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1、1,by+v-ing形式,Grammar Book 4 mdoule 4,2,1.by+v-ing意为“通过.,靠.,凭.,”可用来表示方法。,He earns his living by selling old books. He gained his wealth by printing works of famous writers.,3,2.by+v-ing形式常用来回答 Could you tell me how to.或How can I.之类的句子。 -Could you tell me how to fix the mistakes? -By brushing this liq
2、uid. 用修正液刷。,4,“by+地点名词”表方位，意为“在.旁边”。 如by the lake/river/tree/window/door等。 eg.She stopped to rest on a big rock by the side of the path. 她停下来在路边的一块大石头上休息。,5,“by+时间名词”意为“到.时(已发生某事)，最晚，不迟于.，在.之前”,此时谓语多用完成时。 如by now/then/next Friday/the end of./three oclock等。 eg. By the end of last year,we had learned 4,000 words.,6,5.涉及交通工具的名词前可用by,但名词需用单数，其前不加冠词或任何修饰语。 如by bus/taix/plane/ship/boat/train等。 eg.I uauslly go to school by bus.,7,6.by与the连用，后接时间或度量单位。 eg.He got paid by the hour. 7.by 表程度或数量 eg.They lost the match by one goal. 他们以一分之差输掉了比赛。,8,Thank you,