in, on 在表示时间时用来表示具体钟点用at，如：He will be back at six. 表示一天的上、 下午时要用in,如：I usually get up at six in the morning. 但要注意的是，in the morning和in the afternoon这两个词组中如果加入了任何修饰词，其介词要换为on，如：on the cold morning, on the hot afternoon.又如：See you on Monday morning. 如讲到具体的某一天，要用
11、on, 如：on Sunday, 如：I usually want to visit my mother on Sundays. 在谈到周、月、季、年时要用in，如：All the children will be happy in Easter week. He was born in July. 但要注意在泛指圣诞节、复活节、感恩节时都用at, 如：Where are you going at Easter.beat, winwin是胜过之意,它是及物动词，但其后的宾语只能接比赛、战争、奖品、奖金的名称，如：Which team won the football match? beat指打
12、败对手、敌人如：My brother beat me at poker.(要注意的是，beat的过去式与原形相同，而过去分词为beaten)。because, because of because后要接从句，例如：We like physics because we can learn a lot of new ideas. because of后要接名词作介词宾语，如：He is not at school because of the illness.before, ago用ago组成的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词要用过去时，而before引起的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词多用完成时，如：I
13、has done this work a few days before.before long, long before before long是不久之意，例如：I shall go to America before long. long before则是很久很久之意，如：We knew this teacher long before we saw him.我们在看到这位老师之前很久就知道他begin, start begin与start两词后面加不定式或动名词都可以，且意思并无区别，但在表达习惯时接动名词的用法较多，如：How old were you when you first s
14、tarted learning English?但这两个词的进行时态中则多用不定式，如：I was beginning to get hungry. 如果句子的主语是物而不是人，则多用不定式，如：The ice began to melt. It started to get dark before we got to school. 当动词是表达某种心理状态时，要用不定式，如：The student began to understand his mistakes.below, underunder意为正下方，而below意为比低，或指在下游。如：There is a fall below
15、the river. 河的下游有一个瀑布。 其反义词为over，如：There is a big plane flying over the city. 但在下面的例子一表达语中则要用the example below, 而不要用under.beside, by, near beside意为在旁，如：There is a tall tree beside the river. by多指倚、靠、沿着之意，如：She is standing by the window. near多用来表示两地间距离不远，如：There is a post office near our school.borrow
16、, lend, keep英语中有三个词都可译为借，但意义各不相同。borrow是指借入，其常用句型结构是borrow something from somebody，如： I want to borrow some books from the library. 这是个瞬间性动词，不可与表示延续的时间状语连用。lend 是借出，即借给别人东西。其常用句型是lend somebody something, 或lend something to somebody.如： I can lend you my bike. Could you lend us your dictionary? Could
17、you lend your dictionary to us? 它也是瞬间性动词，也不能与延续的时间状语连用。keep为借多久，是延续性动词，可以和表示长时间段的时间状语连用，也可与how long等疑问词连用，如： You can keep it for three days. How long can I keep it?bring, take, fetch 英语中bring是带来，而take是带走。还有一个词fetch, 表示到某处去把某物取、接回来。如：Please fetch the doctor at once.call on, drop in, visit call on比较正式
18、的为公务的访问，如：We were called on by the old students. drop in则是比较随便的走走，顺便拜访，drop in on +人 拜访某人 ，drop in at + 地点 拜访某地。如：If youre free, drop in. visit则是更正式的外交访问或友好往来，如： My schools headmaster will visit America next week.can, be able to can与be able to都可以用来表示能力，但can只有现在时与过去时，be able to则可用任何时态，如：He will be ab
19、le to teach the child. 但要表示经过努力而达到的一次性动作则只能用be able to，如： He finally was able to jump over 2.10 meters. The plane was able to fly over the mountain. 但要注意的是这两个词都没有进行时态，而be able to后面不接不定式的被动态。can, could can与could都可以用在现在时的口语中，只是用could更为礼貌，语气更委婉。如：Could you tell us a story? care for, care ofcare for是对某物
20、感兴趣，而care of是关心，要当心某事，如：She didnt care for him. Take care of what you are doing.change for, change with change for为以某物为交换物。而change with则是随而变，如：The woods colour changed with the season.cheap, low工资的高低要用low，cheap是指价格便宜，如果要讲物美价廉则要用not expensive, 如：This car is not expensive.close, shut, turn shut与close是
21、同义词，如close the door或shut the door. 但要讲把某人关在门外时则只能用shut somebody out而不能用close，因shut语气较强，并含有隔离之意。而turn off是指关上电视、电灯、煤气之类，有切断之意。cloth, clothes, dress, shirt, sweater, suit cloth是布、布料，没有复数形式。一块布料是a piece of cloth, clothes统指衣服，是复数名词，一套衣服要讲a suit of clothes， 如果是一件件衣服应讲shirt, dress, sweater等。 而clothing是衣物的
