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1、不定式 （the infinitive）,to+动词原形 ，其否定形式是“not/never to do”/not do. 不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化。,不定式的构成:,一.不定式的句法功能,1.Its very common to raise money in Canadian and American school.,(做主语),不定式做主语时,常用代词it 来代替不定式结构, 这时 it 被称为形式主语,而作为句子真正主语的不定式则被后置.往往放v.和adj.之后.,e.g. To learn English well is not easy. = Its
2、not easy to learn English well.,不定式的逻辑主语有时用“of/for+名词或代词宾格”构成。,Its + adj for/of sb to do sth.,of/for?,Its difficult_ me to work out the maths problem. .,for,You are kind to help me.,Its kind _you to help me,of,nice, kind, good, silly, clever, wrong, honesy,easy hard difficult interesting exciting bo
3、ring .,1. Its very nice of them _(send) me the flowers. 2. _ (become) a teacher is my dream. 3. Its very important to learn English well.(同义句转换) _ _ English well _ very important. 4.Its important _Chinese well. to learn B. learn C. learning D. learns,2. The best way to raise money is to sell newspap
4、ers.,(做表语),表语是用来表示主语的身份,状态和特征等.可与系动词构成系表结构.,Her wish is to study in Ji Yan Middle school. My job is to clean the streets.,1.My job is _computers. to selling B. sell C. to sell D. sold 2. Her hobby is _ (play) football.,3.I want to make a hotel reservation.,(做宾语),接动词不定式作宾语常见的几个动词是want , plan , hope ,
5、 decide , begin , start. need , wait ,would like .hate.refuse.wish . prefer , learn.try.like .agree ,fail. be able to do,do ones best to do 等.,They decided to try again.,The little boy wanted to get to school before 8 oclock.,宾语表示主语所做动作的承受者.一般跟在及物动词后面.,1.My friends want _(book) some tickets to the m
6、ovie for us. 2. My parents decide _ (give) me more money. 3. He plans _ (go) to Beijing for a holiday. 4. The boy hopes _ (pass) the English exam.,5. My little son is able _ (read) some words. 6. Ill try my best _ (help) you. 7. She would like _ (become) beautiful.,4.Kangkang helped us to book the t
7、rain tickets.,动词不定式作宾语补足语,常见的动词有 tell , ask , want , would like , wish , teach , help , order ,invite, get, allow, send, lead 等.常构成下面的句式： V + sb /sth + to do 其否定形式为： V +sb /sth not /never +to do,(做宾语补足语),She told me not to give the book to him.,I asked Paul to carry the box.,1.Dont ask Jim _(go) swi
8、mming with us, because his mother wont allow him _(do) so. 2. Does you mother like you _a doctor? A. being B. to be C. are D. become 3. My teacher always tells me _ (study) hard. 4. I dont want you _ (help) me. 5. Shed like me _ (join) them.,6. I wish you _ (have) a good time. My best friends teach
9、me _ (swim). 8. Her boyfriend often invites her _ (have) dinner. 9. My mother always gets my father _ (do) housework. 10. I order you _ (wash) your hands.,5. 但使役动词（let .make .have)和感官动词(see .watch.look at .hear. feel)的宾补常省to,句式如下： V. +sb/sth +do 其否定形式为： V +sb /sth +not /never do,His mother let him n
10、ot watch TV。 He often makes his sister wash his clothes.,1. When they went into the park, they saw someone _ Chinese Kongfu . plays B. played C. to play D. playing 2.Mr. Brown made his students _ the new words again. copying B. copy C. to copy D. copied,3.Please let the students_ down. A. sitting B.
