时间状语从句的用法.doc

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1、时间状语从句的用法 时间状语从句的引导词所表示的意思不尽相同， 要注意把握不同的时间状语从句的引导词所表示的不同时间关系， 以及它在具体句子中对应的对应时态、 语态等问题。1. when、 as、 while引导的时间状语从句分析：(1) when引导时间状语从句时表示“当的时候”， when既可以指时间段也可指时间点， 从句中既可用延续性动词又可用非延续性动词， 且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生， 注意体会如下例句： Ill call you when I get there. 我一到那里就给你打电话。/ When the wind blows, all the

2、doors rattle. 只要风一吹， 这门就吱嘎作响。/ He stopped trying, when he might have succeeded next time. 他不再试了， 其实他可能下一次就成功。/ When I came home my wife was cooking dinner. 我回家时， 妻子在做晚饭。如果when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同， 而从句的谓语又是be动词时， 那么从句中的主语和be可以省略； 当when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时， 往往还可以用“when分词”的形式替代该状语从句。例如： When (you are) i

3、n trouble, ask her for help. 当你遭遇麻烦的时候去向她求助。/ When I came into the room(=When coming into the room), I found him lying there asleep. 当我进入房间的时候， 我发现他躺在那儿睡着了。(2) while引导时间状语从句时表示“当的时候”， 它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时持续地进行， 用于这一用法时while引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词， 或者主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中， 主句中的谓语动词通常是非延续性动词， 例如： Study wh

4、ile you study; play while you play. 该学习的时候就学习， 该玩的时候就玩。/ I met her while I was at school. 当我在学校的时候我遇见了她。 (3) as引导时间状语从句时表示“当时， 一边一边”， 侧重表示两个动作同时发生(包括一个主语同时进行两个动作)， 或者一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化。例如： He jumps as he goes along. 他边走边跳。/ I slipped on the ice as I ran home. 我跑回家时在冰上滑了一跤。/ I saw him as he was gettin

5、g off the bus. 正当他下公共汽车时, 我看见了他。/ As the wind rose the noise increased. 刮风的时候噪声增大。考题1 I had just steeped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel _ I heard the steps. (2006湖南)A. while B. when C. since D. after答案 B解析 下划线处表示 “正在这时， 突然”， 四个选项中只有when可以表示此含义。 考题2 He was about halfway

6、 through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears. (2006辽宁)A. why B. where C. when D. while答案 C解析 下划线处表示 “正在这时， 突然”， 四个选项中只有when可以表示此含义。考题3 We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started. (2004北京春)A. when B. while C. until D. before答案 A解析 题意为“当我们正在湖里游泳的时候突然暴风雨开始了”， 表示主句的动作处于从句的动作突然发生时

7、应采用when(while不适合用于这样的语境)， when表示“当的时候”受限制条件最少。考题4 Im going to the post office. _ youre there, can you get me some stamps? (1999)A. As B. While C. Because D. If答案 B解析 主句中“get me some stamps”的动作发生在时间状语从句“youre there”的过程之中， 因此应选while表示这一时间关系(属于while引导时间状语从句的两大基本用法之一)。注意： as有时也可用于表示主句的动作发生在从句动作的过程中， 但这一

8、用法不是as引导时间状语从句的主要用法， 表示主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中时用while更为常见， 因此B选项是最佳选项。考题5 _ the days went on, the weather got worse. (1990)A. With B. Since C. While D. As答案 D解析 表示“the days went on”、 “the weather got worse”两个相互伴随地进行变化的动作， 应选as表示这一时间关系(while不适合用于这样的语境)。考题6 Tom _ into the house when no one _. (1992)A. slip

9、ped; was looking B. had slipped; lookedC. slipped; had looked D. was slipping; looked答案 A解析 题干当中的when表示“当的时候”， slip表示“偷偷地、 悄悄地移动”， 在本题中表示非延续性的动作“溜进了教室”的结果， 不适合用进行时态表示。第一个下划线处应填入slipped， 以一般过去时客观描述在过去某一时间上发生的动作； look表示延续性的动作， 可以持续进行， 所以第二个下划线处应填入was looking， 以过去进行时描述汤姆溜进教室的大背景。注意： 如果主句的动作发生于表示“当时”的时间

10、状语从句中的动作的进行过程中， 从句常用进行时。例如： The landlady suspected that someone must have broken into the house when/while/as she was watching TV show. 女房东怀疑在她看电视时曾有人闯入屋里。/ When/While/As Tom was reading, Jim was arrested. 在汤姆看书的时候， 吉姆被逮捕了。 考题7 I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _. (2

11、006安徽)A. went; was occurring B. went; occurredC. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred答案 C解析 根据题干句子含义， 事故发生于当我沿街行驶、 寻找停车之处的时候； 从句的动作发生在主句动作的过程中。主句的谓语动词go表示非延续性的动作， 可以持续进行， 应选用过去进行时的形式， 从句的谓语动词为非延续性动词， 应以一般过去时的形式表结果。2. before和after 引导的时间状语从句分析： before引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前， after引导时间状语从句时

12、表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。例如： See me before you leave. 在你离开之前来见我。/ Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. 在驾驶公共汽车之前， 他们必须通过专门测验。/ I saw them after I arrived. 在我抵达之后， 我见到了他们。/ I found his pen after he has left. 在他走后， 我找到了他的笔。考题8 He was told that it would be at least three m

13、ore months _ he could recover and return to work. (2007江西)A. when B. before C. since D. that答案 B解析 表示“他康复并返回工作岗位之前至少还需要三个月”， 下划线处应选用before。考题9 It was some time _ we realized the truth. (2005山东)A. when B. until C. since D. before答案 D解析 题干意为： 过了一段时间我们才意识到真相。下划线处应填入表示“在之前”的连词。考题10 How long do you think

