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1、第六章 健康人格的塑造（The sixth chapter is the shaping of healthy personality）Sixth chaptersShaping healthy personalityThe society is just like a mirror, everything a person does can be reflected by it, good or bad, good or evil, normal or abnormal, or not to adapt, in the course of time, personal image is re
2、flected in the society. The whole image of an individual in society is the psychological characteristic of an individual that is different from that of others, and is called personality. In todays society, more and more people pay more attention to the influence of personality on mental health. Coll
3、ege students should strive for healthy personality, happy study and happy life!Our personality is growing, growing and maturing. Every moment has a new personality to add them on.- BergsonSection 1 overview of personalityPersonality and characteristics(1) definition of personalityPersonality refers
4、to the quality of an individuals outward impressions, the roles he plays in life, and the personal qualities, reputation, and dignity that correspond to the role.(two) characteristics of personalityPersonality is an organization of human characteristics, is also a psychological phenomenon. According
5、 to psychology, personality has the following four basic characteristics:1., the integrity of personalityThe overall personality refers to the personality although there are a variety of components and characteristics, such as ability, temperament, personality, needs, motivation, attitudes and value
6、s, but in a real person, they do not exist independently, but perplexing, intertwined; their interaction is interconnected. To form an organic whole.2. stability and plasticity of personalityThe stability of personality refers to the continuity of personality across time and coherence across situati
7、ons. Personality is stable, but it does not mean that personality is immutable and rigid, and personality is also plastic. It changes with the change of the real environment.3., the uniqueness and unity of personalityThe uniqueness of personality refers to the psychological and behavioral difference
8、s between people. The uniqueness of personality does not exclude the psychological and behavioral similarities among people. The same nation, the same class and the same group have similar personality characteristics.4., the social and biological nature of personalityThe sociality of personality mea
9、ns that socialization turns people into members of society, and personality is peculiar to the people of society. Socialization is the process in which individuals acquire social experience and behavior norms and acquire themselves in their interactions with others. At the same time, personality als
10、o has a certain biological, personality is also subject to individual biological constraints. Personality is formed on the basis of individual heredity and biology. The biological nature of personality influences the direction and mode of personality development, and determines the formation of some
11、 personality traits.Two, personality development and typesEach persons personality development and molding have undergone different stages of development, and can be roughly divided into the embryonic stage, the reconstruction stage and the mature stage. In the process of personality formation and d
12、evelopment, personality and temperament are closely related to personality. There is no personality without personality, nor personality without temperament. In the strict sense, personality is the evaluation of personality, while personality is the reappraisal of personality. The study of temperame
13、nt and personality is of great significance to the formation and development of personality, especially to the personality formation of young people.1. temperamentModern psychology divides human temperament into four typical types, namely, bile, blood, mucus and depression. Each kind of temperament
14、types psychological characteristic and its typical performance are different.(1) bile quality. The basic characteristic of a man of this temperament is that he has high excitability and weak inhibition, and thus shows balance in behavior. As follows: energetic, optimistic, love impulse, easy to chan
15、ge, easily excited, adventurous, not quiet, love angry.(2) sanguine temperament. Belong to this kind of temperament with nerve balance and flexible, easy to adapt to the environment, lively, sensitive, quick response, good communication, wisdom, unwilling to remain out of the limelight, agile, atten
16、tion is easy to transfer characteristics. Social, cheerful, talkative, sensitive, casual, active, caring, free, and a good leader.(3) mucinous.People of this temperament are basically quiet, balanced, sedate, moderate in communication, slow in reaction and reserved in speech. Summed up as: calm, gen
17、tle, trustworthy, thoughtful, cautious, cautious and passive.(4) depressive substance. People of this temperament have unique characteristics, such as the act of being withdrawn, slow in reaction, sentimental, and deep in experience. Summed up as: quiet, social, restrained, pessimistic, thinking, ri
18、gid, moody, sentimental.The above four types of temperament is only a typical division, in real life, which belongs to the four typical types of temperament is a minority, the majority of people are close to a certain temperament, but also has the characteristics of other temperament.Temperament is
19、not good or bad, each temperament has positive and negative aspects, therefore, as a university student, should correctly treat their temperament characteristics.2. characterIf temperament is an external color in the personality system that influences its characteristic form, then personality is the
20、 characteristic of personality and the core component in the system.According to the Libido (Libido) the tendency to divide, the character can be divided into extroversion and introversion type. These two basic tendencies have four mental functions, namely, thinking, feeling, feeling and intuition.
