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1、热点12 短文填空【命题趋势】短文填空中的自由填空一般在一篇200250字左右的短文中挖出10个空（一般一行或一句一个空，首句不设空），要求学生通读短文，并根据上下文来补全短文，每空只能填一个单词（不能填数字）。主要考九大词类（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、介词、连词、冠词）。该题旨在测试考生的英语阅读理解能力，从而达到既考查学生的语言基础知识，又考查他们的观察能力、联想能力以及对语言的综合运用能力。【满分技巧】 1、从语法方面考虑短文填空题所涉及的语法内容通常包括：名词的单复数、形容词和副词的比较等级、主谓一致、动词的时态和语态、介词和连词的选用等。2、从习惯用法和固定搭配方面考虑如
2、上所说，陕西省的短文填空以词组和短语为主，而词组和短语必然会涉及到很多习惯用法和固定搭配。3、从上下文的结构方面考虑有的空白必须根据上下文的结构才能判断应该填什样的单词或短语。【热点话题】 励志类，故事类，文化风俗，健康，科技【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）A（2019 南通市）话题：励志难度：建议用时：6分请认真阅读下面短文,并根据各题所给首字母的提示,写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式,使短文通顺。Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. A short video about seven people wearing prosthetic
3、devices(人造装置) who t_1_ on a desert race challenge has become popular. The seven disabled people j_2_in the 108-kilometer desert race from May 11 to 14 in Dunhuang, Northwest Chinas Gansu Province. Six of the seven had one leg amputated(截肢)，and o_3_had two legs amputated. Cheng Baojun, a man from Luo
4、he, Central Chinas Henan Province, the double amputee, said he never i_4_ he could take part in the desert race. “It is great, I can do it, and you can also. ” “It is easy to say, but walking it is h_5_. ” Cheng said. On the first day, they finished a complete section of 27 kilometers of the race, a
5、nd on the second day, they finished 20 kilometers. “My legs were painful while I was walking. We also met with a very big sandstorm on the way. But s _6_ it was a challenge, we could not give up. We all encouraged each other to continue. ” he said. After getting t_7_, they rested on the third day an
6、d walked on the fourth. Lao Tongyi walked the longest of the group, a distance of more than 70 kilometers. Team leader SunNaicheng said that they had to p_8_ through depulation (人烟稀少) areas of the Gobi Desert. He also added that team members challenged themselves and realized their d _9_. They are g
7、ood e _10_for everyone to learn from. Its up to you how far you go. If you dont try, you will never know.【答案与解析】【文章大意】这篇短文主要讲述了一段关于七个人戴着假肢参加沙漠竞赛的视频已经很流行了。告诉我们有志者事竟成。1. took 句意：一个关于七个人戴着假肢参加沙漠竞赛的短片已经很流行了。短语take on a desert race challenge参加挑战沙漠竞赛。这里是一般过去时态，take的过去式是took。根据句意，故填took。2. joined 句意：7名残疾人参
8、加了5月11日至14日在敦煌举行的108公里沙漠竞赛。jion in参加。这里是一般过去时态，joined，根据题意，故填joined。3. others 句意：七名患者中有六名一条腿被截肢，其他人则两条被截肢。Six of the seven had one leg amputated(截肢)可知下文是其他的。根据句意，故填others。4. imagined 句意：来自中国中部河南省洛河市的双重截肢者程宝军（音）说，他从来没有想过自己能参加沙漠赛跑。这里是一般过去时态，imagine的意思是“想象”，imagine的过去式imagined。根据题意，故填imagined。5. hard 句
9、意：程说：“说起来容易，走起来难。”根据上文It is easy to say hard可知下文是是难的。根据句意，故填hard。6. since 句意：我们在途中还遇到了一场很大的沙尘暴。但由于这是一个挑战，我们不能放弃。根据下文it was a challenge, we could not give up可知这里是表示原因，用since。根据句意，故填since。7. tired 句意：他们累了，第三天休息，第四天走。Tired的意思是“累人的”，根据句意，故填tired。8. pass 句意：组长孙乃成说，他们必须通过戈壁沙漠的人烟稀少的区域。根据下文through depulatio
10、n (人烟稀少) areas of the Gobi Desert.可知这里是通过的意思。have to do sth.表示不得不做某事；pass意思是“通过”，根据句意，故填pass。9. dream 句意：他还补充说，团队成员挑战自己，实现了自己的梦想。这里是说实现梦想。短语realize ones dream表示实现某人的梦想。根据句意，故填dream。10. examples 句意：他们是每个人学习的好榜样。主语是They，这里表语用复数，examples的意思是“榜样”，根据句意，故填examples。B（2019 泰安市）话题：故事难度：建议用时：6分根据短文内容，用方框中所给词语
