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1、2021年北京地区研究生学位英语真题2021年研究生学位真题Part II Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points)Section A ( 0.5 point each)21. Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories.A dashedB filedC strolledD swarmed22. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human bein
2、gs are doomed.A compellingB rationalC ridiculousD ambiguous23. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence.A supportB restrictC raiseD modify24. Patie nts are expected to comply with doctors instructions for quick recovery.A improve onB abide byC draw uponD refl
3、ect on25. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods.A abundantB controversialC conductiveD convincing26. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.A more wealthyB less successfulC dismissed earlierD favorably position
4、ed27.If you hold on to a winning attitude, youll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.A influenceB strengthC outlookD consequence28. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches.A believedB discardedC advocatedD confirmed29. Customers in these m
5、arkets of antiques are good at slashing prices.A assessingB cuttingC elevatingD altering30. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control .A joinedB ascribedC fastenedD divertedSection B (0.5 point each)31. It takes a year for the earth to mak
6、e each _ , or revolution, around the sun.A tourB travelC visitD trip32. _this dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.A Tied up withB Fed up withC Wrapped up inD Piled up with33. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest in his _ home.A humbleB obscu
7、reC inferiorD lower34. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from _ as possible.A humidityB humanityC harmonyD honesty35. As an important _ for our emotions and ideas, music an play a huge role in our life.A vesselB vestC ventureD vehicle36. The day is past when the countr
8、y can afford to give high school diploma to all who _ six years of instruction.A set aboutB run forC sit throughD make for37. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive an even deeper _ between the rich and poor.A boundaryB differenceC wedgeD variation38. A f
9、armer must learn the kinds of crops best _ the soils on his farm.A accustomed toB committed toC applied toD suited to39. The sun is so large that if it were _, it would hold a million earths.A elegantB immenseC hollowD clumsy40. This patients life could be saved only by a major operation. That would
10、 _her to a high risk.A exposeB leadC contributeD sendPart III Cloze Test ( 10 points, 1 point each)Harvard Universitys under-graduate is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30
11、years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what many people had said that Harvards curriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization.“Harvard needs to 43 its education for a world where globa
12、l connections, cross disc iplinary research, and science in general are ever more important,” said Kirby.Particularly 44 is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research.Students can either f
13、ind the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university.“46 ” studying Chinese history without leaving the university, students interested in the subject should be spending a semester at a uni versity in China.”It was also recommended that Harvard 47 its required “core curr
14、iculum”. The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly 48 topic and emphasized “ways of knowing.”Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set
15、of 49 “Harvard College Courses”, emphasizing knowledge over methodology and 50 wider territory. A life sciences course, for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Bebedict Gross, Harward College dean.41. A reviewing B insp
16、ecting C searching D underlying42. A in accordance with B in line with C in response to D in charge of43. A uphold B update C upset D upward44. A note-worthy B trust-worthy C praise-worthy D reward-worthy45. A turn out B turn in C turn over D turn to46. A In spite of B As if C Rather than D Let alon
17、e47. A perish B destroy C denounce D abolish48. A appropriate B imaginative C specific D special49. A optional B optical C opposite D optimistic50. A sparing B spiraling C sparkling D spanningPart IV Reading Comprehension ( 45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneA report published recently b
18、rings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air
19、pollution? Quite a lot, it turns out.Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source-exhaustfumes. Also dont walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the str
20、eet where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side.Sitting on the drivers side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whe
21、ther traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fum
22、es have a mixture of pollutants.When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just
23、a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly.There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are fre
24、shest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.51. What is the passage mainly about?A How to fight air pollution in big cities.B How to avoid air pollution in big cities.C How serious air pollution is in big cities.D How to breathe fresh air in b
25、ig cities.52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities _A can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disaster.B cannot be compared with the disaster in Chernobyl.C can be more serious that we used to think .D can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disaster.53. When you walk i
26、n a busy street, you should walk on the side _A where the wind is going .B where the wind is coming.C where the wind is weakerD where the wind is stronger54. If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit _A on the right side in the busB on the left side of the bus .C in the middle of the
