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1、The Attributive Clause,Function：修饰；限定,定语从句：是指在复合句中， 修饰 或 的从句。 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代 词叫做“ ”。 引导定语从句的词叫“ ”。,名词,代词,先行词,关系词,The Attributive clause 定语从句,She is the girl who can speak English very well.,先行词,关系词,He who laughs last laughs best. All is well that ends well. Friendship is like health, the value of whi
2、ch is seldom known until it is lost.,真正的友谊犹如健康的身体，失去时方知其可贵。,谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。,结局好，一切都好。,1. 引导定语从句。 2. 代替先行词。 3. 在定语从句中担当一个成分。,关系词的三个作用:,关系词的分类,who/that,which/that,whom/that,that,whose,which/that,when,where,why,关系词的确定,1. 找出先行词,2. 判断先行词在从句中充当的成分，确定关系词的种类,3. 确定具体的引导词,Which baby is Jack?,穿红裤子的婴儿是Jack。,The bab
3、y is Jack.,The baby is Jack.,whose trousers are red,who is wearing red trousers,Jack,关系代词,that可指人, 可指物, 作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 前面不能加介词) 2. which指物, 作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 若介词提前则不能省),He is the man (whom/ that/who) I saw yesterday.,A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.,*Th
4、is is the mountain village (which/that) I visited last year.,*The most important form of energy is electrical energy , which is widely used in our daily life . *This is the house (which/that) he lived in.,*This is the house in which he lived.,3. who指人, 作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 前面不能加介词) 4. whom指人, 作宾语 (作宾语可省略
5、, 若介词提前则不能省),Is he the man who/that wants to see you?,I dont know the man (who/whom/that) he talked to.,I dont know the man to whom he talked.,他是那个想见你的人吗？,我不认识那个与他交谈的人。,=,A tank is a machine _ is very powerful in a war.,I lost the glasses _I bought in Beijing.,Which/that,that/which,Yao Ming is a Chi
6、nese player _ was born in Shanghai and once played basketball in NBA .,who/that,The girl _ is raising her hand is my sister.,He is the policeman _ told me the way yesterday.,who/that,who/that,Titanic is the ship _ sank after hitting an iceberg.,which / that,Rose and Jack are the lovers _ met on the
7、ship.,who/that,1.The man _came to our school is Mr. Wang. 2.The girl _ I met is Lucy. 3.A child _parents are dead is called Tom. 4.I like the book _ you bought yesterday. 5. We shall never forget the days _we spent together. 6.I like the person _you just introduced. 7.If you are sad,you can talk wit
8、h someone _ you can share your secrets.,who/that,whom/that/who,whose,that/which,that/which,that/whom/who,with whom,定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。 This is the house (which /that) we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性) The house, which
9、 we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。(非限制性),A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present. (非限制性）,Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time. （限制性）,which 常用于逗号隔开的非限定定语从句中，指代前面整件事情,常含有因果关系。 The sun heats the earth , _for pla
10、nts to grow . 太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。 He seems not to have grasped what I meant, _. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。,which makes it possible,which greatly upsets me,as可以作为关系代词引导限定性定语从句、非限定性定语从句。 限定性定语从句,1.用于the sameas结构中This is the same knife as I lost yesterday 这把刀和我昨天丢的那把一样。This is the same material as is used in
11、building the bridge 这和建那座桥所用的材料一样。,2.用于suchas结构中I never heard such stories as he tells我从未听过像他讲的那种故事。Such points as youve mentioned are really important in solving the problem . 你提到的这些方面在解决这个问题上的确很重要。,3. 用于“soadja（n）n（单数）as结构中Hes not so strong a man as he was他已不像从前一样健康了。,4用于“asadjnas比较结构中Some people
12、have no doubt that their cat understands as many words as a dog does 许多人相信他们的猫跟狗懂的话一样多。,As 引导的非限定性定语从句,Taiwan belongs to China.,As I know , she hasnt got married .,They won the first place in the game, （正如预料的那样）,Professor Li is extremely popular among students , as is known to all of us .,As we all
13、know,as was expected.,as, which 非限定性定语从句 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，as一般放在句首或句中，which只在句中。as一般翻译为“正如”： 正如我们所知道的，吸烟有害健康。,As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health.,=Smoking is harmful to ones health,as we all know.,=Smoking ,as we all know,is harmful to ones health.,太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类
14、很重要。,The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.,注意：名词，数量（some/many/few/much/little/none/all/ both/neither/half/most/one-third/10 %)+of +关系代词 I picked up the apples, were bad. 其中的一些 I have seen many foreigners , are from Europe. 其中的绝大部分 He has ten consins, half /three/ four-fifths of who
