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1、Period 2 Grammar: Degrees of ComparisonTeaching procedures:Step 1. Lead-inPresent the Ss the following sentences on the Bb and ask them to discover what kind of degrees of comparison .Jack speak English as fluently as Tom. This school is better than that one. This book is more interesting than that
2、one.This room is less beautiful than that one.The weather is getting hotter and hotter.The harder you study, the more you will make progress. He works (the) hardest in his class.Then call the answers from the class.Answers: 1. 原级; 2 、3、4、5、6、均为. 比较级; 7. 最高级.Step 2. Grammar structureFirstly ask the S
3、s to make a summary about the structures of the degrees of comparison. Then check the answers.Answers：3 forms原级、比较级和最高级。Step 3. Detailed Notes about Grammar Usage原级的构成和用法1）构成：形容词和副词的原级形式是形容词和副词的原形。2）用法：当表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“ as+ 原级 adj./adv.+as ”的结构；当表示双方不相等时，用“ not as(so)+ 原级 adj./adv.+as ”的结构；当表
4、示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数+as+原级 adj./adv.+as ”的结构。例如：He is as tall as Jack. / I speak English as fluently as yYour bike is not as(so) new as hers.ou. This road is three times as long as that one.比较级和最高级的构成和用法1）构成：规则变化单音节形容词以及少数以er, or 结尾的形容词和副词加er ， est 例如：fast-faster-fastest; few-fewer-fewest; great-greate
5、r-greatest;clever-cleverer-cleverestnorrow-norrower-norrowest.以 e 结尾的单音节形容词和副词后以及少数以 -ble,-ple 结尾的双音节形容词和副词后，加 r ， st 例如：large-larger-largest, able-abler-ablest, simple-simpler-simplest以一个辅音结尾的单音节形容词，其前面的元音字母发短元音时，该辅音字母要双写，然后加 er ， est 例如：hot-hotter-hottest以辅音加 y 结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加ly 构成的副词要将 y改写为 i ，再加
6、 er ， est 例如：easy-easier-easiest,happy-happier-happiestearly-earlier-earliest一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前more 或 most例如：beautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful;carefully-morecarefully-most carefully少数单音节或双音节形容词也加more 和 most 构成比较级和最高级。例如：tired-moretired-mosttired;pleased-more pleased-mospleased;crowded-more cro
7、wded-most crowded不规则变化原级比较级最高级good, wellbetterbestbad, illworseworstmany, muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder(较老、较旧 ),oldest(最老、最旧 ) ，elder（较年长）eldest(最年长 )farfarter(较远的 ),farest （最远的）further( 进一步地 )furthest（最深刻地） 注意 辨析 few-fewer-fewest 和 little-less-least的差别 : 前者是规则变化，后者是不规则变化；前者用来修饰可数名词，后者用来修饰不可数名
8、词。2）用法：比较级的用法双方比较， 表示一方超过另一方时， 用“比较级 +than ”的结构表示。例如：This book is better than that one.表示一方不及另一方时， 用“ less +原级 adj./adv.+than ”的结构表示。例如：This room is less beautiful than that one. 表示一个方面随另一个方面的程度而变化时，用“ the + 比较级（ +主语 +谓语），the + 比较级（ +主语 +谓语）”的结构。例如：The harder he works, the happier he feels.The harde
9、r you study, the more knowledge you will get.表示自身程度的改变“越来越- ”时，用“比较级 +and+比较级”结构表示。如：The weather is getting colder and colder.The little girl becomes more and more beautiful.表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：a) “倍数 +as+原级 adj.+as+ 被比较对象”，例如：This river is four times as long as that one.（这条河是那条河的四倍长）b) “倍数+the+size(len
10、gth, width, depth, height)+of+被比较对象”，例如：This river is four times the length of that one.（这条河是那条河的四倍长）c) “倍数 +比较级 adj.+than+ 被比较对象”，例如：This river is three times longer than that one.（这条河是那条河的四倍长 / 这条河比那条河长三倍） 注意 ：在比较级的前面可以加上如下一些表示程度的状语，但要注意其含义的差别。a)any 加比较级 ,表示疑问程度，译为“-一些”，“ -一点”。例如：Are you feeling a
11、ny better?b)no/not(any)加比较级 ,表示否定程度，译为“并不-”。例如：Some grow no higher than your ankles.This film is not more interesting than that one.c)a bit,a little,slightly加比较级 ,表示“稍微，一点（些）”。例如：May I stay here a little longer?This problem is a bit more difficult than that one.d)many, much, a lot,greatly,(by)far,ra
12、ther,a good(great)deal等加比较级 ,表示“ -得多”。例如：Our school is much more beautiful than theirs.The people here are a great deal richer now than before. 附 by far 通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“ the ”。例如： He is taller by far than his brother./ He is by far the taller of the two brothers.e)even, stil
13、l加比较级 ,表示强调，译为“甚至更/ 还要 -”。例如：He gets even stronger.Jack is tall, but Tom is still taller.f) “数词 +名词 +比较级”表示确定的程度。例如：He is five years older than I.I got up an hour earlier than the others.最高级的用法三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“ the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。例如：Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works
14、(the) hardest in his class.The Three Gorges area is one of the most beautiful areas of China. 最高级可被序数词以及 by far, by no means, much, nearly,almost, not quite, nothing like等词语修饰。例如：The Yangtze River isthe world sthird longest river.How much did the second most expensive hat cost?This hat is by far / b