14、 it will be _ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon? Perhaps two or three years. (2006福建)A. when B. until C. that D. before答案 D解析 下划线处所在的宾语从句采用一般将来时， 题干中第一句话问将来某一活动之前的时间， before最为适合。考题11 Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word. (2006四川)A. before

15、B. until C. when D. after答案 A解析 根据题干中第一句话的提示， 第二句话中的“he rushed out of the room”发生于“I could say a word”之前。3. till和 until 引导的时间状语从句分析： till和 until这两个词作连词和介词时的意义和用法相同， 一般可以换用(放在句首时通常用until的形式， till在口语中更为常见)。till和 until引导时间状语从句时跟主句里肯定形式或否定形式的、 表示延续性动作的谓语动词连用表示“到为止”， 跟主句里否定形式的、 表示非延续性动作的谓语动词连用表示“直到才(开始)”

16、， 例如： Walk till you come to a white house. 一直走到一座白房子为止。/ We didnt discuss the problem until he came back. 我们一直等到他回来后才讨论问题。考题12 It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _ weve actually had that lesson. (2007天津)A. until B. after C. since D. when答案 A解析 题干的句子可以直译为： “在我们一生中， 学到某个教训是困难的， 直到我们真正经历了

17、这个教训为止。”考题13 A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story. (2003上海)A. when B. unless C. after D. until答案 D解析 讲故事的人应该始终抓住听众的好奇心， 本题应选用表示“到为止”(跟主句里肯定形式的表延续性动作的谓语动词连用)的until 表示这一时间关系。考题14 I dont really work here; I _ until the new secretary arrives.

18、(1994)A. just help out B. have just helped outC. am just helping out D. will just help out答案 C解析 “I dont really work here”表明说话人只是临时前来帮忙， “until the new secretary arrives”表明说话人， 工作到新秘书就任为止， 本题应选用表示“到为止”(跟主句里肯定形式的表延续性动作的谓语动词连用)的until表示这一时间关系。考题15 They _ the train until it disappeared in the distance.

19、(1998)A. saw B. watched C. noticed D. observed答案 B解析 题干中的主句为肯定句， until需要跟主句里肯定形式的表延续性动作的谓语动词连用， 因此本题应选表示延续性动作的watched(其他选项中的saw， noticed， observed所表示的动作都不能延续， 意味着结果)。考题16 Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?Yes. He had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in hi

20、s grade. (2003北京春)A.after B.unless C.until D.when答案 C解析 until跟主句里否定形式的、 表非延续性动作的谓语动词连用时， 表示“直到才(开始)”， 本题应选until与主句中的“never praised”对应， 表示“他的父亲直到他成为年级里的尖子生之一时才开始称赞他”。考题17 “You cant have this football back _ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” the old man said firmly. (2006广东)A. because B. si

21、nce C. when D. until答案 D解析 题干中的直接引语较为复杂， 根据“promise”的提示， 该直接引语应表示一种假设， 意为： 你将不能拿回这足球， 直到你承诺不再把它踢向我的猫。4. since引导的时间状语从句分析： since引导的时间状语从句表示“自从以来”， 其用法主要有两种： (1) 现在完成时的主句since引导的一般过去时态的时间状语从句。例如： He hasnt been home since he graduated. 他毕业后没回过家。/ They have been friends ever since they were in grade sch

22、ool. 他们从小学起就一直是好朋友。/ What have you been doing since I last saw you? 自我上次和你见面以后， 你在做什么？(2) It be(主句中谓语用一般式和用完成式区别不大， 后者更具强调意味)表示一段时间的词汇since引导的时间状语从句。例如： It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我成为研究生已经有2年了。It was three years since we had been there. 我们在那儿已呆了三年。注意： since做介词时也表示“自从以来”，

23、其具体用法有两种情况： (1) since表示过去某个时间点的词汇(如具体的年、 月、 日期、 钟点)。例如： They have been friends since childhood. 他们从幼时起一直是好朋友。Shes been skiing since childhood. 她从幼时起就开始滑雪。I have been there many times since the war. 自那次战争以来， 我曾去该地多次。(2) since表示一段时间的词汇ago。例如： I have been here since five months ago. 五个月以来我一直在这里。考题18 Wh

24、at was the party like? Wonderful. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. (1993)A. after B. before C. when D. since答案 D解析 since表示“自从以来”。考题19 They _ friends since they met in Shanghai. (1989)A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned答案 C解析 题干中的since表示“自从以来”， 主句中的谓语动词应该表示从他们在上海相遇至今的持续性的动作，

25、因此下划线处应填入可以表示持续性状态的have been(其他选项中的made、 become、 turned所表示的动作都不能延续， 意味着结果)。练习（用连词填空）1. _ he comes tomorrow, I shall ask where he has been. 2. _ he was speaking, everybody listened carefully. 3. I saw her just _ she was getting off the train. 4. Have a good look at that man _ you pass him. 5. It was

26、already eight oclock _ we got there. 6. I was about to go out _ a visi- tor came. 7. Well go to the country at the beginning of June, _ the summer harvest will start.8. He learned to speak German _ he was in Berlin. 9. Henry is in charge of the office _ Mr. Smith is away. 10. I listen to the recorde

27、r _ I have time. 11. He had learned Chinese _ he came to China. 12. _ the work was done, we sat down to sum up experience.13. I havent seen him _ he moved to the other side of the town. 14. I waited _ he came back. 15. It was not _ he took off his eyeglasses that I recognized him.16. She likes everything to be in place _ she starts to work. 17. The thieves ran away _ they caught sight of the police. 18. They decided to go back home _ their money ran out. 19. We played outside till sunset, _ it began to rain.