22、总称，是不可数名词。例如：This clothing is needed in warm countries. Her clothes are made of fine cloth. 英语中的dress是指比较正式的服装，如a school dress(校服)，a student dress(学生套装)，a working dress(工作服)。 一般来讲男套装用suit，女服则用dress；作男服的服装店是tailor shop (tailors), 而做女装的服装店是dressmakers. dress作及物动词当穿衣服讲时，其后不能接衣服而只能接人，如：The boy is still
23、too young to dress himself. 但作为一种穿着打扮的状态时，则多用其过去分词作形容词，如：He is not dressed in his new suit.She is dressed in red. 词组dress up是过节日时应服装整齐，如： They dressed up for the holiday. coffee, tea, water 虽然coffee, water, tea等都是物质名词，但是只有coffee可用coffees取代若干杯coffee,而其他的却不行，其前要加a cup of或a glass e in, come into, enter
24、 come in与come into的意义相同，但come into后面要加宾语，而come in后面不用宾语。如I found someone came into my room. The door opened and the child came in. enter常作为及物动词使用，如： The bus entered the English tunnel.in the corner, at the corner in the corner是在建筑物内部的角上，而at the corner是在外部的角上，如： There is a big tree at the corner of t
25、he building.cost, spend. take cost, spend. take都可以作花费讲，但用法不同。cost的用法是something+cost+somebody+时间或金钱，如：The book cost me ten dollars. spend的用法是somebody+spend+时间+(in)doing something或“somebody+spend+金钱+on something，如：I spent two hours (in) writing this book. I spend two dollars on this book. take的用法则要用逻辑
26、主语it:It+takes+somebody+时间+to do something, 如： It took me an hour to clean the classroom.cross, pass cross是指横过某地，如：He crossed the square. pass则强调从某物体旁经过，如： I mailed some letters when I passed the post office.cup, glass glass一般指由玻璃制成的器皿，而cup多指用陶瓷或金属制成的杯子，且cup尤其用在奖杯上。喝酒多用的是玻璃制成的杯子，如 I drink a glass of
27、wine at supper. （而不讲I drink a cup of wine at supper.）date, daydate是指具体日期。如问Whats the date today? 应回答具体日期：October 1st 1998.day是指1日(24小时)。如What day is today? 问的是星期几，应回答Its Sunday.dead, deadly dead在某些词组里是完全、的确的意思，如dead right, dead tired, dead sure。而deadly则是致命的，如：The rich man had many deadly enemies. Ca
28、ncer is a deadly disease. dead, died dead是形容词，如：Mrs Ginty was dead. died是动词die的过去式及过去分词，如：She died in 1960.但英语中如表达出对某人去世的伤感说法是pass away, 如：My father passed away, this morning.dress, have on, put on, wear 要区别这几个动词需分清是表示动作的动词还是表示状态的动词。表示状态的动词是have on和wear，如：He has on a white coat. He was wearing heavy
29、 shoes. put on则表示穿衣的动作，如：Put on your coat, it is cold outside.dress即可以作状态又可以作动作，作动作讲时其后面接人而不能接衣服，作穿着状态时则多用dressed的形式。如：I saw a lady dressed in red. I saw a girl dressing herself.drop, falldrop与fall都可以表示落下、掉下之意，有时可以互换，如：The dictionary fell (dropped) from the table. 但drop还可以作及物动词，而fall一般只能作不及物动词。each,
30、 everyeach与every都作形容词讲时，都有每个之意，但有不同。each多指个体，而every则多指整体。如：We want every student to succeed. each不用来表达总体概念，所以不能与almost, nearly, likely等词连用。each other, one another each other与one another这两个词组的区别在很多语法书中强调each other是两者之间，而one another是多者之间，其实不然，如：All students must care for each other, must love and help
31、 each other. 事实上这两个词组是同义的，如果要讲有什么区别的话，当我们非常笼统地谈，而不特指什么人时，多用one another.in, on, at在讲述地理位置时，有3个介词常用，它们是in, on和to, 其中in表示处于所表达的范围之内，如：Shanghai is in the east of China. on则表示双方接壤，如：North Korea is on the northeast of China. 表示互不相接的两部分时则用to, 如：Taiwan is to the east of Fujian.farther, further far有两个比较级，即fa
32、rther和further，其意思略有不同：farther主要用于表示距离的远近，如：Milan is farther away than Rome. further则是指进一步的，如：Will we need any further discussion on this matter.fast, soon fast指行动本身的速度快，如：The foreigner speaks too fast. soon则多指两个动作之间间隔短，时间到来的迅速，如：She will come soon.in the field, on the fieldin the field是在田野上或是在某一学科领域
33、内，而on the field则多指在战场上。如：He lost his life on the battle field.fill, full fill是动词，但有及物与不及物两种用法，当表示充满之意时是不及物动词，应用fill with，如：The little girls eyes filled with tears. 当表示使装满某物时，是及物动词，如：He filled his pocket with books. be filled with应看作系表结构，如：The boys mother was filled with anger. full是形容词，要用be full of这
34、一词组，如：The boy was full of joy.find, find out find out意为找出、算出、发现，如：I have found out how to do it. find的主要侧重点在找到某物，如：I find my book under the desk.forget to do sth., forget doing sth.要注意forget to do something为忘了去作某事，而forget doing something则应译为对已经作过的事记不起来了。如：He forget returning the book to the library.