11、的适当形式填空，使文章通顺完整。（每词限用一次）he, kill, scared, silly, lie, courage, hear, against, fight, strongOne sunny afternoon, a young deer and an old deer were _1_ under a tree in the forest. Suddenly, in the distance, they _2_ some sounds of dogs barking. The old deer stood up quickly. He felt nervous and _3_. H
12、e said to the young deer, Be quick! Its time to find a place to hide in. The barking dogs are fierce(凶猛的) and they will _4_ us. The young deer laughed and said, Why should we hide from the dogs? We are bigger and _5_than them. We can toss（扔）them aside with our big antlers(角). We should fight with th
13、em bravely. The old deer admired the _6_of the young deer, but he did not believe the young. Wed better run away now. said the old deer. The young deer refused to run away. He decided to fight_7_ the dogs. As the dogs ran to _8_ , he put down his antlers and wanted to toss them aside, But he didnt w
14、in the _9_ because there were too many dogs. He was killed by the dogs in the end. The young deer lost his life because he didnt know his strength and weakness. We can learn a lesson from the story. Dont be like the _10_ young deer when we are in danger. We should know our strength and weakness.【答案与
15、解析】【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述一个老鹿和一个年轻的鹿在树下躺着，突然他们听到狗叫声。老鹿建议找个地方躲起来，而年轻的鹿认为自己很强大，可以和狗打一架。但是打架时鹿失败了，因为他们是一群狗。通过这个故事告诉我们一个道理：我们要知道我们的优势和劣势。1. lying 句意“一个阳光明媚的下午，一只年轻的鹿和一只老鹿躺在树林的树下”。根据The old deer stood up quickly“这个老鹿迅速地站起来”可知，他们是“躺在树下”。且根据空前were可知，用过去进行时，故填lying。2. heard 句意“突然他们听到远处有一些狗的叫声”。根据some sounds of
16、 dogs barking“一些狗的叫声”可知，表示“听到”。hear听到。且根据文章可知，用一般过去时，故填heard。3. scared 句意“他感到很害怕”。根据空前nervous and可知，空处用形容词。根据Be quick! Its time to find a place to hide in. The barking dogs are fierce(凶猛的) and they will _4_ us“快点！是时候找个地方躲起来了，狂叫的狗是凶猛的，他们将会杀死我们”可知，老鹿是害怕的。scared害怕的，故填scared。4. kill 句意“狂叫的狗是凶猛的，他们将会杀死我们
17、”。根据文意可知，老鹿建议找个地方躲起来，因为狂叫的狗会杀死我们。kill杀死，且根据空前will可知，用原形，故填kill。5. stronger 句意“我们比他们大又比他们壮”。根据空前bigger and以及than可知，用比较级，根据文意可知，年轻的鹿不惧怕狗，所以表示“比他们大又比他们壮”。故填stronger。6. courage 句意“这个老鹿钦佩这个年轻的鹿的勇气”。根据We can toss（扔）them aside with our big antlers(角). We should fight with them bravely“我们可以用我们的大角将他们扔掉，我们应该勇
18、敢地和他们打一架”可知，老鹿要找个地方躲起来，而年轻的鹿要和狗打一架。所以老鹿钦佩年轻的鹿的勇气。根据空前the以及空后of可知，用名词。courage勇气，故填courage。7. against 句意“他决定和狗打一架”。根据We can toss（扔）them aside with our big antlers(角). We should fight with them bravely“我们可以用我们的大角将他们扔掉，我们应该勇敢地和他们打一架”可知，表示打一架。fight against与打架，故填against。8. him 句意“当狗跑向他时，他放下鹿角想要将他们扔到一边”。根据
19、He decided to fight_7_ the dogs“他打算和狗干一架”可知，空处指代年轻的鹿。且空处用宾格，故填him。9. fight 句意“但是他没有赢得这个战斗因为有太多的狗”。根据We can toss（扔）them aside with our big antlers(角). We should fight with them bravely“我们可以用我们的大角将他们扔掉，我们应该勇敢地和他们打一架”可知，年轻的鹿和狗打了一架，但是没有赢得战斗。fight战斗，用单数，故填fight。10. silly 句意“当我们陷入危险时，不要学这个傻鹿”。根据The young
20、deer lost his life because he didnt know his strength and weakness“这个年轻的鹿因为不知道他的强处和弱处最后失去了生命”可知，不要向这只傻鹿学习。空处修饰名词deer，用形容词，故填silly。C（2019 重庆市B卷）话题：文化差异难度：建议用时：6分根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。Youve been here in China for a few days, and you may notice that Chinese people can sometimes be very dire
21、ct. But dont be fooled into thinking you can_1_anything you like to them. Here are a few things foreigners_2_China should never say. Have you been on vacation? You look so tanned (晒黑的)! While many people in the West grow up with the idea that dark skin is a sign of beauty, this is not true in China.
