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1、初三英语系列复习资料（9）交际用语的考点集汇，讲解和训练【考点扫描】近年来的中考试题中，对日常交际用语的考查比重越来越大。涉及到在各种情景下的问和答；涉及到英语国家的文化习俗；涉及到口语和书面表达。考查的形式有听力理解，有补全对话，有单项选择，有情景反应，有书面表达。【名师精讲】初中阶段要掌握的30个日常交际项目是：1.问候 Greetingsa.Good morning/afternoon/evening.Hello/Hi.How are you?b.Fine, thank you, And you?Very well, thank you.2.介绍 Introductionsa.This
2、is Mr/Mrs/Miss/Comrade.b.How do you do?Nice/Glad to see/meet you.c.My name is.Im a student/worker etc.(here).3.告别 Farewellsa.I think its time for to leave now.b.Goodbye! (Bye-bye! Bye!)See you later/tomorrow. (See you.) Good night.4.打电话 Making telephone callsa.Hello! May I speak to ?Is that (speakin
3、g)?b.Hold on, please.He/She isnt here right now.Can I take a message for you?c.I called to tell/ask youd.Goodbye.5.感谢和应答 Thanks and responsesa.Thank you (very much).Thanks a lot.Many thanks.Thanks forb.Not at all.Thats all right.Youre welcome.6.祝愿，祝贺和应答 Good wishes, congratulations, responsesa.Good
4、luck!Best wishes to you.Have a nice/good time.Congratulations!c.Thank you.d.Happy New Year!Merry Christmas!Happy birthday to you.e.The same to you.7.意愿 Intentions Im going to I will. Id like to I want/hope to8.道歉和应答 Apologies and responsesa.Im sorry. (Sorry.)Im sorry for/aboutExcuse me.b.Thats all r
5、ight.It doesnt matter.Thats nothing.9.遗憾和同情 Regrets and sympathyWhat a pity!Im sorry to hear10.邀请和应答 Invitations and responsesa.Will you come to?Would you like to?b.Yes, Id love toYes, its very kind/nice of you.c.Id love to, but11.提供（帮助等）和应答 Offers and responsesa.Can I help you?What can I do for you
6、?Here, take this/myLet mefor you.Would you like some?b.Thanks. That would be nice/fine.Thank you for your help.Yes, please.c.No, thanks/thank you.Thats very kind of you, but12.请求允许和应答 Asking for permission and responsesa.May I?Can/Could I?b.Yes/Certainly.Yes, do please.Of course (you may).Thats Ok/a
7、ll right.c.Im sorry, butYoud better not.13.表示同意和不同意 Expressing agreement and disagreementa.Certainly/Sure/Of course.Yes, please.Yes, I think so.b.Thats true/OK.Thats a good idea.I agree (with you).c.No, I dont think so.Im afraid not.I really cant agree with you.14.表示肯定和不肯定 Expressing certainty and u
8、ncertaintya.Im sure.Im sure (that) b.Im not sure.Im not sure whether/ifc.Maybe/Perhaps15.喜好和厌恶 Likes and dislikesa.I like/love (very much).I like/love tob.I dont like (to) I hate (to) 16.谈论天气 Talking about the weathera.Whats the weather like today?Hows the weather in?b.Its fine/cloudy/windy/rainy, e
9、tc.Its rather warm/cold/hot/etc. today, isnt it?17.购物 Shoppinga.What can I do for you?May/Can I help you?b.I want/Id likeHow much is it?Thats too much/expensive, Im afraid.Thats fine. Ill take it.Let me havekilo/box, etc.c.How many/much do you want?What colour/size/kind do you want?d.Do you have any
10、 other kind/size/colour,etc.?18.问路和应答 Asking the way and responsesa.Excuse me. Wheres the mens/ladies room?Excuse me, can you tell me the way to?How can I get to? I dont know the way.b.Go down this street.Turn right/left at the first/second crossing.Its about metres from here.19.问时间或日期和应答 Asking the
11、 time or date and responsesa.What day is (it) today?Whats the date today?What time is it?Whats the time, please?b.Its Monday/Tuesday, etc.Its January 10th.Its five o,clock/half past five/a quarter to five/five thirty, etc.Its time for20.请求 Requestsa.Can/Could youfor me?Will/would you please?May I ha
12、ve?b.Please give/pass mePlease wait (here/a moment).Please wait for your turn.Please stand in line/line up.Please hurry.c.Dont rush/crowd.No noise, please.No smoking, please.21.劝告和建议 Advice and suggestionsa.Youd betterYou shouldYou need (to)b.Shall we?LetsWhat /How about?22.禁止和警告 Prohibition and war
13、ningsa.You cant/mustntIf you, youllb.Take care !Be careful !Look out !23.表示感情 Expressing certain emotionsa.喜悦 Pleasure, joyIm glad/pleased/happy toThats nice.Thats wonderful/great.b.焦虑 AnxietyWhats wrong?Whats the matter (with you)?Im/Hes/Shes worried.Oh, what shall I/we do?c.惊奇 SurpriseReally?Oh de
