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1、大学英语考试复习资料北京成人本科英语真题2017年11月大学英语考试复习资料北京成人本科英语真题2017年11月北京成人本科英语真题2017年11月Part Reading Comprehension Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide
2、 on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1 In 2014, older Americans fell 29 million times, leading to 7 million injuries, according to a report published last week. About 2.8 million cases were treated in emergency departments, and approximately 800,000 se
3、niors went on to be hospitalized. More than 27,000 falls led to death. (76) And the problem is getting more and more serious. Older adult falls are increasing and, sadly, often indicate the end of independence, said Dr. Tom Frieden. The falls are preventable, Frieden stressed. He said individuals, f
4、amilies and health care providers can take steps to resist the trend. Dr. Wolf-Klein is a medical professor in New York. She said one concern is that seniors who have experienced a fall alone at home dont tell anyone. When that happens, prevention efforts dont begin and theyre at risk for additional
5、 falls that lead to broken bones and brain injuries. Elderly patients tend not to report falls to their families, or even doctors. A fall is a very frightening thing that you keep quiet about. They think if they mention it, they are afraid that they will move to a nursing home or need assistants to
6、help out in the house, said Wolf-Klein. Its also a status issue and may make someone feel that theyre weaker than they really are, she explained. When someone does fall and hurt themselves, theyre often never the same, Wolf-Klein said. You can develop chronic (慢性的) problems. After a fall, a percenta
7、ge of the population will never return to walking around. People used to taking the subway, now theyre in a wheelchair, or they may need help going to the bathroom. They become frailer and lose independence, she said. 1. Which of the following is TRUE?A.In 2014, older adult falls caused 7 million in
8、juries.B.In 2016, Americans fell 29 million times.C.Last year, 2.8 million Americans had emergency treatment.D.Last month, more than 27,000 older Americans were hospitalized.答案:A解析 内容概要 本文介绍了越来越多上了年纪的美国人跌倒的现象。强调了有办法可以预防此类事故的发生，沃夫克莱因博士则详细阐述了摔倒的后果，发人深省。 参考译文 据上周的一个报道：在2014年，美国老年人跌倒2900万次，造成了700万人受伤。急诊
9、科约有280万人接受治疗，约80万名老年人继续住院治疗。超过2.7万人因跌倒而死亡。这个问题越来越严重。 汤姆福莱登(Tom Frieden)博士说：“越来越多的老年人跌倒，可怜的是这意味着他们丧失了独立生活能力。”福莱登强调，有办法可以防止跌倒。他说，个人、家庭、医护人员可以采取措施应对这一趋势。 沃夫克莱因(Wolf Klein)博士是纽约的一个医学教授。她说，一个需要关注的问题是那些经历过独自在家跌倒过的老年人不会告诉任何人。当这种情况发生时，预防工作就没有作用了，他们会有再次跌倒，造成骨折和大脑损伤的危险。 沃夫克莱因说：“上了年纪的病人往往不愿意将自己跌倒的事情告诉家人，甚至是医生。
10、摔倒是一件非常可怕的事，而他们却什么都不说。他们觉得，如果说出这件事，他们就要搬到养老院，或者需要保姆在家照顾自己。” 她解释说，这也是一个地位问题，会让人觉得他们比实际要赢弱。沃夫克莱因说，每个人跌倒和受伤的情况都是不同的。她说道：“有的可能会发展成慢性病。跌倒之后，也有相当一部分人失去了行走能力。那些过去乘地铁的人们，现在只能坐轮椅，或者需要人帮助才能去洗手间。他们变得更加脆弱，也失去了独立生活的能力。” 定位 第一段第一句话“In 2014, older Americans fell 29 million times, leading to 7 million injuries, acc
11、ording to a report published last week.” 答案详解 细节题。题干问的是“以下哪一项是正确的?”根据定位句“据上周的一个报道：在2014年，美国老年人跌倒2900万次，造成了700万人受伤。”故选A。 2. From the passage we learn that older adult falls _.A.are decreasingB.cant be avoidedC.must be treated in hospitalsD.usually imply the end of independence答案:D解析 定位 第二段第一句话“Older
12、adult falls are increasing and, sadly, often indicate the end of independence, said Dr. Tom Frieden.” 答案详解 细节题。题干问的是“从文中可以得知，老年人跌倒会怎么样?”定位句指出越来越多的老年人跌倒，这就意味着其独立生活的结束，故选D。 3. The word frailer in Paragraph 5 probably means _.A.lonelierB.weakerC.smarterD.better答案:B解析 定位 第五段最后一句话“They become frailer and