22、 That explains_3_umbrellas are just as common on sunny days as they are on rainy days here.I really love China, butDont finish that_4_. No place can be perfect. Its fine if you say something impolite about your_5_country, but dont do it about someone elses. This doesnt just happen in China, but its
23、fair to say the Chinese people show more love to their country. I think Chinese food is the best food in the world.Whats that? As everyone in China should already know this, saying that you love Chinese food is like saying that sugar is_6_or ice is cold. Its wont hurt anybody, but they may think you
24、 know_7_about their food culture. Since there are many different kinds of Chinese food, it sounds better to talk about the local food that you like most. Keep them in mind and_8_your stay in China!【答案与解析】【文章大意】短文介绍了外国游客在中国不应该说的一些话。例如：“你度假了吗？你看起来很黑！”、“我真的很喜欢中国，但是”、“我认为中国食物是世界上最好的食物。”同时文章也暗示我们，每个国家都有自
25、己国家的习俗，一定要入乡随俗。1. say 句意：但不要愚昧地认为你对他们想说什么就说什么。根据后面的句子“Here are a few things foreigners_54_China should never say.”可知，短文介绍了外国人在中国最忌讳说的一些话，不是想说什么就说什么，情态动词say后跟动词原形，故答案为say。2. in 句意：这里有一些外国人在中国不应该说的话。in China在中国，故答案为in。3. why 句意：这就解释了为什么雨伞在晴天和雨天一样常见。explain“解释”，中国人不喜欢皮肤黑，在晴天也打着雨伞，这也是雨伞在晴天和雨天一样常见的原因，故答案
26、为why。4. sentence(complaint) 句意：不要说出那样的话（抱怨）。that是指前面的“I really love China, but”，是一句抱怨的话，故答案为sentence(complaint)。5. own 句意：如果你对自己的国家说些不礼貌的话没关系。在形容词性物主代词所修饰的名词前面加上own，表示“某人自己的”，故可以添加own。6. sweet 句意：说你喜欢中国菜，就像说出糖很甜或冰很冷一样。根据“ice is cold”判断，此处是让你说出事物的属性特征，糖给我们的印象肯定会是甜的，故答案为sweet。7. nothing/little 句意：但他们可
27、能会认为你对他们的饮食文化一无所知。根据前面的句意“说你喜欢中国菜，就像说出糖很甜或冰很冷一样”理解可知，好像说出这样的话跟没说一样，会让中国人认为自己对他们的饮食文化一无所知。故答案为nothing/little。8. enjoy 句意：要记住它们，祝你在中国过得愉快！并列连词and前后连接的是两个祈使句，需要填写动词原形，短文是写给外国游客的，最后要献上祝福的话：祝您在中国过得愉快！enjoy“享受的乐趣，过得快活”。D（2019 贵州省遵义市）话题：健康难度：建议用时：6分阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式I have two friends in o
28、ur class， Rick and Scott Rick has a good lifestyle He sleeps eight or nine _1_ （hour）a day So he can get up early in the morning He exercises every day before having breakfast He runs three times every week and plays soccer _2_（one） a week He also has good eating habits He _3_（try） to eat all kinds
29、of fruits He thinks apples are the _4_（delicious） of all fruits He believes Having _5_ apple every day keeps the _6_（ill）away He drinks milk every day and often eats vegetables He likes hamburgers _7_ he doesnt eat too much He looks after his health well Good eating habits and doing exercises every
30、day are good for himScott is different _8_ Rick He is kind of _9_（health） He doesnt like doing exercise and sleeps too late He likes eating junk food， too He is fat now， and he _10_（ask）to lose weight by his doctor【答案与解析】【文章大意】本文介绍了瑞克和斯科特的生活方式。瑞克有良好的生活方式，而斯科特和瑞克不同。他有点不健康。他不喜欢运动，睡得太晚。他也喜欢吃垃圾食品。他现在很胖，
31、医生要求他减肥。1. hours 句意：他每天睡八或九个小时。数字eight or nine后面跟可数名词复数，hour小时，复数hours；故答案是hours。2. once 句意：他每周跑三次，每周踢一次足球。one一，基数词；once：一次，once a week：一周一次；故答案是once。3. tries 句意：他尽力吃各种水果。本句是一般现在时，主语三单，谓语动词应用第三人称单数；try：试图，三单形式是tries；故答案是tries。4. most delicious 句意：他认为苹果是所有水果中最美味的。根据比较范围of all fruits可知可知使用最高级，deliciou
