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1、哈尔滨商业大学毕业设计（论文）酶法制备高麦芽糖浆的研究学 生 姓 名 指 导 教 师 专 业 学 院 年 月 日Graduation Project (Thesis)Harbin University of CommerceStudy on the Production of High Maltose Syrup by EnzymeStudent Supervisor Specialty School 201x -0x- x x摘要以马铃薯淀粉和玉米淀粉为原料，制备高麦芽糖浆。对马铃薯淀粉和玉米淀粉的液化情况进行了比较，研究表明马铃薯淀粉在液化过程中比玉米淀粉容易被液化酶水解，在较短时间内DE
2、值即可达到实验要求。采用正交实验设计，以耐高温-淀粉酶为液化酶，进行液化，得到了最佳液化条件。 。关键词：高麦芽糖浆；耐高温-淀粉酶；-淀粉酶AbstractUsing starch and cornstarch, respectively, high maltose syrup was made. The liquefaction of potato starch and cornstarch was compared. The results showed that the potato starch could easily be hydrolyzed with enzymes than
3、 cornstarch. The ideal DE value was got in short time. By orthogonal test, the liquefaction of potato starch was studied and the optional liquefaction by using heat-stable -amylase was obtained，。Key Words： high maltose syrup； heat-stable -amylase； -amylase目 录摘要IAbstractII1绪 论11.1高麦芽糖浆的研究与应用11.1.1麦芽糖
4、浆的分类11.1.2高麦芽糖浆的应用11.2高麦芽糖浆国内外的研究现状11.2.1高麦芽糖浆的生产发展11.2.2马铃薯淀粉方面的研究11.3本课题的来源及研究的意义11.3.1本课题来源11.3.2研究的目的意义12实验部分22.1 实验仪器22.2 实验材料23结果与讨论33.1单因素实验33.1.1温度对淀粉液化的影响3结 论4参考文献5致谢6附录71 绪 论1.1 高麦芽糖浆的研究与应用1.1.1 麦芽糖浆的分类麦芽糖是由2个葡萄糖单位通过-1,4糖苷键连接而成的二糖，化学名称为4-O-D-六环葡萄糖基-D-六环葡萄糖，其结构式见图1-1。 1.1.2 高麦芽糖浆的应用麦芽糖是一种营养
5、性双糖，而麦芽糖含量达60%以上的高麦芽糖浆不仅能较好地反映出麦芽糖的性能，还有其独特的功能特性3。高麦芽糖浆葡萄糖含量低，无色透明，具有甜度低、抗结晶性好、吸湿性低，并具有良好的热稳定性，因此被广泛的应用于食品、制药等行业中。1.2 高麦芽糖浆国内外的研究现状1.2.1 高麦芽糖浆的生产发展大约在3000年前，古代中国首先发明了用麦芽汁水解米中的淀粉生产饴糖的工艺。 1.2.2 马铃薯淀粉方面的研究1.3 本课题的来源及研究的意义1.3.1 本课题来源1.3.2 研究的目的意义2 实验部分2.1 实验仪器 2.2 实验材料 表2-1 葡萄糖标准溶液配比编 号葡萄糖含量/mg葡萄糖液量/ml蒸
6、馏水量/mlDNS液量/ml10.10.10.41.520.20.20.31.530.30.30.21.540.40.40.11.550.50.501.5 3 结果与讨论3.1 单因素实验3.1.1 温度对淀粉液化的影响， 结 论以马铃薯淀粉为原料，应用酶制剂生产高麦芽糖浆的研究，得到以下结论：淀粉的酶解分为液化和糖化两个过程。液化液的DE值大小影响最后麦芽糖的得率，一般较低DE值可提高麦芽糖产率，但DE值过低，液化不彻底，糊精和低聚糖生成较多，不利于提高麦芽糖的含量和糖化液的过滤及精制。实验证明，当DE值达10%左右时，麦芽糖含量可达到高麦芽糖浆的生产要求。参考文献1 柴宝华 酶法制糖技术的
7、发展J 淀粉与淀粉糖，2000，(2)：132 刘汉文，丁志香，颜洪 酶法小麦粗淀粉生产高麦芽糖浆工艺研究J 食品 科学1999，20(3)：42443 黄志蕙 高麦芽糖浆的生产与应用J 中国调味品1998，(2)：8104 王志民 甘薯淀粉高麦芽糖浆的生产技术与应用J 食品科技1998，(5)：30315 Gaouar OProduction of maltose syrup by bioconversion of cassava starch in an ultrafiltration reactor Industrial Crops and Products J 1998，(7)：159
8、1676 Craig S ，David F Photo catalytic degradation contaminants mechanisms involving hydroxyl radical attack J Journal of Catalysis1990, 122(1) ：1781927 张洪薇酶法制备高麦芽糖浆的研究 D 哈尔滨：哈尔滨商业大学2004, 15208 胡国华食品添加剂应用基础M 北京：化学工业出版社2005,1021329 陈平,尤宏,罗薇楠等TiO2光催化反应器的研究J 哈尔滨商业大学 报 2003,19(2) ：238243致谢感谢导师XXX教授的指导，感谢
9、XXX副教授、XXX在进行毕业论文工作中所给予的帮助。附录Emloyment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees. You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have
10、been dismissed unfairly. For more informu, take advice from one of the organisations listed underFurther help. Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. Most people find making a claim
11、 to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed underFurther help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seeDismissal. You can make a claim to an employment tribun
12、al, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal. Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment t
13、ribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i. If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribu
14、nal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as adamages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.youre clear about the terms of the a
15、greement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, click onnearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeEmployment tribunals.The (
16、lack of) air up there Watch m Cay man Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet
17、 Ya ya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs gover
18、ning body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA.Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty i
19、n his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twen
20、ty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字开头的年龄已经到了尾声。或许是愧疚于自己似乎把转瞬即逝的很多个不同的日子过成了同一天的样子；或许是追溯过去，对自己那些近乎偏执的怪异信念的醒悟，这些天以来，思绪一直很凌乱，在脑海中不断纠缠。总觉得自己似乎应该去做点什么，或者写点什么。二十年的人生轨迹深深浅浅，突然就感觉到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而穷尽我们的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正
21、地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his
22、 writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the thr
23、oat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年时，觉得压岁钱和新衣服是过年必备，但是随着年龄的推进，会越来越发现，那些东西根本就可有可无；初中时，以为要有一场暗恋才意味着真正的成长，但三年过去后，自己心平气和的写同学录的时候，突然就发现是不是真正的成长了，好像并没有那么重要了；然后到了高中，觉得非要吐露出自己的
24、心声才能为高中生涯里的懵懂情愫划上一个句点，但毕业晚会的时候最终还是被梗塞在了咽喉，后来再次站在他曾经挥汗如雨的球场，看着他投过篮球的球框时，突然间发现自己已经想不起他的容颜。Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原来，这个世界上，对某个事件能产生化学反应的，除了非做不可的坚决，还有，时间。A persons time, your ideas are always special to clear.
