《任务型（议论文）写作步骤.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《任务型（议论文）写作步骤.ppt（29页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、任务型写作（议论文）答题步骤,读写任务：,阅读下列短问，然后按照要求写一篇150字左右的英文短文。,Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time; if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between his language and others languag
2、e. Bit by bit, he makes the right changes to make his language like other peoples. in the same way, children learn to do all the other things. They learn to talk, run, climb, ride a bicycle by comparing their own behaviors with those of more skilled people,and slowly make the needed changes. But in
3、school teachers never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself ,even fewer chances for him to correct himself. They do it all for him. Teachers act as if the student would never correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let the student do it him se
4、lf. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word means and what the answer is to that problem.,第一步：明确任务,任务一：概括短文的内容要点,任务二：发表自己的看法,树靶子,打靶子,第二步：审读所给材料并整理其思路,论点： let children learn to judge their own work.,论据：1）正面论据：,a. A children learning to talk doesnt learnto make
5、 his language like other people.,b. In the same way, children learn.make the needed changes.,2）反面论据：,But the school teachers never give a child a chancehe becomes dependent on the teacher.,3.结论：,Let the student do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what thi
6、s word means and what the answer is to that problem.,第三步：概括转述所给短文的大意,获取信息-加工信息,注意：要用自己的语言来表达，不要抄袭阅读材料中的的句子。,客观的转述作者的观点、论据和结论,可以使用Some people think,The author says使转述的语气委婉,Some people think that childrens learning mistakes should not be corrected by their teachers.,例一：正话反说,例二：忠实原文,Some people think t
7、hat childrens learning mistakes should be corrected by their themselves.,概括正面论据：,Children learn by comparing their behaviors, including speech, with those of more skilled people/ people with more skills. (They make changes if needed and correct their own mistakes in order to make their behaviors lik
8、e others),概括反面论据：,But in school, teachers point out and correct their students mistakes too often ,making the students dependent on them/which makes the students depend on them.,概括结论：,So the author thinks its wrong and unnecessary to correct the mistakes made by students.,So according to the article
9、,children should learn by correcting their own mistakes and helping each other instead of having their mistakes corrected by their teachers.,第四步：提出自己的观点并加以论证,寻找突破口：,作者的论证似乎严密，但实际上存在着明显的不一致。,儿童说话，跑步，攀爬等与其在学校接受正规教育缺乏可比性。,前者可以通过观察，模仿和对比来完成；而后者是在老师的指导下进行的，由于其复杂性，系统性和间接性，往往需要教师反复指出学生的错误。,1) 加入承上转折的句子，使文章
10、连贯，自然过渡，一气呵成：,This opinion sounds right but it is hardly practical.,2) 亮出自己的观点：,Students mistakes should be corrected by their teachers.,3)拟定第二部分的主题句,In real school learning situations, especially in learning a foreign language like English, without teachers correction all the way, beginners will re
11、peat their mistakes without realizing it.,4)论证自己的观点，要包括题目要求中的项目（采分点）：,A）以英语学习为例，简述你学习过程中常出现的语言错误,I, for example, liked to use words (that are) too formal for a students composition.,B）你是如何看待自己的语言错误；,But I never realized it until my teachers repeatedly replaced them with simple words.,C）你的老师是如何对待你的语言
12、错误：,D）你对老师的做法持什么看法，为什么？,I think the teachers are right. Now, I can write naturally in simple English.,最后，给出自己的结论，结束全文,So teachers should be encouraged to correct their studentss mistakes as soon as possible.,范文一：,Some people think that Childrens learning mistakes should be corrected by themselves.Ch
13、ildren learn by comparing their behaviors, including their speech, with more skilled people.But in school teachers always point out and correct their students mistakes,making the students dependent on them.So children should learn by correcting their own mistakes and helping each other instead of ha
14、ving their mistakes corrected by their teachers.,Students Mistakes Should Be Corrected by Their Teachers,This opinion sounds right but is hardly practical. In real school learning situations, especially in learning a foreign language like English,without teachers correction all the way, beginners wi
15、ll repeat their mistakes without realizing it.I ,for example, liked to use words(that are )too formal for a students composition.But I never realized it until my teachers repeatedly replaced them for simple words. Now, I can write naturally in simple English. So teachers should be encouraged to corr
16、ect their students mistakes as soon as possible.,范文二：,We Need Teachers Help,The author says that childrens learning mistakes should not be corrected by their teachers. He takes a child learning to talk as an example. And he believes that children would become dependent on the teacher if they were ma
