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1、阅读理解之怎样做题：主旨大意题看首位，高屋建瓴一、题型解读及思维导向主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中常考的题型之一，主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。通常以概括文章或段落大意以及选择标题等形式出现。主旨大意题是阅读理解题中的高难度题，能够拉开考生的分数差距， 所以此类题目在高考试题中具有很好的选拔作用，属于能力型题目。主旨大意题一般分为三类，即标题归纳类 、文章大意类 和段落大意类 。二、命题区间及读文关注点1文首、段首、段尾句一般来说，阅读文章中第一段首句往往是强开弱收型文章中心思想的表达处；第二段首句或第一段尾句往往是转开弱收型文章的主题句所在；而有时每段的段首句、段尾句是该段的段落
2、主题句。因此，解答主旨大意题时要对这些地方多加关注。2转折信息点处尤其是段首的语义转折处， 常是考点。因为转折后面的内容往往是作者真实的基本观点或写作目的，而这又是文章中心思想的所在。3因果结论信息点处因果结论句也可以表现出作者的写作目的、观点或文章的主题， 因此要特别关注。表示因果关系的常用词汇有：reason, because, since, for, as, therefore,consequently, result in, due to, based on等，有时作者也通过先提出问题(why .)而后给予回答的方式阐释文章主题。4文尾结论句弱开强收型文章有明确的全文结论句， 作者在文
3、尾给出文章鲜明的观点和主题，因此这类文章的文尾是我们把握文章主题的必读之处。三、考题定向及设问方式解答主旨大意题时要抓住文章的首尾段和每一段的首尾句， 要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。1标题归纳类主旨大意题的主要设题形式What is the best title for this passage?Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? The title that best expresses the idea of the passage is_.The most suitable title of this p
4、assage is _.What would be the most suitable title for the text? The suitable title of the passage may be _.2文章大意类主旨大意题的主要设题形式The main purpose of the article is to show that _.What is the main idea of the passage?The writer of the passage wants to tell us that _.The passage is mainly about _.Which of
5、 the following can best summarize the passage?What is the subject discussed in the passage?What does the passage mainly deal with?3段落大意类主旨大意题的主要设题形式The main idea of the second paragraph is probably that _.What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with?What does the writer try to express in Paragr
6、aph 3?Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph 1?What is the main idea discussed in Paragraph 2?四、解题技巧及选项特征在解答这类题目时， 一般采用通篇略读法， 即对全文通篇速读， 舍弃无关紧要的细节，全力捕捉全文中心思想。重点关注首尾段和每一段落的首尾句。1主旨大意题正确选项的特征(1)涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。(2)确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。(3)精确性强，能恰当地表达原文的主题和中心思想。2主旨大意题干扰选项的特征(1)过于笼统，不知所云。所给选项内容概括的范围过
7、大，超出文章所述内容。(2)以偏概全，主次不分。所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别字词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。(3)移花接木，偷换概念。所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A 的内容放在 B 上，若不留神，极易选错答案。(4)无中生有，生搬硬套。所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。示例 (2016 浙江高考阅读 C)Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how c
8、hildren learn, but it also offers an inspiring look atscience and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world is simply something that comes from our babyhoo
9、d. Perhaps evolution (进化 ) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive (认知的 ) systems that make youngchildren feel good about figuring something out may have
10、been adopted by adultscientists. As some psychologists put it，“ It is not that children are little scientists butthat scientists are big children.”53 What is the main idea of the last paragraph?AThe world may be more clearly explained through children s play.BStudying babies play may lead to a bette
11、r understanding of science.CChildren may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.DOne s drive for scientific research may become strongeas he grows.分析：首先，根据题干可以确定此题为主旨大意题，考查段落的主旨大意。然后，根据读文关注点定位到原文中的第一句话“Viewing childhood developmentas a . look at science and scientists；.再由关注点 ” 转折信息处定位到本句话的后半部分 “but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists，此处用到了”转折连词 but 强调本部分内容， 故可知本段主要强调研究孩子们的游戏可能有助于更好地理解科学。所以B 项正确。 A 项表述不够确切，属于过于笼统，不知所云； C、D 两项文中未提及，属于无中生有，生搬硬套。