25、Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just gr
26、een years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一个人的时候，自己的想法总是特别地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明确，好像没有什么可以撼动自己。也曾经好像已经下定了决心去做某件事，但更多的时候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌恶过自己的怯懦，最终却发现有很多缘分，有很多错过，好像冥冥之中真的已经注定。那些曾经所谓的非做不可，只是青葱年华里自己给自己注射的一支强心剂，或者说，是自以为是的精神寄托罢了。At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fres
27、h factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; Have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. Those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end
28、in our life.此刻，天空是阴暗的，空气里有着刚下过雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件蓝格子衬衫；那些被折成各种各样形状的信纸；那段从街角深巷伊始的友谊；还有那场还没有开始就宣告了终结的邂逅计划那些年那些天的非做不可，终于和青春一样，都将在我们的人生中谢幕。Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than
29、 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting ev
30、en higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence. We often close ourselves off when traumatic events happen in our lives; instead of letting th
31、e world soften us, we let it drive us deeper into ourselves. We try to deflect the hurt and pain by pretending it doesnt exist, but although we can try this all we want, in the end, we cant hide from ourselves. We need to learn to open our hearts to the potentials of life and let the world soften us
32、.生活发生不幸时，我们常常会关上心门；世界不仅没能慰藉我们，反倒使我们更加消沉。我们假装一切仿佛都不曾发生，以此试图忘却伤痛，可就算隐藏得再好，最终也还是骗不了自己。既然如此，何不尝试打开心门，拥抱生活中的各种可能，让世界感化我们呢？Whenever we start to let our fears and seriousness get the best of us, we should take a step back and re-evaluate our behavior. The items listed below are six ways you can open your h
33、eart more fully and completely.当恐惧与焦虑来袭时，我们应该退后一步，重新反思自己的言行。下面六个方法有助于你更完满透彻地敞开心扉。Whenever a painful situation arises in your life, try to embrace it instead of running away or trying to mask the hurt. When the sadness strikes, take a deep breath and lean into it. When we run away from sadness thats
34、unfolding in our lives, it gets stronger and more real. We take an emotion thats fleeting and make it a solid event, instead of something that passes through us.当生活中出现痛苦的事情时，别再逃跑或隐藏痛苦，试着拥抱它吧；当悲伤来袭时，试着深呼吸，然后直面它。如果我们一味逃避生活中的悲伤，悲伤只会变得更强烈更真实悲伤原本只是稍纵即逝的情绪，我们却固执地耿耿于怀By utilizing our breath we soften our e
35、xperiences. If we dam them up, our lives will stagnate, but when we keep them flowing, we allow more newness and greater experiences to blossom.深呼吸能减缓我们的感受。屏住呼吸，生活停滞；呼出呼吸，更多新奇与经历又将拉开序幕。2. Embrace the uncomfortable We all know what that twinge of anxiety feels like. We know how fear feels in our bodi
36、es: the tension in our necks, the tightness in our stomachs, etc. We can practice leaning into these feelings of discomfort and let them show us where we need to go.我们都经历过焦灼的煎熬感，也都感受过恐惧造成的生理反应：脖子僵硬、胃酸翻腾。其实，我们有能力面对这些痛苦的感受，从中领悟到出路。The initial impulse is to run away to try and suppress these feelings b
37、y not acknowledging them. When we do this, we close ourselves off to the parts of our lives that we need to experience most. The next time you have this feeling of being truly uncomfortable, do yourself a favor and lean into the feeling. Act in spite of the fear.我们的第一反应总是逃避以为否认不安情绪的存在就能万事大吉，可这也恰好妨碍了
38、我们经历最需要的生活体验。下次感到不安时，不管有多害怕，也请试着勇敢面对吧。3. Ask your heart what it wants倾听内心Were often confused at the next step to take, making pros and cons lists until our eyes bleed and our brains are sore. Instead of always taking this approach, what if we engaged a new part of ourselves that isnt usually involve
39、d in the decision making process?我们常对未来犹疑不定，反复考虑利弊直到身心俱疲。与其一味顾虑重重，不如从局外人的角度看待决策之事。From: http:/ supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weatheThe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Ol
40、ympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end. Skydive
41、r preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he go
42、es too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters). In order to deploy this chute s
43、uccessfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).cause there