35、他忘记已把书还给图书馆这件事了。同样用法的词还有remember和regret.go, comego是指离开说话人所在地，而come指的是朝向说话人的方向：如：Come here! Can I come and help you?但在口语中也有一些例外，如表示要参加到某人或者某件活动时常用come, 如：We are going to have a party tonight. Would you like to come with us?gone, been He has gone to Shanghai. 指此人已去上海不在此地了。He has been to Shanghai. 指此人去
36、过上海现已回来了。gold, goldengold作形容词指金质的，如：a gold ring， a gold coin，golden是金色的，如：golden age(金色的时代)，但金鱼例外，为gold fish。good, well He is good. 他是个好人。He is well.他身体不错。I feel good. 我精神状态良好，I feel well.我身体状况不错。be good for是对有利、有好处，而be good to是指对待某人不错，如：Your friend is very good to me.hear, listen to hear一词为听见了什么，或听
37、到什么，强调其结果；而listen to则强调有意要听，听的倾向。如：I want to listen to you, but I hear nothing.但词组hear about (of)则为听说过之意，如：I heard about this. 我听说过此事。hear from则为收到某人信件之意：I often hear from my girl friend.help do, help to dohelp其句型是help somebody do (to do) something. 意为帮某人作某事，但在较古老的语法中不带to的不定式表示句子的主语参加这个动作，如：He help
38、his mother cook the meal. 他和母亲一起作饭。He help me to do my homework. 他指导我做作业。但在现代英语中这个区别则往往被取消了。所以带to与不带to的不定式在句中意思相同，并无区别。high, tall英语中的两个高high和tall，其中tall指人指物都是可以的，但high则只指物体的高，所以可以讲This building is the highest building in the city.但tall一般不用来指山脉的高低。home, house, family home是指与亲人一起居住的地方，可以讲a letter from
39、 home，所以有人解释home包括住处和家人。而house的侧重点则在建筑物，如Many new houses were built this year.family一词，作为整体讲其谓语动词用单数，如：Her family is a happy one.而作为家庭成员讲时要用复数谓语动词，如：My family are all like swimming.hope, withhope一词不能接宾语再加上宾语补足语，但它可以接不定式作宾语，如：I hope to be a scientist.而wish却可以接宾语加宾语补足语，如：I wish you to be a good studen
40、t.in hospital, in the hospitalin hospital为住院就医。而in (at) the hospital 为在医院(工作)。如：He is a doctor in (at) the hospital.类似的用法还有很多，如：上学为go to school，at school为在校就读，go to bed为上床睡觉。ill, sickill和sick都可以作表语，如： Im ill (sick). 美国英语中常用sick，而英国英语中两者都可用，但ill一般不作定语。interesting, interested修饰物时应用interesting, 如，an in
41、teresting film，而讲某人对某事感兴趣时要用过去分词interested，如： Im interested in this playHe is an interesting man. .他是一个十分有趣的人。所以interesting是令人感兴趣之意，而interested则表示某人对某事物感兴趣，多用be interested in something这一句型。join, attend, take part injoin经常用于参加某个团体、政党，并作为其中的一个成员；attend则重点强调出会议、到场，而不一定进行具体活动，如： Did you attend the meeti
42、ng yesterday?而take part in则强调参与某些具体活动或运动，如： I take part in the football game.just, justly just常用于三种含意： 恰好，如： Its just five oclock. 仅仅，相当于only, 如： I have just enough money to buy a dictionary. 不久前，如： I just missed my old friend; He left a few minutes ago. 而justly其意为公正的，如： He was justly punished for his crimes. keep doing sth., keep on doing sth.keep doing something为连续不断地做某事。有时可以与keep on doing something互换。它们的区别在于keep doing something意为该动作一直不停地在进行中，如： When the train st