21、The domination of these four mental functions leads to eight types of personality:(1) extraverted thinking. Such people pay attention to understanding the laws of natural phenomena and objective things, thinking more than feeling, and they like to analyze problems, deal with problems, stress logical
22、 order, and have the ability to judge and identify.(2) introverted thinking type. This type of people do not care about the external reality, to self oriented, emotional apathy, alienated from people, stubborn, paranoid, inconsiderate.(3) extraverted emotion type. This person is easy to emotional, s
23、trong emotional reaction, passionate love, plush, subject to changing moods.(4) introverted. Emotional calm, do not show outward, silent, indifferent to people, depression, and sometimes quiet, deep, giving a sense of self-confidence and self-sufficiency.(5) extraversion sensation type. Such people
24、assess life according to their sense of value, pay attention to the actual, emotional experience, superficial, and do not think more about the meaning of the existence of things.(6) introverted feeling. Such people can not go deep into things, pay attention to the inner feelings of individuals, betw
25、een things and the self perception, observe everything, lack of practical thoughts and emotions.(7) extraverted intuition. Such people intuitively observe things and solve problems, not satisfied with the stable situation, cannot maintain the long pursuit of the goal of interest, repeated daily thin
26、gs easily bored, continue to shift direction.(8) Introverted iNtuition type. People of this type do not care about external things, take their own images as the main thing, jump from one image to another, but can not go beyond the scope of personal intuition, and the heart is full of fantasy.A promi
27、nent feature of College Students personality development is the character of self recognition and self control to improve the level, will often take the initiative to consciously observe myself, analysis, summary and evaluation of attitude and behavior of their own and actively make adjustments in o
28、rder to adapt to the environment and improve the purpose of self.Second common personality disorders and adjustmentI. characteristics of personality development of Contemporary College StudentsCollege students are in a special period of rapid physical and mental development and self consciousness di
29、fferentiation, so the university stage is still an important period of continuous development of personality. The contemporary college students in personality development can correct self cognition, intelligent structure perfect and reasonable on the social environment, the ability to adapt, continu
30、e to carry out social activities, enterprising, have certain creativity and competitive consciousness, emotional stability and volatility, explicit and implicit coexist, positive emotion rich and colorful. The dominant mood, emotional experience in learning and life.Two, University Students bad pers
31、onality and adjustmentBad personality, also called personality defect, is a kind of personality state between normal personality and personality disorder. It can also be regarded as a bad tendency of personality development,Or a mild personality disorder. Common negative personality traits include i
32、nferiority, shyness, suspicion, narrowness, impatience, procrastination, depression, anxiety, etc.(I) inferioritySome students do not have an encounter, or think complaining become dejected and despondent, incapable of action and willing to fail, lose confidence in the future, downhearted. These are
33、 the manifestations of inferiority. The causes of inferiority are not only the attitude of life, the quality of will, but also the factors of cognitive error and immaturity of personality. Some are frustrated by disillusionment and frustrations. This is actually the use of inferiority to deal with s
34、etbacks, the result is to use setbacks to fight against their own, in the existing sense of failure, but also add a new sense of failure.Inferiority complex is a kind of serious unhealthy psychology, which is harmful to peoples body and mind. German psychologist Peter Raust put forward some valuable
35、 suggestions:(1) the more the more feel alarmed disaster. Therefore, be sure to understand the power of positive attitudes, and believe that hope and optimism can lead you to victory.(2) seek positive factors even when the situation is difficult. In this way, you wont give up trying to win a small v
36、ictory. The more optimistic you are, the more courage you will overcome.(3) accept the failure in reality with a humorous attitude. A man with a sense of humor has the ability to overcome bad luck easily and eliminate bad luck.(4) neither be troubled by adversity, nor dream of miracles, be down-to-e
37、arth and persistent, and go all out to win.(5) no matter how severe the situation is pushing you, you should also find favorable conditions. Soon, youll find that you have small successes everywhere. In this way, self-confidence will naturally increase.(6) do not use inferiority as a buffer to prote
38、ct your disappointment. Optimism is the flower of hope. It gives strength.(7) you failed, but you have to think that you have been successful many times, and thats something to be thankful for. If you have done five of the ten and done five wrong, then you have every reason to celebrate, because you
39、 have succeeded in solving the five problem.(8) in your leisure time, try to approach optimistic people, observe their actions, and cultivate your optimism by observing, and the spark of optimism will slowly ignite in your heart.(9) know that inferiority is not innate. Like other human attitudes, in
40、feriority can not only be alleviated, but also transformed into a new attitude by effort, which is optimism.(10) if optimism makes you successful, then you should believe the conclusion that optimism is the source of success.In addition, to cultivate a wide range of interests and hobbies, to partici
41、pate in collective activities, to strengthen physical exercise, to see more humorous drama, comic dialogue and other programs to bring laughter, are conducive to fostering an optimistic personality.(two) shynessShyness is not uncommon among college students, such as not in public opinion, afraid of
42、dealing with strangers, I see students will know what to do, see the teacher speak embarrassed, nervous etc. Shyness is the result of too much self defense psychology. It hinders interpersonal communication, influences individuals ability to play normally, and leads to depression, loneliness and anx
43、iety.Although there are some relations between shyness personality traits and neural types, more or less are acquired factors. So, through conscious regulation, it can be changed.(1) we should make a concrete analysis of ourselves, find our own strengths and weaknesses, develop our strengths and str
44、engthen our confidence and compensate for our shortcomings, especially to see more of our strengths to strengthen our confidence.(2) lay down the burden of thought. In fact, everyone has a shy psychology, but some people are good at regulating, pay attention to exercise. Every bean has its black., a
45、 person say or do the wrong things not what terrible, theres no shame, wrong is correct.(3) dont take too much notice of other peoples opinions. The so-called gold will be many voices speaking, melting, the others say in your heart is what do not dare to do cant do anything,Dare not say. As long as
46、you see, do it boldly. No matter how well you do, nobody can praise you.(4) exercise yourself consciously. Courage and ability are the result of exercise. You should dare to say the first sentence and dare to take the first step. Once you do, you will find that you are not only capable of doing thin
47、gs well, but also have the potential to do better.(three) suspicionThe so-called suspicion, a guess, two doubts, doubts are based on speculation, often lack of factual basis, and sometimes there is a lack of reasonable logic of thinking. Good suspicion of the students are often sensitive to people a
48、nd things, suspicious, and see the students carrying their own words, they are suspicious of their own bad words; a classmate did not say hello to himself, then guess he (she) to their views.When there is suspicion, you can try to use the following methods to adjust:(1) when a doubt arises, do not expose it, but be careful to observe the person and thing you suspect; if the doubt is confirmed, you will not be shocked; when suspicion is not established, you should dispel suspicion. Because it has not been exposed, nor will it hurt others.(2) strengthen communication. Su