27、busD at the back of the bus55. It is implied in the passage that _A people should not take street level transportationtiny iron particles will not cause health problems.traveling on an underground train is better than taking the bus.D air pollution on an underground train is less poisonous.56. While
28、 waiting to cross a busy street, you should _A wait a few seconds until the fumes reduce.B stay away from the traffic as far as possible.C hold you breath until you get to the other side of the street.D count down for the light to change.Passage TwoThe patient needed a spinal tap, and a senior atten
29、ding physician asked a medical resident whether a preparatory blood test had been checked. The medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative, because she was quite certain it had not been checked.Well, almost certain.Doctors in training sometimes confront situations in which they
30、 worry that their supervisingphysicians are making mistakes or bending the truth. Yet even though such acts can jeopardize patients, the inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is hampered by the hierarchies in teaching hospitals.On the top were the senior physicians who made rounds on
31、the wards once or twice daily. Next were the overworked. Residents, who essentially lived in the hospital while training. Last were the medical students who were most assuredly a the bottom of the heap.The students whose resident seemingly lied to the attending physician about the blood test did not
32、 speak up. The resident was a good doctor, she said, and so she had given him the benefit of the doubt. And, she added, both the resident and the attending physician would be grading her.What should a medical student do in such a situation ? One possibility is to take the matter up with a more senio
33、r doctor. Or the student might go directly to the patient or family, telling them that the physicians have a genuine disagreement and that they deserve to know about it.These options seem logical on paper. As the ethicist James Dwyer has written in The Hastings Center Report, “The practice of always
34、 keeping quiet is a failure of caring.” But in the real world, it may be extremely difficult to go up the chain of command.Fortunately, medical educators are increasingly recognizing the dilemmas that doctors in training confront when they witness behavior that makes them uncomfortable. Students and
35、 residents are now expected to provide routine feedback -positive and negative -about their supervising physicians at the close of their rotation.Of course, physicians and students need to be educated about how to give feedback in professional and nonconfrontational ways. Medical educators are only
36、now beginning to teach this skill. Still, it will be hard to change the unfortunate perception that constructive feedback, even for a patients benefit, is whistle-blowing.57. As mentioned in the passage, the hospital hierarchy _A is useful to the people on the lower layer.B is built on a performance
37、-reward system.C is a barrier to the exchange of medical views.D is an effective way of teaching medical views.58. “the benefit of the doubt” in Paragraph 5 shows that _A the student was not quite certain that she was right.B the resident did not respond to the students doubt.C the student was denie
38、d the chance to doubt the superior.D the resident benefited from the students suggestion.59. James Dwyers words mean that _A students should learn to speak both kindly and professionally.B students should challenge the superior for the benefit of patients.C students should retain their faith even af
39、ter facing some difficulties.D students should be educated on who to care more about the patients.60. What is the attitude of medical educators toward teaching students to give feedback?A ConfusedB IndifferentC ReluctantD Enthusiastic61. The author tends to believe that the problem faced by medical
40、students _A will remain for a long timeB will disappear in the near future.C should not be exaggerated.D cant be solved successfully.62. The passage focuses on _A the development of teaching hospitals hierarchies.B different roles in teaching hospitals hierarchies.C the future reform on teaching hos
41、pitals hierarchies.D the problems caused by teaching hospitals hierarchies.Passage ThreeGlobal warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere , global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audie
42、nce at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries.Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon diox
43、ide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other relia
44、ble energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. “ Wouldnt it be useful if the United States were to have a piece of the action. Wouldnt it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the act
45、ion,” Alley said.Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia, such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alleys research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such a
46、s global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldnt predict if , when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could
47、 occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider.“This is not the biggest problem in the world. The biggest problem in the world is getting along with each other. But its part of that because were not going to get along with each other if were not getting along with the plan
48、et,” Alley sai d.63. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming _A can be easedB can be endedC will become worseD will last for decades.64. Allys research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by _A abrupt changes in atmospheric patterns.B subtle changes in atmospheric patterns.C humans burning of fossil fuel .D increasing