13、 lose independence.” 答案详解 词汇题。frailer的意思是“易碎的；脆弱的(frail的比较级)；易损的”。A项意思是“更孤独的”，B项意思是“更虚弱的”，C项意思是“更聪明的”，D项意思是“更好的”。根据前文内容可知，摔倒后的老年人会生活不能自理，所以他们应该是身体体质越来越衰退，只有B项符合句意，故选B。 4. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A.A fall is a very terrible thing that you keep quiet about.B.After a fa
14、ll elderly people will not develop chronic problems.C.To prevent falls elderly people should move to a nursing home.D.Elderly patients tend to tell their families about their falls.答案:A解析 定位 第四段第二句话“A fall is a very frightening thing that you keep quiet about.” 答案详解 细节题。题干问的是“根据文章，下面哪一项是正确的?”定位句“摔倒是
15、一件非常可怕的事，而他们却什么都不说。”此处的frightening与A项中的terrible是同义转换。故选A。 5. What is the main idea of this passage?A.Older adult falls are on the rise.B.People should keep quiet about their falls.C.Older adults are losing their independence.D.Older adult falls cause brain injuries.答案:A解析 定位 全文。 答案详解 主旨大意题。题干问的是“本文的
16、主旨是什么?”本文通篇都是在讲述越来越多的老年人跌倒，并且全文都是围绕这个话题展开。B项说人们应该对摔倒的事情闭口不谈，根据倒数第二段判断为错误选项；C项说老年人正在丧失独立生活的能力，这只是摔倒后的最终结果，而不能作为全文的主旨；D项说老年人摔倒会造成大脑损伤，这也是摔倒可能会导致的结果，文中第三段最后一句话指出，二次摔倒会导致骨折和脑部损伤。故选A。 Passage 2 Marley Dias loves nothing more than getting lost in a book. But the books she was reading at school were starti
17、ng to get on her nerves. She enjoyed Where the Red Fern Grows and The Shiloh Series, but those classics, found in so many primary school classrooms, were all about white boys or dogsor white boys and their dogs. Black girls, like Marley, were almost never the main character. What she was noticing is
18、 actually a much bigger issue: fewer than 10 percent of childrens books released in 2015 had a black person as the main character, according to a yearly analysis by the Cooperative Childrens Book Center. In November 2015, Marley set out to gather 1,000 books with black girls as protagonists (主角). He
19、r campaign called #1000BlackGirlBooks was a big success. (77) She far exceeded her goal and collected more than 10,000 books! Through my campaign, I want to give kids a stronger sense of identity. Marley says. (78) The biggest thing Ive learned is that kids voices need to be heard. In the future, Di
20、as wants to be the editor (编辑) of her own magazine. She is already making the steps toward having a successful and meaningful career. At 11, shes aware of the racism in the publishing industry. Like the television and movies, the publishing industry does not represent black girls or other people of
21、color in positive ways. The whitewashing (漂白) in this industry extends beyond not having people of color as characters. In 2012, white men wrote 88% of the book reviews. In 2013, only about 2% of the books were about black characters. Then if there are people of color in the books, the publishers at
22、tempt to whitewash people of color on the covers. However, Dias is making it a little easier for other black girls searching for a character that is just like them. Her project is a positive step toward young black girls seeing and experiencing their lives in books. 1. Which of the following is the
23、best title for the passage?A.Main Characters of Popular BooksB.The #1000BlackGirlBooks CampaignC.Whitewashing in the Publishing IndustryD.Further Reading for Kids and Teenagers答案:C解析 内容概要 本文介绍了马利迪亚斯为消除人们对黑人女孩的种族歧视做出的积极贡献。文中提到，迪亚斯积极关注种族歧视问题，并发动了一个名为“一千名黑人女孩之书”的活动。 参考译文 马利迪亚斯不爱其他，偏爱阅读。但学校中的书本却让她厌烦。她喜欢
24、红色羊齿草的故乡和示罗系列，但小学教室里的许多经典著作全都是关于白人男孩或狗，或者是白人男孩和他们的狗。像马利这样的黑人女孩几乎从来都不是故事主角。 实际上，她所注意到的一个更大的问题是：根据儿童图书合作中心的年度分析报告，在2015年出版的儿童图书中，只有不到10%的图书以黑人为主角。2015年11月，马利开始着手收集1000本以黑人女孩为主角的书。这个以“一千名黑人女孩之书”为名的活动取得了巨大的成功。她远超原来的目标，收集了一万多本书。马利说：“通过这个活动，我让孩子们有更强的身份意识。我学到的最重要的是要让大家听到孩子们的想法。” 将来，迪亚斯想自己做主编，开办一家杂志社。她已经踏上了
