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1、定语从句1关系代词引导的定语从句一、考点、热点回顾【词汇辨析】1 .every day & everydayevery day 每天，作时间状语。everyday是形容词，”每天的，日常的“。eg: She learns some everyday English every day. 她每天学一些日常英语。He goes to bed late every day.他每天睡觉很晚。2 . between & amongbetween常用于表示两者之间，或用于表示三者或三者以上的众多事物两两之间among 一般指在三者或三者以上众多事物之中。eg: Tom is between Ann and
2、 Mary.汤姆在安和玛丽之间。They talked among themselves while they waited. 他们边等着边互相谈话【固定搭配】to do / doing在英语中，有些动词或动词短语后既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词做宾语，但意思不同1 .forget to do 忘记做某事I nsorry I forgot to post the letter.forget doing 做过某事忘了I forgot telling him the news the other day.2 . stop to do 停下来做某事He stopped to talk to me w
3、hen he saw me in the street yesterday.stop doing 停止做某事Please stop talking loudly in the library.3 .try to do尽力做某事 I try to get there before sunset.我将尽量在日落前赶到那里。try doing 试着做某事 Why not try knocking at the back door? 为什么不试一试敲后门？4 .regret to do 遗憾地将做某事I regret to say that I can go with you.regret doing
4、 后悔做过某事I regret missing such a good chance of practising my spoken English.【关系代词引导的定语从句】(一)、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一 名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.2) You must do everything that I do .上面两句中的 man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有
5、关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格 whose)和关系副词 where, whenwhy关系词常有三个作用1、引导定语从句2、代替先彳T词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分(二)、关系代词引导的定语从句1. who指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way .2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you ta
6、lked about .注意：关系代词 whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 Football is a game which is liked by most boys . ( which 在句子中做主语 )(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday . ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时，相当于 who或者whom ;指物时，相当于 whic
7、h。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.(在句子中做主语 )(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning ?(在句子中做宾语)5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 He has a friend whose father is a doctor .(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in .whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The cl
8、assroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow ?=Do you like the book is yellow ?II、结】:一一、关系代词引导定语从句时，可 作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。如：代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whom/whowhichthat定语whose (= of whom )
9、whose (= of which )1 .This is the doctor who came from London.2 .The book which / that I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy.3 . The desk whose leg is broken is very old.4 . This is the room that /which Shakespeare was born in.二、使用关系代词时应|注意|以下几点:1 .如果先行词是 all, anything, something, nothing, everyth
10、ing, little,none 等不定代词,关系代词一般 只用that ,不用 which。例如： All that arepresent burst into tears.2 .如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very 等词修饰,关系代词常 用that , 不用 which 。例如： The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.3 . which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念 或部分概念。在这
11、种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思与and this相似。例如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.4 .先行词中 既有人又有物 时,关系代词应该 用that。例如： The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.5 .介词+关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。此结构中的介词 可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to, at, o
12、f, without 等，关系代词常常 只可用 whom 或 which ,不可用 that。例如： The room in which t here is a machine is a workshop.像 listen to , look at , depend on , pay attention to , take care of 等固定短语动词，在定语从句 中一般不将介词与动词分开。例如： This is the boy whom she has taken care of.二、典型例题()1、 -Do you know the man is talking with your fa
13、ther ?-Yes, he s our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom()2、 The girl is reading under the tree my sister.A. which ; isB. whom ; wasC. who; isD. who; was()3、Have you seen the film Titanic actors are very famous?A whoB whoseC thatD whom()4、Ann asked the policeman he worked to contact him wheneve
14、r there was an accident.A with himB with whomC whoD whom()5、A child parents are dead is called an orphan.A which B hisC whoseD with()6、This is the reason he told me.A、that B、whyC、on which D、for that()7、Do you know the scientist gave us a talk just now?A. whoB. whomC. whichD. whose()8、This is the dic
15、tionary Mum gave me for my birthday.A. which B. whatC. whoseD. whom()9、Shaolin Temple lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home andabroad.A. where B. which C. who D. what()10、Do you know the girl is standing under the tree? She is my little sister.A. who B. whom C. whose D. wh
16、ich三、课后练习()1. Beijing is the 29th city holds the Olympic Games.A. where B. thatC. which D. what()2. Have you read the book I gave you yesterday?A. thatB. whenC. where()3. The man came to our party with a present is my old friend.A. whenB. whichC. who()4. I like writers write short stories.A. which B
17、. what C. whom D. who()5. This is the question we are talking about now.A. that B. who C. where D. when()6. What are you looking for?-I am looking for the book I bought yesterday.A. whoB. whichC. whose()7. Jack, there is someone in the office would like to speak with you.A. whoB. whichC. whom()8. If
18、 a bag is filled with books and pens, it must belong to someone works hard.A. whichB. /C. whom D. who()9. Many young people prefer the songs have great lyrics.A. whichB. whoC. where D. whom()10. Even teachers can t understand some expressions their students use in daily life.A. whoseB. whoC. that D.