15、m are clever. The factory produces 100,000 cars every year, are sent to America. 其中的百分之三十,some of which,most of whom,30% of which,She suffered from illness, in which case her husband had to stay home. Tom spent 4 years in college, during which time he learned French.,=and in that case,=and during th
16、at time,一般多用that的情况,I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.,Ive read all the books that are not mine.,先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不 定代词时。,2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。,This is the first/best book (that) he has read.,This is the ve
17、ry book that belongs to him.,3. 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,4. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。,5. who或which的问句中。,Who is the girl that drove the car?,Which is the book that you bought last week?,7. 当先行词在定语从句中作be表语时 She isnt the girl that she was 10 years ago.,6. 当先行词由人或物共同充当时 Do you know the thing
18、s and persons that they are talking about?,以下情况用which, 不用that,1. 关系代词前有介词 This is the house in which he was born.,2. 在非限制性定语从句中 Alice received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise.,只用who的情况,One _ has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth. The ones _ laugh at the disabled are not g
19、ood students. Anyone _ fails to finish the task should be punished. Those _ want to go to The Great Wall sigh up here.,who,who,who,who,先行词是one, ones, anyone, those时用who.,whose,Do you know the man? The mans name is Tom.,whose,表从属关系,1.The missing pilot whose name is Wang Wei is known as a hero. 2.The
20、chair whose leg was broken has been repaired.,whose,注：Whose 即可指人也可指物,Which house is mine?,房顶是棕色的房子是我的。,The house is mine.,whose roof is brown,my house,The house is brown is mine.,the roof of which,基础知识小结: 关系词及其意义,指代人 指代事物 所属关系 指地点 指时间 指原因,who, whom, that, as which, that, as whose where when why,归纳总结
21、,找关系词技巧?,先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分,介词关系代词（介词+which/whom) 1. 介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配. Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands？ 2. 介词后只能用which /whom 引导，不能用that/who. I wont forget the factory on which my father worked.,1.Two men came to see my house.2. Neither of them wanted to buy the house.,1.There are 89/
22、91 students in our class. 2. Most of students in our class come from Xiangyang.,Two men came to see my house, neither of whom wanted to buy it.,There are 89/91 students in our class, most of whom come from Xiangyang.,3.介词+whom/ which引导的定语从句中，介词前经常会有some,most,all,neither,分数或数词等进行修饰限定。,1）The library _
23、 students often study was on fire last night.,in which,2）Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.,on which,3) This is the reason _I didnt come here.,for which,/ when,/ where,/ why,介词+which/whom=关系副词,1. Did you recognize the man with _ I shook hands? 2. Do you still remember the boy about
24、 _ sister people talk a lot? 3. They blew up(炸毁） the building on _top there was a flag. 4. A biologist is a man from _ you can learn a lot of knowledge of biology.,whom,whose,whose,whom,5. He is the man _ you can turn for help. 6. This is the tree _ we used to play games. 7. The farm _ we worked ten
25、 years ago isnt what it used to be. 8. Im grateful to my classmate with _ help Ive made much progress.,to whom,under which,on which,whose,时间,地点,原因,时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,关系副词,(1) Ill never forget the day when I joined the army. (when指时间，在从句中做时间状语) (2) I wont forget the factory where my father worked. (where
26、指地点，在从句中作地点状语) (3) Tell me the reason why you came late. (why表示原因，在从句中作原因状语),1）The library _ students often study was on fire last night. 2）The library _ was built in the 1930s needs repairing. 3）The library _ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.,where,which,(that,/that,/which),/ in which,注意：先行词
27、是时间 地点 原因， 不一定用when where why!,解题思路：,看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分，若在定语从句做主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。若做地点状语用where。,1）Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park. 2）Ill never forget the time _ I spent on campus.,when,which /that,/ on which,3) This is the reason _I didnt come here.,4) The reason _ she gave was
28、 not true.,why,which/that,1. It was October_we met in Damiao for the first time. 2. It was in October_we met in Damiao for the first time. A. that B. which C. when D. while,C,A,对比训练,1. We should go to the place_ we are most needed. 2. We should go to the place_ needs us most. A. it B. where C. that D. what,B,C,对比训练,