25、走向成功和具有意义的职业生涯的道路。11岁时，她意识到了出版业的种族歧视。 与电视和电影业一样，出版业并不以积极的方式对待黑人女孩或其他有色人种。出版业的特征是不录用有色人种。2012年，白人写了88%的书评。在2013年，只有大约2%的书是关于黑人的。如果书中有有色人种，那么出版商则会在封面上粉饰这些人。 然而，迪亚斯使其他黑人女孩能够更加容易地找到像她们一样的角色。她的计划对于年轻的黑人女孩在书本中看到并经历其生活具有积极的意义。 定位 全文。 答案详解 主旨大意题。题干问的是“以下哪一项是最佳标题?”本文讲的是迪亚斯从关注各种著作中黑人女孩角色的问题，进而关注到出版业的种族歧视问题，因此
26、选C。 2. The phrase get on her nerves in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.A.make her illB.make her excitedC.make her annoyedD.make her frightened答案:C解析 定位 第一段第二句“But the books she was reading at school were starting to get on her nerves.” 答案详解 词汇题。题干问的是“第一段中的短语最接近以下哪一项的含义?”get on ones nerves意思是“
27、使厌烦，使不安”。A项“使生病”，B项“使激动”，C项“使恼怒，厌烦”，D项“使害怕，惊恐”。故选C。 3. Marley started the #1000BlackGirlBooks campaign because _.A.she wanted to give some books to African childrenB.she Wanted to encourage children to read more booksC.she noticed the lack of black girls as main characters in the booksD.she didnt li
28、ke the black girls described in the books she read for class答案:C解析 定位 第二段第一句话“What she was noticing is actually a much bigger issue: fewer than 10 percent of childrens books released in 2015 had a black person as the main character, according to a yearly analysis by the Cooperative Childrens Book Ce
29、nter.” 答案详解 细节题。题于问的是“为什么马利要开展这项活动?”根据定位句“她所注意到的一个更大的问题是：根据儿童图书合作中心的年度分析报告，在2015年出版的儿童图书中，只有不到10%的图书以黑人为主角。”可知，她注意到以黑人为主角的儿童图书比较少，更别说是黑人女孩了。这就是她开展这项活动的初衷。故选C。 4. The original goal of the project was to collect _ books.A.1000B.2015C.5000D.10,000答案:A解析 定位 第二段第二句话“In November 2015, Marley set out to ga
30、ther 1,000 books with black girls as protagonists.” 答案详解 细节题。题干问的是“这项活动的目标是收集多少本书?”根据定位句可知，原计划收集图书1000册。故选A。 5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A.Marley Dias is a black girl.B.Marley Dias doesnt like reading.C.Marley Dias wants to become an editor in the futur
31、e.D.Movies seldom represent black people in positive ways.答案:B解析 定位 第一段第一句话“Marley Dias loves nothing more than getting lost in a book.” 答案详解 细节题。题干问的是“根据全文，以下哪项表述不正确?”根据定位句“马利迪亚斯不爱其他，偏爱阅读。”可知B项与原文内容不符。故选B。 Passage 3 The science behind solar (太阳的) energy is not new. But Sheridan Community Schools is
32、 the first school district in Indiana to be completely solar-powered. The district finished installing solar panels (太阳能板) for all three of its schools in 2016. Some of the panels can turn to follow the sun across the sky. Sheridans solar push is part of a trend. In 2008, fewer than 1,000 schools us
33、ed solar power. By 2014, there were 3,727 schools with solar panels in the US. This data comes from a report by the Solar Foundation, an organization that promotes the use of solar power. Roxie Brown, a program director there, says that the number of schools with solar panels has continued to rise s
34、ince 2014. (79) Solar power has some obvious advantages over other energy sources. Sunlight is a renewable (可再生的) resource, which means it wont run out. Solar panels dont harm the environment. Also, sunlight is free. So by using solar power, schools can save money on energy costs over time. But swit
35、ching to solar power isnt always easy. Solar panels can be expensive to install. Sheridan Community Schools had to borrow money to pay for its solar transition. (80) The panels also take up space. But for many schools, going solar is worth it. The use of solar energy can also help students learn abo