19、 whom()11. The bridge a big ship can go has been built.A. under whichB. under thatC. in whichD. on which()12. The book is torn is mine.A. the cover of whichB. the cover of thatC. which the coverD. whose cover of()13. He talked about the classmates and the school he had visited.A. whoB. thatC. whichD
20、. about which()14. You have seen the girl sister is a Chinese teacher.A. whomB. of whomC. whoseD. of which()15. We should do all is useful to people.A. /B. thatC. itD. which()16. We came to a place they had never paid a visit before.A. whichB. in whichC. on whichD. to which()17. Those finished doing
21、 it put up your hands.D. haveC. which have()19. The man was a friend of mine.A. that you just talkedtoB.whom you just talkedto himC. who you just talkedto himD.which you just talkedto()20. I went to the school my father once worked.A. thatB.whichC. whereD.on which()21. I shall never forget those yea
22、rs I lived in the country with the farmers,has agreat effect on my life.A. that; whichB. when; whichC. which; thatD. when; who()22. The weather turned out to be very good,was more than we could expect.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it()23. Carol said the work would be done by October,personally I doubt ve
23、ry much.A. itB. thatC. whenD. which()24. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, , of course, made the othersunhappy.A. whoB. whichC. thisD. what()25. Have you seen the film Titanic,leading actor is world famous?A. itsB. itsC. whoseD. which典型例题 1B2C3b4b5c6a 7a8a9b10a课后练习 1B2A3D4D
24、 5-9ABADA 10C11 解析：考查定语从句随意性关系引导词。基本常识：定语从句随意性关系引导词由搭配介词 +which/whom 构成，先行词指人用前者，先行词指事/ 物用后者。定语从句引导词的判断方法为将先行词想方设法放入从句，使从句成为一个完整且有先行词成分的陈述句。 此句中， 先行词为 the bridge; 从句为 a big ship can go, 二者构成的完整句为A big ship can go under the bridge.因此， 答案为 A12 解析：考查定语从句随意性关系引导词以及所属关系引导词。 此句中先行词为the book, 从句应为 cover is
25、 torn, 二者构成的完整句为the cover of the book is torn. 因此随意性关系引导词结构为 the cover of which 或所属关系引导词结构whose cover.因此，答案为A13 解析：考查先行词即指人又指物的定语从句相同意思引导词。定语从句相同意思引导词基本要点，无论限定性还是非限定性定语从句的主宾表引导词均为相同意思引导词。先行词指事物的情况，用引导词which. 此句中，先行词为the classmates and the schoo，l 从句为 he had visited, 二者构成的完整句为 He had visited the clas
26、smates and the school. 所以不难发现先行词在限定性定语从句中作visited 的宾语使用，先行词既指人又指物。 因此，答案为B14解析：考查定语从句所属关系引导词。此句先行词为the girl,定语从句为sister is a Chinese teacher二者构成的完整句为The girls sister is a Chinese teacher.先行词的s所有格构成的所属关系结构在从句中作定语。因此， 答案只能为C.定语从句固定关系引导词相关要点：先行词在定语从句中除作从句主宾表成分以外的成分，均为相关意思引导词，其中包括固定关系引导词和随意性关系引导词。固定关系引导
27、词只有when（时间关系），where （地点关系），why（先行词为the reason,原因关系）whose （所属关系，包括s所有格关系和of所有格关系，由whose修饰的名词成分前不能用冠词成分，whose应为名词的前置性定语成分） ；随意性关系引导词为相关搭配介词 +which/whom 构成的引导词结构充当。15 解析：考查限定性定语从句中先行词为不定代词的相同意思引导词。 此句中先行词all 为不定代词，从句为is useful topeople,从句缺主语，二者构成的完整句为 All is useful to people.为了便于理解， All =All the things
28、/ everything.所以从句的完整句还可以写成Everything is useful to people; 或 All the things are useful to people. 因此，答案为 B16 解析：考查定语从句随意性关系引导词。此句先行词为 a place, 从句为 they had never paid a visit before, 二者构成的完整 句为 They had never paid a visit to the place before. 因此，答案为D 。此句的可转换概念进行相同意思引导词的考查，题干为Wecame to a place they ha
29、d never visited before. 其答案可以为 which/that/ 省略引导词。17 解析：考查为指示代词在从句中作主语的指代分析以及引导词的数量。此句中，those为定语从句的先行词，相当于thosestudents/clerks, finished diong it 为定语从句成分， 从句缺主语以及谓语动词的完成时态助动词。 主语指人， 用一般引导词who, 引导词数量与先行词一致为复数。 因此， 答案为 A19 解析：考查完整的定语从句。此句中先行词在从句中作介词宾语，先行词相同意思用引导词充当， 先行词指人。因此，答案为 A20 解析：考查定语从句相关意思引导词。此句
30、先行词 the school, 定语从句 my father once worked, 二者构成的完整句 o 为 My father once worked in the school. in the school可以用固定关系引导词中的地点关系引导词where表示，也可以用随意性关系引导词 in which 表示。 因此，答案为 C21 解析：前一空考查定语从句相关意思引导词；后一空考查定语从句整句先行词相同意思引导词。前一定语从句的完整句为Ilived in the country with the farmers those years. 先行词在从句中作非主宾表成分，先行词与时间相关。
31、后一定语从句的完整句在理解基础上的意思转换为 The experience has a great effect on my life. The experience= I lived in the country with the farmers those years。所以为整句先行词在从句中作主语。因此，答案为B22 解析：考查定语从句整句先行词在从句中作主语。非限定性定语从句在意思理解基础上的完整句为 This natural phenomenan was more than we could expect. This natural phenomenan= The weather t
32、urned out to be very good. 因此，答案为B23 解析：考查定语从句整句先行词在从句中作宾语。 非限定性定语从句的完整句为Personly I doubt that the work would be doneby October very much. 因此， 答案为 D24 解析：考查非限定性定语从句整句先行词在从句中作主语。非限定性定语从句完整句为 It made the others unhappy that Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play. It=Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play. 在从句中构 成形式主语与真实主语关系。因此，答案为B25 解析：非限定性定语从句引导词考点， 先行词 the film ，放入从句为 The leading actor of the film is world famous, 先行词放入从句为of 所有格作后置性定语，用相关意思引导词中的所属关系引导词。 答案为 C