32、s是多音节形容词，最高级是most delicious；故答案是most delicious。5. an 句意：他认为，“每天吃一个苹果可以远离疾病。” apple：苹果，可数名词单数，可数名词单数一般和不定冠词连用，apple是元音音素开头，可知“一个苹果”是an apple；故答案是an。6. illness 句意：他认为，“每天吃一个苹果可以远离疾病。”冠词要和名词一起使用，ill：有病的，形容词，名词是illness，不可数名词；根据定冠词the，可知填名词；故答案是illness。7. but 句意：他喜欢吃汉堡包，但他不吃太多。本句是并列句，根据句意可知前后句句意是转折关系，可知填
33、but。8. from 句意：斯科特和瑞克不一样。短语be different from：与不一样；根据上文描述可知瑞克有很好生活方式，下文描述斯科特“他不喜欢运动，睡得太晚。他也喜欢吃垃圾食品”可知斯科特生活方式不健康，故斯科特和瑞克不一样。结合句意可知答案是from。9. unhealthy 句意：他有点不健康。根据下文He doesnt like doing exercise and sleeps too late He likes eating junk food， too（他不喜欢运动，睡得太晚。他也喜欢吃垃圾食品。）可知“他有点不健康。”本句是主系表结构，be动词后面跟形容词做表语
34、，kind of：有点，副词，修饰形容词或副词原级； health：健康，名词；形容词是healthy：健康的，unhealthy：不健康的；故答案是unhealthy。10. is asked 句意：他现在很胖，医生要求他减肥。本句是and连接的并列句，这两个句子时态一般一致，根据He is fat now时态是一般现在时，可知此句时态是一般现在时；根据句意可知主语和谓语动词是被动关系，可知使用被动语态，故此句是一般现在时的被动语态；其构成am/is/are + 动词的过去分词，本句主语he第三人称单数，可知使用is；ask的过去分词是asked；故答案是is asked。E（2019 浙江
35、省金华、义乌、丽水市）话题：机器人难度：建议用时：6分阅读下面短文， 然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式。 每空限填一词。If you are tired of making human connections, Lovet can be a great choice for you. A Japanese company _1_(发明) it in December, 2018. It is a friendly robot which can make _2_(孤独的) people feel the love.The _3_(名字) “Lovet” comes from the
36、 two words“love” and “robot”. With two bright eyes and a _4_(柔软的)body, Lovet moves around your house and asks you for hugs. It doesnt talk, but chirps(作唧唧声).Lovet follows you with the help of a _5_(照相机) on its head. It also has abilities to tell who you are by reading your face. It can _6_(甚至) remem
37、ber up to 1000 faces.The robot cannot help you with housework, but it will _7_(发展) your ability to love. It moves around on three wheels and waves its two little _8_(手臂) to show surprise and love, or to ask for a hug. it sleeps when its hugged and it follows you when it is called. It is _9_(害羞的) aro
38、und strangers. When you open the door, it will hide _10_(在后面). If you want to make it laugh, just touch it.Lovet will do all it can to fill you with joy.【答案与解析】【文章大意】短文介绍了日本机器人Lovet。它是一个友好的机器人，能让孤独的人感受到爱，可以记住多达1000张脸。它不会帮你做家务，但它会培养你的爱的能力，在陌生人面前很害羞。如果你想让它笑，就摸它。Lovet会尽它所能让你充满快乐。1. invented 考查动词。根据所给汉语
39、意思拼写出单词invent“发明”，动词；由in December，2018可知时态用一般过去时，句意：一家日本公司于2018年12月发明了它，故答案填invented。2. lonely 考查形容词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词lonely“孤独的”，形容词，修饰后面的名词people；句意：它是一个友好的机器人，能让孤独的人感受到爱。故答案填lonely。3. name 考查名词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词name“名字”，没错；句意：“Lovet”这个名字来源于“love”和“robot”这两个词，故答案填name。4. soft 考查形容词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词soft“柔软的”，
40、形容词，修饰后面的名词body；句意：带着两只明亮的眼睛和柔软的身体，Lovet在你家里四处走动，故答案填soft。5. camera 考查名词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词camera“照相机”，名词；句意：Lovet用在它头上的照相机的帮助下跟着你，故答案填camera。6. even 考查副词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词even“甚至”，副词；句意：它甚至可以记住多达1000张脸，故答案填even。7. develop 考查动词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词develop“发展”，动词；will后跟动词原形，句意：但它会培养你的爱的能力，故答案填develop。8. arms 考查名词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词arm“手臂”，名词；由前面的its two little，可知此处用其复数形式，句意：它用三个轮子转动，挥舞着它的两个小手臂，故答案填arms。9. shy 考查形容词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词shy“害羞的”，形容词；句意：它在陌生人面前很害羞，故答案填shy。10. behind 考查介词。根据所给汉语意思拼写出单词behind“在后面”，介词；句意：当你打开门时，它会藏在后面，故答案是behind。