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1、初中英语定语从句讲解一.定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； 关系副词有where, when, why等。 关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。二.关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语和宾语 (1) The boys who are playing football are from class one. (2)
2、 Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.（3）The man who you met just now is my friend.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Jim is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) Jim is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my f
3、riend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year is one million. (6) Where is
4、the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose door is blue.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be rep
5、aired. (5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句1.关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) The school in which he once studied is very famous. (3) Tomorrow I will bri
6、ng here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. (5) Well go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. (6) Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, lo
7、ok after, take care of等 (1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (对) (2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (错)2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (对) (2) The man with who/that you talked is my frie
8、nd. (错) (3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (对) (4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (错)四关系副词引导的定语从句1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地点，在定语
9、从句中做地点状语 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived 10years ago is not here.3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1) The reason why/ for which he
10、refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he went to school he began to know what he wanted. (3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born. 注意:关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用，例如：Beijing is the place where (in which) I w
11、as born. 北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？五、限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况 1当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some 等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时 (1) Have you taken down everything that Jim ha
12、s said? (2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. (3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is little that I can do for you.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who (4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.2. 当先行词被序数词修饰 (1) The first place that they visited i
13、n London was the big ben.3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时(1) This is the best film that i have seen.4. 当形容词被the very, the only修饰时(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. (2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who (3) Wang Hua is the only person in our
14、school who will attend the meeting/5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时 (1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the t-shirt that fits me most?6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时 (1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?六、当先行次受such, the same修饰时，常用as (1) I have never heard such a s
15、tory as he tells.(2) He is not such a fool as he looks. (3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as 所引导的定语从句意思不同(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。 (5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。七、以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。 (1) The way in which/ that/ he answered the question was surprising.