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1、4状语从句状语从句分类:种类连接词注意区别:whe n/whe never/while/as/before/after/i nsta ntly/un til/till/by the time /as soon as/hardly? whe n/no sooner? tha n/the mome nt/the minu te/immediatelyas 禾口 when、while :有一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从as, when引导短暂性动作的动词。当从句的动作发生于主 句时间 状语句：the minute, the moment, every time, the first t
2、ime动作之前， 只能用 when引导这个从句，不可用as或 while例： The mome nt he reached the coun try, he started his从句表示随时间推移连词能用as，不用when或while。search.他 到达这个国家，就开始他的探寻工作。till/until和 not,till/until:有一些表示时间的副词也可用来引导时间状语从句：directly例: Directly the master came in, every one was quiet.until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。校长进来，大家就安静下来点状语where/
3、whereverwhere，表示某一个；wherever，表示任何一个。because 禾口 since、for、as、now that:because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回 答 why提出原因状语Because/as/s ince/now that/for的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们 所知，就用as或si nee。由 because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号， 则可以用 for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。now that都表示 既然” now that定要是现在发生的，since可以是现在，也可以是过去和现在。条件状语
4、(so) thaif/unless/once/in case/as long as/on condition thatt,/i n order that/for fear that/ in case/lestso that多用 般时态，如果表示 般将来的情况，就用 般现在时， 如果表示过去将来的情况，就用一般过去时。和 in order that 后常接 may, should, could, would等情态 目的状语动词其规律由 so与such的不同词性决定。such是形容词，修饰结果状语so? that, such ? that名 词或名词词组 so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so
5、还可与表示数量的形容词ma ny, few, much, little 连用，形成固定搭配。比较一、八注Than/not so/as ? as/the more ? the moreYour watch is not the same as his.(the same a 纟苫构状语方式as if, as though, as, (iust)as-so，as if和as though弓导的从句 般用虚拟语气。状语Though/although/evenif/even though/ as/, no matter L rb 让步what/who/which/how/when， whatever/
6、whoeveras在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式；although和though用正状语/whichever/however/whenever，whether-or-(不管-都)常语序，可和 yet连用，但不可和but连用时间状语从句:when （当？ ？ 的时候 before （在？ ？ 之前） as soon as （ 一 ？ ？ 就？ 就）地点状语从句： 原因状语从句： 目的状语从句： 结果状语从句：while （在？since （自从?） after （在？期间）? 以来）? 之后）（当？ ？的时候一边？ 一边？）hardly ? when ?刚？ ？就） 才） no sooner ?
7、than 刚?astill/until （ 直到）not ？ till/until （直到？where （在那里）because （因为）（so） that=in order that（以便）so asso+adj./adv.+that （如此？以致）wherever（since （因为，既然 ）无论哪里）as （由于）（not） to （so thatfor （为了以便不）（结果？now that （既然） in case （以免）lest （以免）让步状语从句:that （所以，因此）such+n.+that （如果？ ？以致） though/although 不可同 but 连用。比状语
8、从句：asthough/although （虽然）no matter+what/which/where/who/whe n =whatever/whichever/wherever/whoever/whe never不论什么哪一个/哪里何时）as? as （和？ ？however（可是）even though/if （即使）（正如）一样）not as/soa（不如？）than （比？更）条件状语从句:方式状语从句:the+比级if （假设）as （像？ ？ 那样地）+the+比级（越？ ？unless （如果不）just as （正像）越？ ？）so long as （只要）on con di
9、ti on thatas if （好像）as though （好像）（如果）r=.J二 when/while/as/once/whenever引导的时间状语从句r=二if/unless 引导的条件状语从句由二 though/although/even though/even if弓丨导的让步状语从句状语从当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，且谓语动词为 be，常省句 由because引导的原因状语从句略从句的主语和谓语be.由wherever引导的地点状语从句1. 以after和before引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于after/before+doing sth.作状语。例：
10、After she sang , she left the rich mans house .= After singing , she left the rich mans house .2. 以as soon as引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于on+doing sth.,作状语， 此时的动词为I延性动词例： Mary bega n to operate on the woun ded soldiers as soon as he arrived at the villa.ge=Mary bega n to operate on the woun ded soldiers
11、on arriv ing at the villag.e3 .时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主语和主句主语一致时，有时可简化为不定式作状语。例： She stopped whe n she saw her husba nd = She stopped to see her husba n . dIf you want to understand the farmers , you must go to the countryside .=To understand the farmer , you must go to the countryside .4 .结果状语从句和目的状语从句的主语与主
12、句主语一致时，可以简化为不定式作状语；若两者主语不一致时，则应简化为不定式的复作状语。例： He was so tired that he could nt go any furthe r = He was too tired to go any furtherI came here so that I could ask some questi on .s= I came here（i n order） to ask some questi on.s5.以when , while引导的时间状语从句和以if引导的条件状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于 when/while/if +do
13、ing sth.作状语，表示谓语动作发生在该状语动作的进行中例： When he turned on the radio , he found it broken . = When turning on the radio , he found it broken .While she was walking along the stree t she was hit by a ca . = While walking along the street , shewas hit by a car .6 原因状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可简化为分 词语作状语4状语从句例： Since I d
14、id nt know Chi nese , I tried to speak to her in En glish . = Not knowing Chi nese , I tried to speak to her in English .注意：形容词短语也可作表示原因的状语，来代替原因状语从句，放在句首、句末均可，但一般 应加逗号。例: As he was thirsty and eager to get a little res ，he went into the tea-house .=Thirsty and eager to get a little res t he went in
15、to the tea-house .7 在时间原因、条件等状语从句中， 若从句和主句主语不一致时，可简化为分词复合结构乍状语。有时也可简化为with/without名词或代词H分词（短语）形式作状语。例: When the film start appeared, the children got exited . = The film start appearing , the children got exited .If all the work is done, you can have a res.t = With all the work done , you can have a
16、 res .Noth ing can live if there is no air . = Noth ing can live without air .8.让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可简化为分词短语作状语；不一致时，常简化为 with或in spite of介词短语作状语。例: Although he faced his death , he did nt say any thi ng before the enem y=Fac ing the death , he did nt say anything before the en emy.Although there was
17、dange r he rushed out to carry the boy to safet y=In spite of dan ger , he rushed out to carry the boy to safet y三.表示一 ?就？的结构hardly/scarcely, when/before, no soone,r than 禾口 as soon as 都可以表示 一,就,的意思，例: I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.I had no sooner got home tha n it bega n to
18、 rain.As soon as I got home, it bega n to rain.注意：如果 hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构：Hardly / Scarcely had I got home whe n it bega n to rain.No sooner had I got home tha n it bega n to rain.四.As引导的让步状语从句的倒装：1.形容词+as+主语+系动词：例：Tired as he is, he offers to help me.尽管他已经很累了，他还是主动提出帮助我。2 .过去分词
19、+as+主语+系动词：例: Well-known as the book is, the author is not satisfied and prepared to revise it.尽管这本书写得很好作者还是不满意并打算修改它。3 .名词+as+主语+系动词：例：Stude nt as he is, he does not study hard.他虽然是个学生，但却不努力学习。4 副词+as+主语+谓语部分：例: Much as I admire his courage, I don f think he acted wisely.我虽然钦佩他的勇气，但我认为他这样做是不明智的5.动词原形+as+主语+谓语的剩余部分：例：Try as you will , you won f be able to persuade him.不管你怎么努力，你都说服不了他。