36、ut electricity and environmental issues. Teachers at schools that use solar power often incorporate it into their science lessons. The kids talk about it in the classroom. Then they can look at it in action. According to Brown, the educational impact of solar panels is the most compelling reason for
37、 schools to install them. Brown hopes the panels will give Sheridan students a global perspective. The world is bigger than the boundaries of their school district, he says. Theyre doing things to help the world as a whole. 1. Sheridan Community Schools consists of _ schools.A.twoB.threeC.fourD.five
38、答案:B解析 内容概要 本文介绍了谢里丹地区太阳能事业的发展。文中提到了太阳能的优势，以及其安装问题。更进一步地指出太阳能的使用还可以帮助学生了解电力和环境问题。 参考译文 太阳能技术背后的科技并不是新的。但是谢里丹社区学校是印第安那州第一个完全由太阳能供电的学区。2016年，该地区完成了全部三所学校太阳能板的安装。其中一些太阳能板的朝向可以随着太阳的方向而变动。 谢里丹社区的太阳能是该事业蓬勃发展的一部分。2008年，只有不到1000所学校使用太阳能供电。截止到2014年，美国有3727所学校配有太阳能板。这项数据来自太阳能基金会的一份报告，该基金会是一个推广太阳能利用的组织。洛克希布朗是该
39、基金会的项目主任，他说，自2014年起，配有太阳能板的学校数量持续上升。 与其他能源相比，太阳能有一些明显的优势。太阳光是一种可再生能源，这就意味着它永不会枯竭。太阳能板不会破坏环境。同时，太阳光也是免费的资源。因此，通过使用太阳能，学校可以节省能源成本。 但是太阳能的转换并不容易。安装太阳能板价格昂贵。谢里丹的社区学校不得不借钱来支付其高昂的费用。太阳能板还占空间，但对于许多学校来说，这也物超所值了。 太阳能的使用还可以帮助学生了解电力和环境问题。使用太阳能的学校的老师经常把它纳入他们的科学课程中。学生们在课堂上讨论太阳能，接着便可以实际观看。据布朗所说，学校安装太阳能板最令人信服的理由是它
40、的教育影响。 布朗期望这些太阳能板可以为谢里丹的学生提供全球性的视角。他说：“这个世界比学校的边界还要大，他们也正在做一些事情，以帮助整个世界。” 定位 第一段第三句话“The district finished installing solar panels for all three of its schools in 2016.” 答案详解 细节题。题干问的是“谢里丹社区有几所学校?”根据定位句：2016年，该地区完成了全部三所学校太阳能板的安装。可以得知该社区有三所学校。故选B。 2. According to the passage, solar energy has the fol
41、lowing benefits EXCEPT that _.A.it creates no pollutionB.it can save moneyC.solar panels are easy to maintainD.solar energy is renewable答案:C解析 定位 第三段“Solar power has some obvious advantages over other energy sources. Sunlight is a renewable resource, which means it wont run out. Solar panels dont ha
42、rm the environment. Also, sunlight is free. So by using solar power. schools can save money on energy costs over time.” 答案详解 细节题。题干问的是“根据全文，除了哪一项，其他都是太阳能的优势?”根据该段可知太阳能具有以下优势：可再生、不会破坏环境、节省资金。而C项太阳能板容易保养，文中并未提及，故选C。 3. The word incorporate in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _.A.reachB.improveC.tu
43、rnD.include答案:D解析 定位 倒数第二段第二句话“Teachers at schools that use solar power often incorporate it into their science lessons.” 答案详解 词汇题。题于问的是“第五段中incorporate的含义最接近以下哪一项?”incorporate本意为“包含，吸收，合并”，A项意思是“达到”；B项意思是“改善，提高”；C项意思是“改变，转向”；D项意思是“包含，包括”。分析句意，这里应该是学校老师们会将太阳能的使用问题纳入到他们的科学课程当中。故选D。 4. According to th
44、e passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A.Solar panels are very expensive to install.B.Sheridan Community Schools is completely solar-powered.C.In 2014, fewer than 1,000 schools used solar power in the US.D.More and more schools are switching to solar power to cut costs.答案:C解析 定位 第二
45、段第二、三句话“In 2008, fewer than 1,000 schools used solar power. By 2014, there were 3,727 schools with solar panels in the US.” 答案详解 细节题。题干问的是“根据文章，下面哪一项表述不正确?”根据定位句“2008年，只有不到1000所学校使用太阳能供电。截止到2014年，美国有3727所学校配有太阳能板。”可知，2008年，不足1000所学校使用太阳能板，故选C。 5. Which of the following is the best title for the pass
46、age?A.Solar PowerB.Schools Go SolarC.Cheap Energy SourcesD.A Global Perspective答案:B解析 定位 全文。 答案详解 主旨大意题。题干问的是“以下哪一项是最佳的标题?”本文首段便提到谢里丹社区的学校是第一个由太阳能供电的学校，接着指出太阳能优势，最后讲学生们通过太阳能学习知识。所以，全文总体上围绕学校里的太阳能发展展开论述。故选B。 Part Vocabulary and StructureDirections: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For
47、each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.问题:1. _ Hong Kong is one of _ busiest seaports in the world.A.The; theB./; /C.The; /D./; the答案:D解析 译文 香港是世界上最繁忙的港口之一。 本题考查冠词用法。专有名词比如唯一的地名前不加冠词，形容词最高级前要加定冠词the，故选D。 问题:2. The old man _ dead in the snow the next morning.A.foundB.was found