《粤语外来语（Cantonese Loanwords）.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《粤语外来语（Cantonese Loanwords）.doc（13页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、粤语外来语（Cantonese Loanwords）Cantonese LoanwordsCantonese, English and MandarinSandwich sandwichGroove (female) courtTips tipsCara colorCastel cast castNo cure minceSARS Kennedy sharkskin sharkSalad saladPolice Sergeant Sergeant Sergeant;Pulse passParty partyFast labor fileLocated at MissGay gayStore s
2、toreStrawberry StrawberrySpanner spanner wrenchShi Le Lac shellacCarnival CarnivalMr. fashionEggplant carefreeJames licenseMop up sugar toffeeTake partner.PoseBus busChocolate chocolateHe lives HollywoodGel jellyMilk milk shake milk ice creamHot dog hot dogSauna saunaComb sodaWaste visaWafer waferGr
3、anville wireTrendy smartSun cured tobacco sizeDaddy daddyMommy mammyThe new sundae.FaceTires tirecaseBurglary of burglary case burgleWave ball sphereFriction motor motorFilm film filmSnooker snooker snooker, snookerBikini bikini bikinisCantonese loanwords and the influence of western cultureCantones
4、e loanwords and the influence of western cultureLiu JiangCantonese is also called Cantonese, and locals are called vernacular. Cantonese is one of the seven dialects in China, and it is also a very distinctive dialect. Due to the rapid economic development in Guangdong and the prosperity of Hong Kon
5、g and Macao, the status of Cantonese is rapidly rising, becoming a strong dialect. In the Cantonese vocabulary, it is not difficult to find many foreign words, especially the English loanwords, which become one of the characteristics of Cantonese which is different from other dialects. With the incr
6、easing frequency of foreign contacts in China, loanwords from English are increasing, and the multi-level and multi-channel communication between Chinese and foreign cultures provides a variety of conditions for the borrowing of words. A large number of words borrowed from English in Cantonese is a
7、product of Guangdong in the forefront of reform and opening up as the position and its special status in the history of the western culture and communication in fusion, can also see Guangdong culture in the past and now influenced by western culture and infiltration from.First, the influence of west
8、ern culture on CantoneseAfter the Opium War in 1840, China doors open, the United Kingdom as the representative of Western civilization is the sound of the guns in the beach head. The influence of religion, culture and life style spread to china. Hongkong was ceded to Britain, Guangdong was forced t
9、o set up a trading port, in the long-term contacts with foreign countries, Cantonese will absorb a lot of foreign words, mainly from English Loanwords in Hongkong Cantonese, but also absorb more strongly affect the territory of Guangdong cantonese. These foreign words have been mandarin without abso
10、rption, such as the bus, bus, said in Mandarin some Mandarin but although absorption different versions of translation, such as Mandarin salad in Cantonese for salad.Shanghai, one of the earliest open coastal treaty ports in China, has also incorporated a large number of English Loanwords into its l
11、anguage in the exchange and collision of eastern and Western cultures. When Shanghai became the Oriental Wall Street, western modern civilization became a fashion trend in Shanghai. The appearance of new things and new concepts is directly quoted in dialects. Such as civilization stick called Stick
12、(stick), socket called plug and so on. There are many similarities between loanwords in Shanghai dialect and Cantonese in terms of vocabulary formation. Because of the different nature of the two dialects, the formation of loanwords has its own dialect features. Modern young people of Shanghai speak
13、 with modern words sometimes visible phenomenon, this copycat used to make Shanghai dialect is always in fashion, to promote the modernization of the society.Modern China: from Opium War to the 54 movement,It is the two stage for Chinese people to learn western culture. The effect of science and tec
14、hnology, culture, western advanced ideas reflected in changes in peoples way of life and the language of the foreign. The intense thirst for knowledge in the western world prompted English to become a tool at that time. A large number of loanwords have entered Chinese dialects in various forms, espe
15、cially Cantonese and Shanghai dialect. A large number of immigrants to the various dialects in modern Cantonese to overseas Chinese, overseas Chinese are widely spread, extensive use of Guangdong dialect, also put some characteristics in their language (especially vocabulary) to absorb the local dia
16、lect, Guangdong dialect has caused a lot of loanwords of English is.The first borrowed words can reflect the changes of life. For example, before the new Chinese establish some English loanwords, such as wave (ball ball), tie (tire, tire) reflect the emergence of new things in life. Most of the loan
