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1、Subjunctive mood,It looks as if Harry Potter were a grown-up.,Is he a grown-up?,I wish every day were Sunday.,Is every day Sunday?,这种表示假定、想象、愿望等的非事实观念的语气就叫虚拟语气。,英语的语气分三大类： 陈述语气：用来叙述一件事实。 祈使语气：表达说话人的请求或命令。 虚拟语气：表示说话人的愿望,假设,猜测或建议, 而不是表示客观存在的事实。,虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法:,( 一 ) 用于条件状语从句,1、真实条件句和虚拟条件句,真实条件句：If I ha
2、ve time, I shall(will) go to see you.,If you move, Ill shoot you.,虚拟条件句:,If I were a bird, I would fly there.,If I were a student, I would do it.,If +主语+动词过去式（be动词一律用were),主语 + would /should/could/ might +动词原形,If +主语+had+过去分词,主语 + would/should/could/ might + have + 过去分词,动词的过去式或should/were to+动词原形,主语
3、 + would/should/could/ might + 动词原形,2、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法,eg. If I were you, I should study English.,If he had time, he would attend the meeting.,If you had come yesterday, you would have met him.,If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.,If it were to/should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put
4、off.,（1 ）当条件状语从句的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。(混合时间条件句),eg. If you had followed the doctors advice, you would be quite all right now.(从句指过去,主句指现在) If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now.,注 意,（ 2 ）从句省略if , 用倒装句式“were,had,should+主语”,eg. Were I in school again, I woul
5、d work harder.,Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.,Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.,注 意,(3) 含蓄条件句：虚拟条件暗含在介词短语或上下文中，从句不表现出来。,eg.I could never go to college without his help.,But for (要不是)your help, we should have failed.,I would have visited you last week, but I was s
6、o busy.,(= If I had not been so busy, ),注 意,(= If there were not his help),(= If it had not been for your help),But that I saw, I wouldnt have believed it.,(= If I hadnt seen it),I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have come.,(= If I hadnt been ill that day, I would have come.),(4)特殊结构的条件句,If it w
7、ere not for,eg. If it were not for his help, I could never go to college.,If it had not been for your help, we should have failed.,“如果没有 ”, 表示同现在事实相反的假设,If it had not been for,“如果当时没有”, 与过去事实相反的假设,注 意,(5) If only (“要是多好呀”)引导的感叹句,eg. If only I had taken his advice!,我要是听他的话就好了!,If only I had wings!,If
8、 only +主语 +,过去完成（与过去相反）,过去式（与现在或将来相反）,注 意,(it would have been better),(二）wish 引导的宾语从句,wish 引导的宾语从句,1.与现在事实相反:,过去式(be多用were),2.与过去事实相反:,had+过去分词,3.与将来事实相反:,would+动词原形,eg. I wish everyone were active in the lesson. I wish I had done better in the mid-term exam. I wish (that) you would get a good job.,
9、( 三) 几种常用虚拟语气的句型:,1.动词+宾语从句,一个坚持:,insist 坚持(应该/做),两个命令:,order,command,三个建议:,suggest,propose,advise,四个要求:,desire,demand,ask,require,宾语从句中用(should)+动词原形,2.与上述动词相对应的名词如：,suggestion,order,proposal,plan,idea,command,request等后接的表语从句/同位语从句。,表语从句,同位语从句中用(should)+动词原形,( 三) 几种常用虚拟语气的句型:,3.It is/was+上述动词的过去分词(
10、suggested, demanded等）+ that 主语从句,主语从句中用(should)+动词原形,主语从句中用 (should)+动词原形,4. It is/was+ adj./n.如： important, necessary, natural, possible, strange, a pity/a shame, no wonder, desirable,注意: insist作“坚持认为”，“坚持说”解，suggest表示“表明”，“暗示”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气，用陈述语气。,eg.Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.,
11、We insisted that she (should) go with us.,Janes pale face suggested that she was ill,and her parents suggested that she have a medical examination.,(四)as if / though引导的状语从句,注：as if /though 表示“有可能实现的事实”时，从句用陈述语气。,eg.It is so cloudy. It looks as if it is going to rain.,as if / though 引导的状语从句,1.与现在事实相反
12、:,过去式(be多用were),2.与过去事实相反:,had+过去分词,3.与将来事实相反:,would+动词原形,（五）It is time that句式的虚拟语气形式,动词过去式（be多用were）或should+动词原形,(不能省),eg.Its time that you should go to school.,went,（七）虚拟语气在简单句中的应用,1）表示说话人谦虚，客气，使语气委婉。,It would be better for you not to stay up too late.,Would you be kind enough to open the door?,2) 用于一些习惯表达法中。,Would you like a cup of tea?,May you be happy! May you succeed !,