11、 sat C. sit D. to sit 4.Is Wei Fang good at singing? - Yes, she is. We often hear her _ in her room. A.to sing B. sing C. sings D.singing 5.A strange noise made me_(stop) my work.,5.Why dont we have a show to raise money?,(做目的状语),不定式作状语一般表示目的，原因或结果,We are sorry to hear that.,Lets stop to have a rest
12、.,The orange are too high to reach.,She didnt work hard enough to pass the exam.,(表原因),(表行为的目的),(表结果),状语在句子中修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子.说明动作或状态的特征.,1. She sells flowers_make money.A.made B.make C.to make D.to be made 2.The room is not big enough _. A.to live in B. to be lived in C.to live D. for living 3. Im s
13、orry _ you . trouble B. trouble with C. to trouble D. trouble about 4. He is too young _ (go) to school.,6. 作定语(后置） 1.Do you have anything more_ 要说? 2.She has a lot of work _做 every day . 3. The old man has a house _ 住. 4. She is a nice person_ 共事 .,to say,to do,to live in,to work with,例如： 他在找一个房间住。
14、 无什么可担心的。 请给我把刀子来切东西。,He is looking for a room to live in ,There is nothing to worry about,Please give me a knife to cut with,7. 动词不定式可以和疑问词构成短语。如： We dont know how to use the machine. Can you show me how to swim. He didnt tell me when to leave.,1.Joe is teaching Alice_the chair. A. how mend B. how
15、mending C. how to mending D. how to mend 2. I dont know what_ (do) next. 3. Could you tell me when _ (have) dinner?,8. 只能跟ving 的动词： finish, enjoy, mind, keep(on), practise, feel like(want), be busy doing . give up, look forward to doing, cant help doing,1. I cant help _ (cry) . 2. He didnt finish _
16、(do) homework. 3. Would you mind _ (close) the window. 4. Every day Mary practise _ (speak) English. 5. Kangkang is busy _ (watch) TV now. 6. I look forward to _ (hear) from you. 7. They keep _ (play) basketball. 8. My sister feels like _ (eat) ice cream.,9. 既可以跟动词不定式 又可以跟Ving 的几组动词 而意思无太大区别的： like
17、to do like doing prefer. hate begin start .,10. 注意Stop to do 与stop doing ： stop to do 指的是：停下其它的事情，去做不定式的动作。We are so tired. Lets stop to have a rest. 我们太累了，让我们停下来休息一会儿吧。Stop doing是指停下来正在做的事情。 The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.,She reached the top of the hill and stopped _on a big
18、 rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest 2. Its time for class ,please stop_(talk) 3. He stopped _(say)hello to me when he saw me. 4. Its too late,lets stop_(work) 5. He stopped_(cry) when seeing his mother.,C,talking,to say,working,crying,remember to do 记得要去做 r
19、emember doing 记得曾经做过 Please remember to bring your book with you tomorrow. I remember bringing my book this morning. forget doing 曾经做过这件事，但后来忘了 forget to do 忘记要做一件事 （根本没做） I often forget to turn off the light, but I remember turning it off last night.,1. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you
20、 come tomorrow. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking 2. - Do you still remember _ me somewhere in Beijing? - Yes, of course. Two years ago. to see B. see C. seeing D. saw 3.Remember _(not be) late next time!,温馨提示,11. find it+adj+to do =find (that) it is to do. think itto do =think (that) it is
21、adj+to do sth.,I found it easy to learn English. =I found it is easy to learn Enlish,.Exercise: I felt it hard _(give) up _(smoke),12. Its time to do sth. Its ones duty to do sth Its ones turn to do sth Take turns to do sth. It takes sb some time to do sth It costs sb some money to do sth 主语+ adj to
22、 do sth,It cost me 5 yuan _ (buy) the book yesterday. It will take him 8 minutes _ (get) there. We take turns _ (clean) the classroom. 4. Its already time _(stop) _(discuss) 5. Its my duty _ (protect) you,13. 变被动语态 make sb do sth. sb be made to do sth. He makes us laugh. We are made to laugh by him
23、see sb do sth. sb be seen to do sth. I often see him play games. He is often seen to play games by me. hear sb do sth. sb be heard to do sth. I always hear my friend sing Engish songs. My friend is always heard to sing English songs,Yesterday he was seen _ (play) computer games. 2. Many children are
24、 made _ what theyre not interested in . A. do B. doing C. to do D. did 3. Someone was heard _ (knock) at the door just now.,1. She needs some paper to _ . A.write B.write in C.write with D.write on 2.Give me a pen _. A. write B. to write C. write with D. to write with 3. -Shopping with me? -Sorry. I
25、 have a lot of clothes _ . A.washed B.wash C.to wash D.to be washed,8. 在学习不定式中,我们需要注意些什么呢?,1.记住基本形式:,to do 否定: not to do,2. to do 是非谓语动词,没有人称和数的变化,不能充当谓语. 但可以和系动词构成系表结构.如: My dream is to be a doctor.,3.使役动词,接to do作宾语补足语时,必须省去to.如: Do you often see him play tennis on the playground?,4.充当后置定语时,要特别注意动词的不定式短语中介词要不要省去.如: The old man have no house to live in.,