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1、湖南工业大学课 程 设 计资 料 袋 机械工程学院 学院（系、部） 2014 学年第 2 学期 课程名称 机械原理课程设计 指导教师 XXX 职称 教授 学生姓名 XXX 专业班级 XXX 学号 XXX 题 目 自动盖章机的设计 成 绩 起止日期 2014年 5 月 22 日 2014年 6 月18 日目 录 清 单序号材 料 名 称资料数量备 注1课程设计任务书12课程设计说明书13课程设计图纸若干张456机 械 原 理设计说明书自动盖章机起止日期： 2014 年 5 月 22 日 至2014年 6月18 日学生姓名XXX班级XXX学号XXX成绩指导教师(签字) 机械工程学院（部） 2014
2、年 6 月18 日目录0.设计任务书-41. 功能分解-42. 机构的选用-53. 机构的组合-54. 方案详述-135. 机构的设计-146.传动方案设计-197. 总结-218参考资料-22湖南工业大学课程设计任务书2013 2014 学年第 2 学期 机械工程 学院（系、部） 机械 专业 XXX 班级课程名称： 机械原理课程设计 设计题目： 自动盖章机的设计 完成期限：自 2014 年 5月 22日至 2014 年 6月 18日共 4 周内容及任务 设计任务(1) 可采用目前传统印章（不用印泥），适用于常用的几种办公印章结构形状；(2) 实现在单页A3 ,B4，B5纸上盖章，纸的厚度为常
3、见厚度，最大容许装纸量不少于100张；(3) 纸面盖章位置可任意调节；(4) 每分钟盖章次数不少于10页；(5) 电源电压为220V；(6) 对于工作中出现的非正常情况或危险情况具有保护措施；(7) 适合于桌面工作，操作简单安全，盖章质量可靠，工作噪音低，结构轻巧，外形美观。 设计提示（1） 将纸盒中的一叠纸分成单页的方法很多，如靠机械推拉，离心力，摩擦力，静电等分离纸张。（2） 在盖章的瞬间要求纸静止；因此，纸的输送机构应含有间歇运动机构。进度安排起止日期工作内容5.22-5.30构思该机械运动方案6.1-6.15运动分析及作图6.15-6.18整理说明书与答辩主要参考资料1 朱理机械原理北
4、京：高等教育出版社，2008：15-2002 邹慧君机械原理课程设计北京：高等教育出版社，2009：15-250指导教师： XXX 2014年6 月18 日一、功能分解为了实现在纸盒上自动打印记号的总功能，可将总功能分解为如下功能：纸盒送到盖章的工位的功能；纸盒在盖章工位定位功能；盖章机的盖章功能；盖章后的输出功能二、机构的选用根据前述设计要求，并且根据技术、经济及相容性要求，确定运动的执行元件纸张输送机构，定位机构，盖章机构，输送机构，选用相应的机构来实现各项运动的功能，。自动盖章机的机构选型功能执行构件工艺动作执行机构输送纸张纸张输送机构水平往复运动凸轮机构连杆机构纸盒定位定位机构垂直间歇
5、往复运动凸轮机构连杆机构盖章盖章机构铅直间歇往复运动凸轮机构连杆机构纸张输送输送机构垂直间歇往复运动凸轮机构连杆机构3、 机构组合纸张输送机构备选方案一：机构特点：此方案采用凸轮机构+摇杆滑块机构，当凸轮的旋转时，推杆将绕支架摆动，从而带动滑块在来回运摆动。通过将凸轮的旋转运动转换成滑块的有急回运动的间歇往复运动来实现间歇送料的目的。优点：凸轮的使用容易实现预期的运动规律，滑块急回运动不明显，对纸盒的冲击小。缺点：凸轮的旋转运动导致摇杆的摆动角度较小，滑块行程较短，对纸盒的撞击速度不大，极易导致不能使纸盒送到预订的打印工位，工作效率低。备选方案二：机构特点：此方案采用曲柄滑块机构，当曲柄等速转
6、动时，从动件变速往复摆动，该机构可在曲柄长度一定的情况下，使执行构件滑块获得较大的行程。通过将轴的旋转运动转换成滑块的有急回特性的往复移动，可实现间歇送料的功能。优点：均为低副，其运动副元素为面接触，压力较小，承载能力较大，润滑好，磨损小，加工制造容易，且连杆机构中的低副一般是几何封闭，对保证工作的可靠有利。此机构中滑块在两个极限位置时其瞬时速度为零，避免了当把纸盒送到工位出产生机械上的冲击，从而避免了对纸盒的损害。此机构被设置成偏置的，能实现快进慢回或慢进快回的运动特性。此设计中我们选择快进慢回的运动特性。缺点：机构的类型数据需精确，不然会对纸盒产生冲击。定位机构：备选方案一：构特点：此方案
7、通过上置的凸轮机构，推动滚子导杆，控制定位杆的伸出或缩进，从而控制物块运动或静止。 优点：凸轮机构可以实现各种复杂的运动要求，而且结构简单、紧凑。易于控制，导杆的长度可以自由设定，凸轮的行程不致太大，便于加工制造。还可以控制输出，作为输出机构。缺点：需要弹簧的拉伸才能保证推杆紧贴凸轮运动，有一定的能量损失。备选方案二：机构特点：此方案采用凸轮+连杆机构，通过将凸轮的旋转运动转换成定位杆的垂直方向的往复运动，从而实现对工件进行定位的目的。优点：机构简单，便于制造，节约成本。由于凸轮的近休和远休位置，可以在定位时停留一段时间，保证了打印的精度，避免了打印时物块移动导致的打印不清晰或打印不明显的现象
8、。缺点：这样的凸轮制造难度较大，而且易磨损，容易损坏凸轮，需经常更换，也就增加了成本。凸轮的行程较大时，才能保证打印头远离工件一定的距离。盖章机构：备选方案一：机构特点：此机构由推杆滚子凸轮、弹簧和连杆等构成。在此机构中，通过凸轮+连杆机构将转轴的旋转运动转换成连杆的往复摆动，从而实现打印功能。 优点：机构传动路线较短，打印时可以产生一定的间歇，打印更清晰准确；通过主轴即可带动打印，改变凸轮廓线即可改变打印时间，易于控制；加工简单。 缺点：打印时占用空间较大，也需弹簧拉伸作用使滚子推杆紧贴凸轮运动。凸轮的行程不大时，打印时距离工件较小，形成较大时，凸轮尺寸较大，占用空间较多。打印头下部需装有重
9、物，使打印头垂直打印，否则打印时会出现摩擦痕迹。尺寸计算时有一定困难。备选方案二：机构特点：此方案采用凸轮连杆机构，将凸轮的旋转运动转换成打印杆的垂直方向的往复运动，从而实现对机构进行打印的目的。优点：机构简单，便于制造，节约成本。由于凸轮的近休和远休位置，可以在打印时停留一段时间，保证了打印的清晰度，避免了打印时一闪而过的打印不清晰或打印不明显的现象。这样的凸轮制造难度过不大，且不易磨损，也就不需要高强度的合金，节约了成本。凸轮的行程不用很大，就能保证打印头远离工件一定的距离。缺点：需要弹簧的拉伸才能保证推杆紧贴凸轮运动，有一定的能量损失。输送机构：备选方案一：机构特点：此方案的输出采用凸轮
10、+连杆机构，通过将凸轮的旋转运动转换成连杆的旋转摆动，来实现输出的目的。优点：机构传动路线短，输出的速度相对较快。缺点：机构的杆件形状较为复杂，计算较为困难，易出现打印位置不水平，使打印出现偏差。杆件需要完全的刚性，连接时也需要较紧，不能有错位。杆件的分布设置难度较大，杆件的强度要求也较大。备选方案二：机构特点：此方案通过上置的凸轮机构，推动滚子导杆，控制定位杆的伸出或缩进，从而控制物块运动或静止。 优点：凸轮机构可以实现各种复杂的运动要求，而且结构简单、紧凑。易于控制，导杆的长度可以自由设定，凸轮的行程不致太大，便于加工制造。缺点：需要弹簧的拉伸才能保证推杆紧贴凸轮运动，有一定的能量损失。4
11、、 方案详述确定最终传动方案及确定原因最终方案：选择原因：1）齿轮传动机构较为稳定，传动比稳定。2）盖章处印章升程较小，根据杠杆原理采用凸轮机构连接杆组较为合适。3) 纸张输送处用偏置曲柄滑块机构有急回特性，曲柄的回转中心位于滑块导路上方，这样可以实现，快速送料，慢速返回的性能，且能保证送料行程的距离。当滑块把纸盒送到工位之前滑块的运动速度是逐渐减小的而且送到工位时的瞬时速度为零，从而减少了机械冲击对纸盒损害。4) 用凸轮机构连接三角形推块，可同时实现输出物料和固定当前印盖物料，节省空间，简化机构.5）机构简单成本较低且易于装配。五、机构设计： 纸张输送机构：曲柄滑块尺寸确定：在本机构中设置行
12、程速比系数K=2，偏距e=50mm，滑块行程为120mnm。由公式可以求得，该曲柄滑块的极位夹角，用作图法求出曲柄AB，连杆BC的长度，：步骤一：作出行程长=120mm，作的垂直平分线，以的长为半径画圆，与垂直平分线交于点D，作D的外接圆，则在圆上的任意对应角为步骤二：，过点作与距离为50mm的直线与圆交于点A，连接、,以A为圆心，为半径交于点E。步骤三：作的垂直平分线，量取1/2的长度，以A为圆心画圆，交于点，交的延长线于点。步骤四：量取的长度即为连杆BC的长度，的长度即为曲柄AB的长度。AB=43mm,BC=94mm。因送料机构为曲柄滑块机构，从动齿轮充当曲柄，所以从动锥齿轮的直径不少于8