17、words in Cantonese are English borrowings, mostly nouns, most of which are new things in the period of loanwords. These new things have been brought by foreigners from China, and also brought back by overseas chinese. Loanwords may initially appear in the special class. Who is the first to use loanw
18、ords? According to linguistics, words have the function of giving the speaker a social mark belonging to a certain group, which embodies some deep cultural psychology. It is possible to say that there are several special groups of people who originally used borrowed words. The returned overseas Chin
19、ese and their relatives may be the initial users of loanwords, and the Chinese who have business relations with foreigners or work in the institutions of foreigners may also convert the foreign languages they encounter into loanwords.Before liberation, most English words were used in industrial term
20、s. This is related to the use of British tools or the influence of British Industrial Technology in modern industrial times. Such as: motor (motor) from motor, and take (wrench) from spanner (LAC), Shi Le from shellac, visa (waste cotton wiping machine) derived from womb, Wei (rope) from wire, the f
21、ilm (film from film). The people put the car fitter tools called wild card cards, called smoke inside the west, room mate called mechanic , referred to as the open wheel and so on, are signs of absorption of foreign words. As for the ball as wave (Ball), said the shooting as shirt (shoot), visible t
22、o the first modern western sports in Guangzhou; me, said the microphone for saxophone for wind (Shai Shifeng), the violin for the Vatican s visible western music earlier to Guangzhou; known as shirt T-shirt , tie tie , Shi , a stamp for soil Dan and sofas as comb , chocolate chocolate, baking powder
23、, baking powder, rental car for taxi, public bus bus, visible Guangzhou people basic necessities of life than the mainland people deeply influenced by Western culture.Some of these transliteration words are identical with the original words in foreign languages, but they are not the same; most of th
24、em are similar to the original words, but most of them are adapted to the phonological system of Guangzhou dialect. It can be said that the emergence of these words is Guangzhou dialect in order to adapt to social changes and communication needs and borrowed words. But it is not confined to a stereo
25、typed pattern, there is a direct transliteration, such as tips (tip, tip), Yan comb (insurance); some are transliteration with that word, such as baking powder (baking powder), cap (CAP); some are transliterated and translated. Such as Coca-Cola, really cool; some are completely free, such as hot do
26、g (with Sausage Bread); some are, (only part of translation, such as syllable) mi (microphone, microphone).Exist in Guangzhou dialect words already, but there is also a process of development, such as many words before the new China established after liberation is no longer in use, especially during
27、 the Cultural Revolution, with the decrease in foreign exchanges, a lot of loanwords has been replaced. For example, the idea of bus, before liberation, but no longer used twenty or thirty years ago, but instead referred to as people steam (peoples car), but in recent years, the bus saying began to
28、use again.Of course, there are some loan words no longer Resurrection, and with the increase of Guangzhou peoples foreign contacts, new loanwords will also be produced. Borrowed words are very important to foreign communication, which can be regarded as the foreign culture in cantonese. Before liber
29、ation, Guangzhou, Hongkong and Macao were called provinces, Hong Kong and Macao, and Cantonese phonetics was in line with each other. Loanwords were also popular in three places. By the middle of 50s to 70s, Guangzhous foreign contacts were relatively reduced, new loanwords were not abundant, while
30、loanwords from Hongkong increased greatly. Until the reform and opening up in 80s, the Guangzhou people and Hong Kong and Macao compatriots, overseas Chinese exchanges greatly increased, a large number of new loanwords from Hongkong, Macao spread to Guangzhou area and rapidly popular.One of the orig
31、ins of Cantonese, Guangzhous history of foreign trade records can be traced back to more than two thousand years ago, the frequent commercial activities and profound business culture, making Cantonese more open, more distant vision. When the survival of the environment, the hardest time, coupled wit
32、h the coastal, maritime traffic is relatively easy, the Cantonese will travel to seek development, making overseas Chinese be handed down from age to age, with the majority of cantonese. Under such historical background, Guangdong culture is deeply influenced by overseas, especially western culture.