14、ar?Is that so?24.就餐 Taking mealsa.What would you like to have?Would you like something to eat/drink?b.Id likeWould you like some more?Help yourself to somec.Thank you. Ive had enough/Just a little, please.25.约会 Making appointmentsa.Are you free this afternoon/evening?How about tomorrow morning/after
15、noon/evening?Shall we meet at 4: 30 at?b.Yes, thats all right.Yes, Ill be free then.c.No, I wont be free then. But Ill be freea. All right. See you then.26.传递信息 Passing on a messagea.Will you please give this note/message to?b.asked me to give you this note.c.Thanks for the message.27.看病 Seeing the
16、doctora.Theres something wrong withIve got a cough.I feel terrible(bad).I dont feel well.Ive got a pain here.This place hurts.b.Take this medicine three times a day.Drink plenty of water and have a good rest.Its nothing serious.Youll be right/well soon.28.求救 Calling for helpa.Help!b.Whats the matter
17、?29.语言困难 Language difficulties Pardon. Please say that again/more slowly. What do you mean by? Im sorry I cant follow you. Im sorry I know only a little English.30.常见的标志和说明 Some common signs and instructionsBUSINESS HOURS FRAGILEOFFICE HOURS THIS SIDE UPOPEN MENUCLOSED NO SMOKINGPULL NO PARKINGPUSH
18、NO PHOTOSON DANGER!OFF PLAYENTRANCE STOPEXIT PAUSEINSTRUCTIONS 同学们在中考复习时，首先应熟记教材第一至三册中出现的常用交际用语和习惯表达法。重点掌握问路、打电话、购物、看病、就餐和谈论天气等六种情景中的表达方法。明确学习交际用语的目的是为了培养与讲英语人士进行口头交际的能力。学习日常交际用语，要了解西方的风土人情，必须记住一些典型的日常交际用语；要明确谈话的场合和对象，因为在许多交际场合，怎么问和怎么答都有一些约定俗成的语言；要注意中西文化传统和背景的不同，使用得体的语言。因此，同学们必须熟悉这些套话，熟练地掌握它们。这样才能结合
19、自己所处的环境，知道在什么时候、什么地方、用什么方式、对什么人使用恰当的语言表达出自己的意思，给予正确的应答，还要能自如应付各种形式的测试，如单项选择、对号入座、补全对话及排列顺序等。 做这类题目的思路和方法归纳起来有以下九点：1. 要根据不同的情景，使用不同的表达法。2. 要正确判断出对话的情景。3. 问话或答语不能离题。4. 用筛选法选择正确对话。5. 从语意进行判断。6. 根据习惯用法进行选择。7. 答语要符合西方人的文化、风俗和习惯。8. 要使用文明礼貌的语言。9. 要遵照口语交际特点，不要死套语法规则。【中考范例】1. (2004年北京市中考试题) -Would you like t
20、o go out for a walk with us? -_, but I must finish my homework first. A. Of course not B. Thats all right C. Id love to D. Yes, I do 【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是如何婉拒别人的邀请。对方邀请出去散步，但因为要做家庭作业而婉言拒绝。符合这一情景的答语只有C。2. (2004年江西省中考试题) -I havent seen Jack for three days. Is he ill? -_. His mother told me that he was in ho
21、spital. A. I am afraid so B. I hope not C. I dont expect D. I am afraid not 【解析】答案：A。该题考查的是如何回答别人的询问。对方询问某人是否有病，由于答话人已经知道某人有病（从后一句答语可知），只能给出肯定回答。3. (2004年济宁市中考试题) -Thank you for your delicious dinner. -_. A. Dont say that B. Its nothing C. I dont think so D. Im glad you enjoyed it 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是如何回
22、答别人的感谢和赞扬。说英语国家的人在回答别人的感谢和赞扬时与中国人的习惯不同, 他们不是自我谦虚，而是表示高兴。4. (2004年济宁市中考试题) Turn the box over, please. Cant you see the words “_”? A. DANGER B. MENU C. THIS SIDE UP D. FRAGILE 【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是常用英语标志和说明。只有看到箱子上有 “THIS SIDE UP”这样的标志，才能发现箱子放倒了，才会让对方把箱子反过来。【满分演练】一. 单项选择1. -I hope you dont mind my pointing
23、out your mistakes.-_ .A. Not at all B. Youre welcomeC. Of course D. Its a pleasure2. -Im sorry. Ive broken your cup.-_ .A. It doesnt matter B. Thank youC. Not at all D. Excuse me3. -Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?-_A. It doesnt matter. B. Thats nothing.C. Good idea! D. Youre welcome.4. -Will you go
24、 shopping together with us this Sunday, Jenny? -Yes, _. A. I do B. Id like to C. Id love to do D. Im busy5. -What a nice meal! Thank you for having us. -_. A. It doesnt matter B. It was a pleasure C. Not nice enough D. With pleasure6. -Wish you a happy New Year! -_. A. The same to you B. You do too
25、C. The same as you D. You have it too7. -Hello. May I speak to Tom Smith? -Yes. _. A. My names Tom Smith B. Im Tom Smith C. This is Tom Smith D. Tom Smiths me8. -What are Johnsons family like? -_. A. His family is just like mine B. They all like sports and games C. Oh, its really a big one D. They a