15、y no means / much / nearly / not nearly/ almost / not quite / nothing like the biggest. 注意 ：a) 作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。例如：He came (the) earliest of all the boys.b)excellent(优秀的、极好的 ) ，extreme （极端的），favorite(最喜爱的 ) ，perfect （完美的）等词本身含有最高级的含义，所以它们没有比较级和最高级。c) 形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。He is the tall
16、est (boy) in his class.使用形容词、副词的比较等级时要注意的几个问题在 as-as 之间只能使用原级形容词（副词） 。例如：误： I have as less money as you do.正： I have as little money as you do.切忌采用双重比较比较级前可以用表示程度的修饰语来表示强调或程度，但不可用more加比较级形式。例如：误： His health is more worse than before.正： His health is worse than before.应避免自我比较使用比较级时，进行比较的双方必须是互相分离、互不包
17、含的独立概念或事物，否则比较就不合逻辑。例如：误： Bamboo probably has more uses than any plant in the world.正： Bamboo probably has more uses than any other plant in the world. 附 比较的另一方如果是不定代词anyone, anything,前面不能加other,而要在其后加 else.例如：She studies harder than anyone else in her class.但是，若比较的双方不属于同一范围，句中则不加other 。例如：She runs
18、faster than any boy in her class.表示“两者中较 -”时，比较级前要加the 。例如：The older of the two noblemen took a light and led me into a back room.被比较的双方必须具有可比性。例如：误： There are more students in this school than that school.正： There are more students in this school than in that school.连词 than 后使用代词主格和宾格有时意义不同。例如：I kn
19、ow you better than he.我比他更了解你I know you betterthan him.我对你的了解比对他的了解更透彻些（或：“我比他更了解你”，此时与同义） 。 使用最高级时，主语不可被排除在最高级所指的范围之外。例如：误： He is the tallest of all his brothers.正： He is the tallest of all the brothers.most 前面加不定冠词 a/an ，或者不加冠词修饰形容词时，它的意思等于 very 。此时， most 已失去最高级的意义。试比较：a most interestingfilm(一部很有趣
20、的电影 ) / the most interestingfilm(最有趣的电影 )Step 4. Practice1. There is no way for us to bookapartment. Thus we will have to make full use of what we have now.A. a biggerB. the biggerC. the biggestD.abig2.At presentof the experimentsdone in labsafter the new building has been finished.A. four fifth; is
21、B. four fifths; areC. four fifth; areD. four fifths; is3.If object A weighs 100 kg, and object B is, object Bis 400 kg.A. four times heavy as object AB. four times the weight in object AC. four times heavierD. four times as heavier as object A4.You cannever be toocarefulwhen crossingthe street._ you
22、 are, the safer you will be.A. Be carefulB. More carefullyC. The most carefullyD. The more careful5. How do you think of your visit to Qingdao? I enjoyed it. It wasthan I expected.A. far more interestingB. even much interestingC. very more interestingD. a lot much interesting6. Of the two teachers,
23、my English teacher isone, andshe often plays games with us after class.A. a youngerB. a youngestC. the youngerD. the youngest7.is a fact that simple scientific experiments arebecoming more and more important in physics.A. ThereB. It C. ThisD. That8.Withnothingtoburn,the firebecameweak and diedout.A.
24、 leavingB. leftC. leave D. to leave9. Itobe quiteafraidto liveinthe coldarea,butnowI haveto the life there.A. used; been usedB. used; usedC. was used; got usedD. got used; been used10. Do you like that place of interest? On thecontrary,its theplacethatIwant tovisit.A. worstB. lastC. bestD. latest11.
25、 Whois goingto read the text?I didn tcatchwhat our teacherhad said. You should listen carefully.A. Go aheadB. Its your turn now.C. You ve got itD. Not at all12. There appeared anlook on her face on hearing thestory.A. astonished; astonishingB. astonished; astonishedC. astonishing; astonishingD. asto
26、nishing; astonished13. I don t think the students know what the result ofexperiment was.the Well, surprisingly they do. A new result has been found outandinto a paper now.A. has been formedB. is being formedC. is formingD. has formed14. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _know
27、n for his plays.A. the bestB. moreC. betterD.themost15.My glasses cost me _ the last pair I bought.A. three timesB. three times as much asC. three times more asD. three times as many as16. Someoil_the water,and thiswillkeep airout of the water.A. adding toB. add toC. added toD.is added to17. About_
28、of the surface of the earth _ covered by water.A. twothird; isB. three quarter; areC. seventy percent; isD. one half; are18. She was supposed _ at home, but her mother found her in the park.A. to be readingB. readC. readingD. have read19. With a lot of difficult problems _, the _ president is having
29、 a hard time.A. settling; newly-electedB. to settle; newly-electedC .settled; newly-electedD. to settle; new-elected20.Canadian researchers have shown that the shorter the indexfingeris , _ the ringfinger,_aggressivemen are likelyto be.A. compared with; moreB. comparing to; the muchC. compared to; the moreD. comparing with; the more1-5ABCDA6-10CBBAB11-15BABCB16-20DCABCHomework:1. Finish the exercises 2, 3 & 4 on page91-92 in their workbook. Preview the rest of this module.