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1、1,V-ing 作状语,2,a running man,The man running in the picture is Liu Xiang.,后置定语,The man who is running in the picture is Liu Xiang.,3,Practice,Rewrite the following sentences.,1. The bottle which contained the poison was sent to the laboratory.,The bottle containing the poison was sent to the laborato
2、ry.,4,The building being built now is our new library.,2. The building which is being built now is our new library.,3. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.,The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.,5,Read the sentences from the text
3、.,1. I stood for a minute watching them and went to greet them. 2. She stepped back appearing surprised 3. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with 4. They also express their feelings using unspoken language through physical distance,V-ing 作伴随状语,V-ing 作伴随状语,V-ing 作伴随状语,V-ing 作方式状语
4、,6,二、V-ing 形式作状语,V-ing 短语在句子中可作状语，来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随等情况。V-ing短语作状语，在功能上相当于一个完整的状语从句。,7,Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. (=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.),_, they couldnt help crying. =When they heard the bad news,
5、they couldnt help crying.,Hearing the bad news,1. V-ing作时间状语,8,2. V-ing 作原因状语 Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.,=Because he was so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.,Being a student, you should study hard. =Since you are a student, you should study hard.,9,If you walk ahead, youll see a white hous
6、e. _, you will see a white house.,3. V-ing 作条件状语 Working harder, you will succeed. =If you work harder, you will succeed.,一直往前走, 你就会看到一座白色的房子。,Walking ahead,10,= They came into the classroom and they sang and laughed. 他们又唱又笑地走进教室。,He sat on the sofa, watching TV. =He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.
7、,4. V-ing 作伴随状语,They came into the classroom, singing and laughing.,11,全国到处在传唱这首歌曲, 使它成了一首 最受欢迎的歌曲。,The song is sung all over the country, _.,making it the most popular song,5. V-ing 作结果状语,eg: Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off.,12,Working from morning till night, his f
8、ather didnt get enough food. =Although his father worked from morning till night, he didnt get enough food. 虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。,6. V-ing 作让步状语,13,注意一： V-ing 作状语必须具备以下两个条件：,1.使用V-ing 形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致；,2.使用V-ing 形式作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句主语的关系必须是主动关系。,14,1. 使用V-ing 形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。如： Seein
9、g the policeman, the thief ran away quickly.,seeing 的逻辑主语也是the thief,= When he saw the policeman, the thief ran away quickly.,15,_ (hear) the good news, they couldnt help burst into cheers.,主句主语,Hearing,= When they heard the good news, they couldnt help burst into cheers.,2.使用V-ing 形式作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句主语
10、的关系必须是主动关系。如：,they 与hear 构成主动关系,16,对比练习,17,_from the top of the building, we saw the house like a match box. _from the top of the building, the house looks like a match box.,Seeing,Seen,see,18,When working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. =When he worked in the factory, he was an advanced
11、worker.,注意二：,有时为了使V-ing 形式作状语所表达的时间、条件、让步等意思更加明确，可在V-ing 形式前加上适当的连词( when, while, if, though, even if）,19,If playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 1. If you play all day, you will waste your valuable time. Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 2. Though it was raining heavil
12、y, it cleared up very soon.,20,独立主格： waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard 我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。 _ permitting, well do another two exercises. 如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。,I,如果V-ing 的逻辑主语与主句主语不相同，必须保留V-ing 逻辑上的主语，这种语法现象称独立主格结构。,Time,注意三：,21,V-ing 完成式( having done)的使用,如果V-ing 动作先于主句的的谓语动词而发生的话，必须使用V-ing 完成式- ha
13、ving done sth.,注意四：,Having received his letter, I decided to write back. =After I had received his letter, I decided to write back. 收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。,功课做完后，我就回家了。,_, I went back home.,Having finished my homework,22,Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.,现在分词的否定形式,V-ing
14、形式（短语）的否定形式 常在其（ ）加not /never等。,前面,Not having received his fathers letter, he decided to make a call to him.,注意五：,23,用动词的-ing形式改写下列句子。 1. Because I stand on the top of the hill, I feel cold. _ on the top of the hill, I feel cold. 2. Because he hadnt received an answer, he decided to write another le
15、tter to him. _ _ _ an answer, he decided to write another letter to him.,Standing,Not having received,Practice:,24,3. When he sees the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown. _ the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown. 4. Because the students felt hot, they didnt stay in the school. _ _, t
16、he students didnt stay in the school. 5. He hunted all the shops to look for a nice present for his mother. He hunted all the shops, _ _ a nice present for his mother.,looking for,Seeing,Feeling hot,25,The secretary worked late into the night, _a long speech for the president.(MET91) To prepare B. p
17、reparing C. prepared D. was preparing 2.European foot ball is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.(NMET 98) making B. makes C. made D. to make,现在分词表结果状语,现在分词作伴随状语,高考链接,26,3. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. (MET93) A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. a
18、ngrily point D. and angrily pointing,现在分词作伴随状语,27,4. _ a reply, he decided to write again.(MET92) A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 5._ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.(上海91年题) A. Not knowing B. knowing not C. Not having known D. Having not known,V-ing作原因状语，分词结构中否定词通常放在现在分词前面。,V-ing 作原因状语,28,Homework:,1. 完成非凡“P58&P79”语法专练 2. 完成课文P28 ex.1,2,3 课文P29 ex.2 3. 完成2011-2012英语检测试卷,