《高考过去分词用法（高考预测）.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考过去分词用法（高考预测）.doc（9页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、高考过去分词用法（高考预测）【原创精品】非谓语是高中语法中的重点和难点项目，也是高考的重点、必考点，过去分词是考查热点之一。 一、过去分词作状语（考查较多）、弄清过去分此作状语的最基本特点，过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。例如：Written in a hurry, this article was not so good!导悟：written为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写。再如：Given better attention, the plants could grow better.提醒：有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，
2、作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost（迷路）；seated（坐）；hidden（躲）；stationed（驻扎）；lost/absorbed in（沉于）；born（出身于）；dressed in（穿着）；tired of（厌烦）。Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.因沉迷于思考之中，所以他没有听到那个声音。Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿意离开它。、明确过去分词作状语时的逻辑主语，过去分词作状语时
3、其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。例-1：_the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4 1996,6) A. Believed B.Believing C.Believed D.Being believed本句意思为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。因此，应用现在分词，答案为B.例-2：He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the n
4、ews of his mothers illness.导悟：分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。例-3：Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.导悟：given为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语I，即I被再给一小时。例-4：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.导悟：seen为过去分词作状语，表“被看”，由语境可知，它的逻辑主语必须是城市，而不是“我们”，
5、因为“我们”应主动看城市。 提醒：如果过去分词作状语时，前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构。 如：The signal given, the bus started.信号一发出，汽车就开动了。导悟：the signal是given的逻辑主语，因此主句的主语the bus就不是given的逻辑主语。、过去分词作状语的由来，过去分词作状语来源于状语从句。和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。例-1：Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. （表原因）因为
6、淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。导悟：caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词作原因状语，它来源于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy rain.例-2：Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. （表时间）入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。例-3：Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.（表条件，相当于一个条件状
7、语从句） 和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。例-4：Though warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.(=Though they had been warned.) （表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句）例-5： Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. （表方式或伴随情况）我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。特别提醒-1：状语从句改为过去分次有时还可保留连词，构成“连词+过
8、去分词”结构作状语。“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)过去分词”结构。Once recovered, he threw himself to work and made every effort to do it well. When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.特别提醒-2：过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。例如：When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时，他沉默
9、不语。特别提醒-3：确过去分词作状语的位置。过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面常用逗号隔开：也可放在主句后面，前面用逗号与主句隔开。如；He stood there silently , moved to tears.= Moved to tears, he stood there silently.特别提醒-4：熟悉与高考链接情况，明确高考考查重点。二、过去分词作表语过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，表示主语的感受（感情）或心理状态，主语多为人。Dont touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。He is quite p
10、leased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。His response to the question was quite disappointing. I felt disappointed at his response.提醒：过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体，过去分词作表语表示主语的状态，被动语态则表示被动的动作。如：The road is covered with fallen leaves. （表状态）The road is covered by the fallen leaves. (表动作)特别提醒:过去分词和ing分词作表语
11、的区别：过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，如：Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. 听到那个消息，我们感到很惊讶The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.看到这么动人的情景，所有
12、在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished等。三、过去分词作宾补过去分词可以在allow, ask, consider
13、, desire, expect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, like, make, observe, order, permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge动词等后面作宾语补足语。能用作宾语补助语的过去分词一般都完成是及物动词，表示被动意义或已意义，有时两者兼而有之。作宾语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。例-1： My elder brother had her wallet stolen on a train last week.例
14、-2：They managed to make themselves understood using very simple English. （用于使役动词）例-3：We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.（用于感官动词）例-3：After my encounter with her, I found myself greatly shaken.例-4：You should keep her informed of what is going on here. （用于表状态的动词）例-5：The teacher expe
15、cted the students well prepared for the examination. 注意：在动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice，perceive，observe, listen to, look at后既可用现在分词做补语,也可用不定式做补语。用现在分词表示动作正在进行,用不定式表示的动作的全过程已经完成。如：*I saw Mr. White get off a bus.*I saw Mr. White looking into the shop window. *Do you hear someone knocking at the doo
16、r? Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.特别提醒-1： 动词have后所接的三种宾语补语。主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。have somebody/something do something 不定式作补语必须省去to, 不定式动作由宾语发出，表示一次性的动作。如：The radio she had had repaired went wrong. 她请人修的收音机坏了。表示“使完成某事”，可以是别人完成，也可以是自己参与完成。We must get the work fulfilled by the end of this week. 主
17、语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。Many people had their houses damaged in the serious typhoon（台风）.He had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。特别提醒-2：当这类句子变成被动语态时，过去分词用作主语补语。如：One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。They should be kept informed of the situation there. 应该让他们知道那
18、儿的形势。四、过去分词作定语过去分词作定语时，相当于一个定语从句。单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系（现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)。 例-1：My parents are both retired teachers.例-2：We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.例-3：As early as 1649 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must
19、be established in every town _50 households or more. A.havingB. to have C.to have had D.having had 导悟：答案为A。后面由现在分词做定语，而且town本身有50或以上人家，故town与分词间为主谓关系，应该用现在分词。 例-4：Most of the students invited to the garden party(=who were invited to the garden party) came from our school.例-5：The suggestion made by t
20、he foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。特别提醒:过去分词和ing分词作定语的区别：过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语：boiled water开水 boiling water正沸腾的水developed countries发展的国家 developing countries发展中国家fallen leaves落叶 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子changed condition改变了的情况 changing condition变化着的情况由此可见，过去分词作定语
21、通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。五、高考链接： 看一看高考是怎样考的？1. _ in the mountain for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.（05江苏卷）A. Having lostB. LostC. Being lostD. Losing2. _ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. （05湖南卷）A. DressedB. To dressC. Dressi
22、ngD. Having dressed3. When _ help, one often says“Thank you.”or“Its kind of you.” （05福建卷）A. offeringB. to offerC. to be offeredD. offered4_ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. （05上海卷） A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put5
23、You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it_ often enough. （05天津卷）A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained6The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _ vacation to China. (05北京卷) A. payingB. paidC. to be paidD. being paid7The repairs cost a lot ,but its mone
24、y well_.（05湖北卷）Ato spendBspentCbeing spent Dspending 8The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (04上海卷)A. recordedB. recordingC. to be recordedD. having recorded9.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. （04全国卷III）A. questioning
25、B. having questionedC. questionedD. to be questioned10.Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. （04全国卷II）A. making herself hearB. to make herself hearC. making herself heardD. to make herself heard一、能力提高练习：1.When the little child caught sight of the young woman _ in white he started brawli
26、ng immediately. A. worn B. wearing C. dressed D. putting on2.The author gave a detailed description _on his personal observation of natureA.basedB.to baseC.to be basedD. basing3._ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. having been followed by 4.Th
27、ese students are quick at learning Well have them in new methodsA.trainB.trainingC.trainedD.to train5. Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 6. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better.A. Given B. To give C. Giving D.
