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1、Conversion-an important technique,转换法,几种主要的转换方式,Conversion of word classes词类转换 Conversion of sentence components句子成分转换 Conversion of expressions表达方式转换 Conversion from natural word order to inverted word order自然语序与倒装语序转换 Conversion from positive expressions to negative expressions正面表达与反面表达转换 Conversi
2、on from active voice to passive voice主动语态与被动语态转换 Conversion of clauses分句转换,词类转换（一）(V. N., Prep., Adj., Adv.),将汉语动词转换为英语名词、介词、形容词或副词（英语句常只用一个谓语而将其他动作用名词，介词短语、形容词或副词来表达。） v. n.将汉语中动词转化为英语中由动词派生的名词（settlement, exploitation, acknowledgement, refusal），具有动词意义的名词(sight, sound, glance, wave)，以及加er后缀表职业或身份的名
3、词(teacher, forgiver，thinker)等,由动词派生的名词,火箭已经用来探索宇宙。 Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 熟知/读一点世界史，对学习时事很有帮助。 An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs. 无论什么事情，只要他一露面就办成了。 His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph.,含有动作意味
4、的名词,从这里可以看到富士山。 A view of Mt. Fuji can be obtained from here. 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，我就特别神往。 The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.,加er后缀的名词,和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。 Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young mans past wrong doings. 他不抽烟，但他父亲却一支又一支地抽个不停
5、。 He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker. 他经常光顾这家饭馆。 He is a regular visitor to this restaurant.,Exercises,有效地识别和验证客户身份是保护投资者和维护市场公正的必要举措。 Effective client identification and verification procedures are necessary to protect investors and to maintain the integrity of the markets.,自然人的客户身份识
6、别基本原则同样适用于所有机构客户。 The underlying principles of customer identification for natural persons have equal application to customer identification for all institutions.,动词转化为介词,此类介词常含有动作意味如：for, to, in, on, across, past, toward等。 他们吃简陋的食物，住寒冷的窑洞，靠/借微弱的灯光长时间地工作。 They worked long hours on meager food, in co
7、ld caves, by dim lamps. 他们沿着大街走去，经过许多商店，穿过一个大广场，然后走进了一座大厦。 Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then entered a huge building.,动词转换为形容词,汉语中的动词常转译为英语中表知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词如：confident, cautious, ashamed, grateful等，用在be+adj.结构中： 他们不满足于他们现有的成就。 They were not content with their pr
8、esent achievements. 他们不信任他，讨厌他。 They were suspicious and resentful of him.,动词转换为副词,他回来时收音机还开着。 她打开窗，让新鲜空气进来。 工人们罢工了。 When he went back , the radio was still on. She open the window to let fresh air in. The workers are out.,v. n. v. adj. adv.,1、名词常转译为由名词派生的动词。 他早期绘画的特点是色彩鲜明，笔法粗犷。 Bright colours and b
9、old strokes characterize his early paintings. 那天他们和陪同人员去参观了中国的长城。 On that day they were escorted to the Great Wall of China.,2.有些结构中的名词如“受（遭）到名词”或“予（加）以名词”转译为被动句中的动词 他作为一名明星的形象，已遭到严重玷污。 His image as a famous star, was badly tarnished. 他受到那边高级官员的冷遇。 His was snuffed by the top-ranking officials there.
10、,3.名词转译为在the+adj.结构中表一类人的形容词。 他们将为盲人和聋人修建一所学校。 They are going to build a school for the blind and the deaf. 罗宾汉和他的同伴们劫富济贫。 Robin Hood and his merry men robbed the rich to help the poor,4.名词转译为副词 他身体很柔弱，但精神很坚强。 He is physically weak but mentally sound. 可是他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得好。 They have not done so wel
11、l ideologically, however, as organizationally.,adj. n. adv.,1.形容词常转译为由形容词派生的名词 勤奋和才智对于获得成功是颇为重要的。 Diligence and intelligence are of considerable importance to your success. 我认识到，通过中间人和他们打交道是愚蠢的。 I recognized the absurdity of dealing with them through intermediaries.,2.形容词常转译为名词前加不定冠词做表语,我星期六还得上班，真讨厌
12、。 Its such a nuisance that Ive got to work on Saturday. 他对这座城市非常陌生，所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助。 As he was a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help. 独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。 Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.,3.形容词转译为修饰动词的副词,总统为这次出访做了十分周密的准备。 The president had prepare
13、d meticulously for his journey. 淡淡的太阳从海面升起。 The sun rose thinly from the sea. 他们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。 Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them.,adv. Adj. n.,到处在热烈地讨论他的成就。 Warm discussions arose on every corner as to his achievements 这完全是胡说。 This is sheer nonsense. 我很荣幸地告知你,你获奖了。 I have the honor to inform you that you have won the prize。,Thanks!,