13、6mm,即从动锥齿轮的齿数不可少于29 , party implementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of for the people pragmatic honest people as the theme, in car
14、rying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulations and The opposition party and government austerity waste
15、regulations , double section provincial regulations, municipal provisions of the twelve plan and the implementation measures for on improving the work style of close ties with the masses law, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonis
16、m and wasteful extravagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party members and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to close, honest and pragmatic p
17、eople honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of the building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of the county and county construction.In educational practice activities of t
18、he unit is mainly: the county and below county departments under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non-public economic organizations, social organizations and other grass-roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit,
19、 follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cadres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window units, service industry, educatio
20、nal practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community education activities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the partys education.Al
21、ways speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay more attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to
22、 open the door, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cooperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice is not empty is not empty is not parti
23、al, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the countys education practice is to seize against four wind this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadership and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale b
24、ehavior to a large scale investigation, overhaul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attention to solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong laz
25、y luxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve the style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus on solving the four winds outstanding issues
26、The central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres of key performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in image project, political project, a leadership guide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county
27、. The units directly under the heavy focus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, something difficul
28、t, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, street The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three)
29、vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand,
30、 the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective
31、integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval pr
32、ocedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and
33、 training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same ti
34、me, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization an
35、d upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial inv