26、re all warm-hearted and helpful9. -Do you mind if I open the door? -_. A. No, of course not B. Yes, please C. Yes, you can D. No, you cant open it10.-Help yourself to some fruit. -_ A. Thank you. B. Yes, I like it very much. C. OK. Its nothing serious. D. Really?二. 交际英语1. -_ ?-Hold on, please.A. Are
27、 you Bruce, pleaseB. Who are youC. Are you at home, BruceD. May I speak to Bruce, please?2. -Could you tell me how to get to Peterson Building, please?-_.A. Dont ask meB. Sure. You can take the No.3 busC. Youre welcomeD. Thank you all the same?3. -Oh, what a nice picture! You draw very well.?-_.A. Y
28、es, its very badB. Yours is goodC. Of course notD. Thank you?4. -Whats wrong with you?-_.A. Ive got a headacheB. Shell take some medicineC. Ive got a new bikeD. Im a doctor?5. -Happy New Year!?-_.A. You are happyB. The same to youC. Happy birthdayD. Yes, Im happy, too?6. -Whats the weather like?-_.?
29、A. I like the weatherB. Its sunnyC. I dont like the weatherD. Its rain7. -_?-Its Saturday.A. Whats the dateB. What time is itC. What day is it todayD. How much is it?8. -Would you like to come to my house for supper?-_.A. Id love to. But Im afraid I cantB. Yes, I cantC. No, I wouldD. Yes, I wouldnt9
30、. -What can I do for you, madam?-_.A. I can help myself?B. No, I dont need?C. Yes, please help me?D. Id like to buy a pair of shoes of my daughter?10. -Ive passed the exam.?-_.A. Congratulations!B. Bad luck!C. Thank you for telling me.D. Its nothing.三. 补全对话John: Hello, Jim. May I come in?Jim: Oh, he
31、llo, John. Yes, come in, please.John: You dont look well. Whats the matter?Jim: _1_John: Oh dear! Why dont you go to bed for a rest?Jim: _2_John: shall I call him and tell him youre ill?Jim: _3_John: OK. Ill do that. Im going to the shops now. Can I get you some medicice?Jim: _4_John: Yes, of course
32、. Is there anything else I can do?Jim: _5_John: see you later then. Take care!A. Oh, yes, please. His number is in the phone book.B. No, Ill be all right. Thanks for your help.C. My head hurts and I feel really hot.D. Could you buy me a bottle of aspirin,please?E. It doesnt hurt very much.F. I cant.
33、 I will play ping-pong with our teacher this afternoon.G. Do you think its a good idea?【练习答案】一. 1.A 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.A二.1.D 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.A三. 1.C 2.F 3.A 4.D 5.B初三英语系列复习资料（1）名词考点集汇，讲解和训练 一、名词【考点直击】1可数名词和不可数名词的用法；2名词所有格的构成及用法；3近义名词的辨析。【名师点睛】一、名词的数1单数和复数 可数名词有单数和
34、复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：bookbooks，girlgirls，boyboys，penpens,doctordoctors, boyboys。（2）以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：busbuses，classclasses，boxboxes，watchwatches，brushbrushes。（3）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，例如：orangeoranges。（4）以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：citycities, factoryfactories
35、, countrycountries, familyfamilies。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boyboys, daydays。（5）以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoozoos，radioradios，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photophotos，pianopianos。（6）以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves, halfhalves。复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法
36、如下表所示。复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法情况 读法 例词在ptkf等清辅音后 s cups, hats, cakes在szt F等音后 iz glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces在bd v等浊辅音后 z beds, dogs, cities, knives（7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：manmen，womanwomen，toothteeth，footfeet，childchildren，mousemice。【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two E
37、nglishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：menworkers， women teachers。有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等。（9）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如：ten-minutes walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。（10）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths游戏名称：bowls专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls其他名词：news, fa