33、 Part of the privileged classs worship of western culture is reflected in changes in lifestyle and language westernization, and their behavior tends to become the norm of fashion. Through indirect or direct communication, Loanwords in Cantonese are more and more widely used, and even become a tool t
34、o express themselves.Two. Communication with the world in the process of modernization of CantoneseThe influence of English on Cantonese is the cause of the introduction of English vocabulary into cantonese. The existence and development of language can not be separated from communication. It is com
35、munication that leads to the influence of a language on another language. English has become a common language in international communication. The latest achievements in politics, economy, science and technology, society, etc. are often expressed in English. In other countries, the language itself i
36、s consciously or unconsciously influenced by english. After Guangdongs reform and opening up, it has been integrated into the international community. In order to make greater contributions to mankind on the international stage, Guangdong must strengthen its exchanges with other countries. This kind
37、 of international communication has made Cantonese use English a lot, and at the same time, it has enhanced the influence of English on cantonese.In recent years, the network of fashion, the emergence of a large number of new things, new concepts, new words, foreign words in Chinese is increasing, t
38、he form is generally English words and abbreviations, such as APEC, WTO, CPU, OK, MBA etc. This kind of words is the original English word, regardless of pronunciation or writing copying English words, the words in Chinese and English word meaning is the same. Cantonese, as a local dialect and Manda
39、rin, is complementary to the absorption of English original words. The speed and scope of the absorption of the original words in Mandarin are more extensive than those in Cantonese. The absorption of the original words by Cantonese is often influenced by Putonghua, sometimes synchronized, sometimes
40、 before and after. It is worthwhile to pay attention to the phenomenon of quoting English original words in chinese. English words frequently appear in Chinese, beginning with oral language, and later developed into written language, many have been used in official documents, such as APEC, WTO and s
41、o on.From the past one hundred or two hundred years to now, Chinese people have been exploring self-help, and in this process, the Chinese people are also deeply aware of their backwardness and the strong west. This process has formed a deep-rooted consciousness of Western worship. Western worship m
42、akes us learn western from all directions, accelerates our progress, and shortens our distance from the west. Due to historical reasons and geographical advantages, Cantonese have more opportunities to contact the outside world.Loanwords from English in the new period are large in number and wide in
43、 scope, especially in science and technology loan words. This shows that science has no boundaries, and the scientific and cultural knowledge created by mankind is shared by all mankind. The spread of scientific and technological communication around the world has brought some scientific and technic
44、al terms from one language into many languages, which is accepted by most of the cultural groups.On the other hand, it shows the special position and influence of English as an international lingua franca. The words related to science and technology in Cantonese include cyanide, mountain, starter, p
45、otassium, fork (charging), and so on, which originated from charge. With the rapid development of mass media, different cultures and arts fuse with each other, and words about western moral culture, values and art are emerging. In Cantonese vocabulary related to culture and arts class (CAST) from ca
46、st, peanut show (fashion show) from fashion show, disco (nightclub) from disco, class (band) from band, sauna (steam bath) from sauna and the base (gay) from gay, etc. Many English Loanwords in Cantonese are words that are closely related to everyday life. The pace of modern life is speeding up, new
47、 things and new products are emerging, which can be clearly reflected in the absorption of loanwords. As in the diet milkshake (milk ice cream) from milk shake, custard (custard) from custard, Gillette (schnitzel) from cutlet, buffet (buffet) from buffet, etc. In sports with bu (boxing) from boxing,
48、 snooker (snooker, snooker) from snooker, bikini (bikinis) from Bikini, etc.For a long time, it has been the basic attitude and Countermeasure for China to face the world civilization that the middle school is the body and the western learning is used. So, when faced with the continuous development of market economy and the globalization tide swept, Guangdong area culture and wisdom are able to skillfully to external things eclectic, shaping it for their own