17、de to correct their mistakes with the teachers help. So children should be allowed to work out their problems all by themselves.,It is definitely not like that. As a matter of fact, without the teachers help we cannot make rapid progress. For example, my pronunciation was poor. I used to pronounce t
18、he word “work” as “worker”. I was worried about it very much. My teacher give me a lot of drills and I made the right change at last. You see, what it would be like for us to learn English without teachers.,因果关系： because, since, as, for, because of, due to, owning to, attributeto, thanks to, for rea
19、son of, accordingly, result in, lead to, result from, the cause of, whereas, with the result that, account for, refer to, on grounds of, by reason of, the reason is, that is why, now that, therefore, etc. 转折关系：but, yet, still, however, nevertheless, otherwise, or, although, though, in spite of, desp
20、ite, rather than, instead, conversely, in contrast, on the contrary, in any case, at any rate, on the other hand, fortunately, luckily, unfortunately, unluckily, ironically, strangely enough, surprisingly, to ones disappointment, etc. 比较关系: like, unlike, different form, asas, first, least, only, uni
21、que 举例关系：for example, for instance, as an example, an illustration of, in illustration of, as an illustration of, namely, a case in point, to illustrate, such as, for one thing, etc.,Topic today: My opinion on examinations,My opinion on examinations If a professor wants to evaluate the knowledge of
22、his students, I think the most efficient way is to give an examination. The results of examinations can provide both teachers and students with a clear picture of how well they have done their work, though it is not the only way. Tests help students find their weak points in study. Tests also serve
23、as a pressure forcing students work hard and helping them make their knowledge permanent by reviewing it intensively. If there were no exams, some students would not even bother to study. of course, frequent and difficult tests may exert great pressures on students, even damage them physically and m
24、entally. Most students may work hard, but a few may cheat in the exams. But, I think, so long as we dont place more emphasis on grades than on learning, exams do more good than harm.,Besides, without tests, how can we assess the abilities of the students? Since a judgment based on a professors impre
25、ssion is too subjective to be reliable, the only objective evaluation is achieved through a carefully prepared test paper. Examinations are accurate means of measuring studentss performance.,Dear Sir or Madame: Im glad to be invited to the English summer camp.Id like to be in the camp from August 15
26、th to 22nd ,because I want to go to Qingdao to see my aunt during the first half of the summer holiday. I plan to join in two activitieslistening to the English lectures and teaching the foreigners Chinese, although all the activities are interesting and instructive,I think. I want to know more info
27、rmation about the culture of England and America by listening to the lectures.And I know more and more foreigners are interested in China and want to know something about China because of the 2008 Olympic Games,so I want to teach the foreigners Chinese . Best wishes. Lisa,1).Id like to have it in Ju
28、ly because Ill have a course to take in August. 2).All the activities you are planning to have are very meaning/ interesting /good/significant, but Im afraid I will choose only two of them -listening to English lectures and teaching foreigners Chinese. 3).As you know, the 2008 Olympic Games will tak
29、e place in,Beijing . 4).I think more and more foreigners are eager to know more about China and know more about the Chinese language . 5).Whats more,/Besides, I long to know more about British and American cultures through listening to English lectures.,1).I would like to take part in the camp durin
30、g August 15th to 22nd so that I could have a wonderful summer holiday. 2).Im so excited about the activities such as The English corner, singing English songs, performing English dramas, seeing English films, listening to the English speeches and teaching foreigners Chinese. 3).Though all of,the act
31、ivities are meaningful, I prefer to attend the English speeches and teach foreigners Chinese. 4).From the English speeches I could learn more information about the culture of England and America. 5)As the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing, I would like to teach foreigners Chinese so that more and more of them will be interested in China.,