28、 Having given7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied8. The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened9. _ in thought, he almost ran into the
29、car in front of him.A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose10. The Olympic Games, _ in 776BC, didnt include women players until 1912.A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first played11. Dont get _ in the rain.A. to be caught B. catching C. to catch D. caught12. I found
30、 a car _ in a pool by the side of the road.A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick13. -By the way, when did you get your bedroom _ ? -Last week.A. to paint B. painted C. painting D. to be painted14. Through the examination one of the boys in the class was found _ by a(an)_ disease.A. infecting;
31、 knowing B. infected; unknown C. to be infected; to be known D. be infected; unknown15. They found a _ old woman _ on the ground when the door was broken down.A. dying, lying B. dead, lied C. death, laying D. died, lain16. On a _ morning the little girl was found _ at the corner of the street.A. fre
32、ezing, freezing B. freezing, frozen C. frozen, frozenD. frozen, freezing17. Were _ to listen to her _ voice. Its _ to hear her sing.A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasureC. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure18. When I came home last night, I saw my
33、 little kid _ on bed, with his whole attention _ upon the book about Harry Porrer.A. lying; fixingB. lay; fixedC. sitting; to fixD. seated; fixed19. _ from space, the earth, with water _ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.A. Seen, covered B. Seen, covering C. Seeing, covering D.
34、Seeing, covered 20. An _and _ crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star.A. excited; happy B. exciting; happy C. exciting; happily D. excitedly; happilykeys: 1-5 C A B C A 6-10 A D D C A 1115 D B D B A 16-20 B B B B A供稿人：山东 邵立华 地 址：山东宁阳第二中学（磁窑）高中英语教研室（06届高三英语备课组）邮 编：271411 e-mail: / 手 机：138538
35、91798二、过去分词迁移应用精练（高考仿真训练）1People cannot but feel _, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.A. puzzled B. delighted C. puzzling D. delighting2And there , almost _ in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.A. having lostB.
36、losingC. to be lostD. lost3. As the saying goes, friendship is like money: easier made than _.A. to be doneB. doingC. to keepD. kept4. _ in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.A. Being settledB. SettledC. Having settledD. Settling5. The girl is _ to be a good dancer if she well trained in a
37、n art school.A. gifted and promisedB. gifted and promisingC. gifting and promisingD. gift and promised6.You see this kind of products _, wherever you go in the city.A. advertisedB. being advertisingC. advertisingD. having advertised7. The traffic problem, which we are expecting _ , should have attra
38、cted the local governments attention.A. seeing to solveB. to see to solveC. to see solvedD. seeing solving8. _ of danger in the street at night, she had to stay all night, with no one _.A. Though warned; to talk withB. Having warned; talked aboutC. Warned; to talk toD. to warn; talking with9. _ , th
39、ese letters were difficult for me to read.A. To write in GermanB. Written in the German languageC. Having been written with GermanD. Being written in German10.This noon my boss replied _ the invitation _ before he went home.A. on; receivingB. to; receivedC. on; acceptedD. to; accepting11._ one of th
40、e leading poets in America today, Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of novels and plays.A. Considering beingB. ConsideredC. Having considered asD. To consider12.- Are all the names of your class _ here? - Yes, all _ those who are absent.A. listed; includedB. listing; includesC. listed; includi
41、ngD. being listed; being included13.The power station keeps the villages _ with electricity.A. suppliedB. to supplyC. supplyingD. having supplied14. The dog, _, will be made a good watchdog.A. to train properly B. being trained properly C. properly to train D. trained properly15It was getting dark;
42、I found a car _ in a pool by the side of the road. A. to be stuck B. stuck C. stickingD. stick16. The thief fell to the ground, his left foot _ and blood _ down from his mouth. A. breaking; runningB. broken; running C. breaking; run D. broken; run17. The program was so exciting that the children kep
43、t their eyes _ on the screen. A. to fix B. to be fixed C. fixed D. fixing18. - Did you get a dictionary? - No, I _, but there were not any _. A. tried; to be left B. had tried to; leaving C. tried to; left D. had tried; have left19. When he came to, he found himself _ on a chair, with his hands _ ba
44、ck. A. to sit; tying B. sitting; tying C. seating; tied D. seated; tied20. The joke told by Tom made us _, so the teacher couldnt make himself _. A. to laugh; hearingB. laughing; heardC. laughing; hear D. laughed; heard21. Seeing the soldiers well _ for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfaction. A. prepareB. preparing C. preparedD. having prepared22. Dont worry. Ill have it _ and get someone _ it to you tomorrow. A. typed; send B. to type; to send C. type; send