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1、1,Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill 1874.11.30.1965.1.24.,2,Winston Churchill,Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill was a British politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of t
2、he century and served as Prime Minister twice (194045 and 195155). A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer, and an artist. He is the only British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and was the first person to
3、be made an Honorary Citizen of the United States.,是英国政客和政治家，他领导英国在第二次世界大战期间的。 他被广泛认为是本世纪最伟大的战时领导人之一，并作为担任总理两次（ 1940 - 45 及 1951 - 55 ）。 一位著名的政治家和演说家， 丘吉尔人员在英国的军队，一个历史学家，作家和艺术家。 他是唯一有获得诺贝尔文学奖 的英国首相，而且是第一人，美国名誉公民。,3,Personal details,Born: 30 November 1874Died: 24 January 1965 (aged90) Spouse (s): Clem
4、entine Churchill (m. 19081965) Children : Diana Churchill Randolph Churchill Sarah Tuchet-Jesson Marigold Churchill Mary Soames,Relations Lord Randolph Churchill (father) Lady Randolph Churchill (mother) John Strange Spencer-Churchill (brother) Pamela Harriman (former daughter-in-law) Winston Church
5、ill (grandson),4,Family and Early life,Churchill was born into the aristocratic family of the Dukes of Marlborough. His father, Lord Randolph Churchill was a charismatic politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer; his mother Jenny Jerome, an American socialite. Because of the lack of paren
6、tal contact, he became very close to his nanny, Elizabeth Anne Everest, whom he used to call Old Woom.,5,Education,He was educated at three independent schools: St. Georges School, Ascot, Brunswick School in Hove and then at Harrow School from 17 April 1888, where his military career began. After Ch
7、urchill left Harrow in 1893, he applied to attend the Royal Military College, Sandhurst Winston Churchill graduated from the royal military academy at sandhurst in 1894.,Churchill in military uniform in 1895,6,A young Winston Churchill on a lecture tour of the United States in 1900,Churchill in mili
8、tary uniform in 1895,7,Early Political career,Churchill with the Royal Scots Fusiliers, 1916,8,Churchills election poster for the 1900 general election. He contested Oldham, and won one of the seats. After the Whitsun recess in 1904 he crossed the floor to sit as a member of the Liberal Party. When
9、the Liberals took office with Henry Campbell-Bannerman as prime minister, in December 1905, Churchill became Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies dealing mainly with South Africa after the Boer War. When Campbell-Bannerman was succeeded by Herbert Henry Asquith in 1908, Churchill was promoted t
10、o the Cabinet as President of the Board of Trade In 1910, he was promoted to Home Secretary In 1911, Churchill was transferred to the office of the First Lord of the Admiralty, a post he held into the First World War. In 1915, he resigned from the government, remaining an MP,9,In March 1916, Churchi
11、ll returned to England after he had become restless in France and wished to speak again in the House of Commons. In July 1917, Churchill was appointed Minister of Munitions In 1919, Secretary of State for War and Secretary of State for Air,10,Winston Churchill (highlighted) at Sidney Street, 3 Janua
12、ry 1911,丘吉尔（圆圈者）在1911年1月3日到现场视察锡得尼街之围,In early January 1911, Churchill made a controversial visit to the Siege of Sidney Street in London. There is some uncertainty as to whether he attempted to give operational commands, and his presence attracted much criticism.,11,First term as prime minister,On
13、10 May 1940, hours before the German invasion of France by a lightning advance through the Low Countries, it became clear that, following failure in Norway, the country had no confidence in Chamberlains prosecution of the war and so Chamberlain resigned. The commonly accepted version of events state
14、s that Lord Halifax turned down the post of prime minister because he believed he could not govern effectively as a member of the House of Lords instead of the House of Commons. Although the prime minister does not traditionally advise the King on the formers successor, Chamberlain wanted someone wh
15、o would command the support of all three major parties in the House of Commons. A meeting between Chamberlain, Halifax, Churchill and David Margesson, the government Chief Whip, led to the recommendation of Churchill, and, as a constitutional monarch, George VI asked Churchill to be prime minister.
16、Churchills first act was to write to Chamberlain to thank him for his support.,12,After the Conservative Party lost the 1945 election , he became Leader of the Opposition。 保守党失去了1945年大选后，他成为反对党领袖 。,Churchill at Potsdam, July 1945,13,Second term as prime minister,After the General Election of 1951, C
17、hurchill again held the office of Minister of Defence between October 1951 and January 1952. He also became prime minister in October 1951, and his third governmentafter the wartime national government and the brief caretaker government of 1945lasted until his resignation in April 1955.,14,Honours,h
18、e was the first person to become an Honorary Citizen of the United States. Churchill received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953 for his numerous published works, especially his six-volume set The Second World War. In a 2002 BBC poll of the 100 Greatest Britons, he was proclaimed The Greatest of
19、Them All based on approximately a million votes from BBC viewers. Churchill was also rated as one of the most influential leaders in history by TIME. Churchill College, Cambridge was founded in 1958 to memorialise him.,15,Honorary degrees,University of Rochester (LLD) in 1941227 Harvard University i
20、n Cambridge, Massachusetts (LLD) in 1943 McGill University in Montreal, Canada (LLD) in 1944 Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri 5 March 1946 Leiden University in Leiden, Netherlands, honorary doctorate in 1946228 University of Miami in Miami, Florida in 1947 University of Copenhagen in Copenhag
21、en, Denmark (PhD) in 1950,16,17,01 Never, never, never, never give up.永远，永远，永远，永远都不要放弃。02 The whole history of the world is summed up in the fact that, when nations are strong, they are not always just, and when they wish to be just, they are no longer strong.世界历史可以总结为：当一个国家强大的时候，它并不总是公正的。而当它试图去变得公正
22、时，它就不再强大。03 Courage is going from failure to failure without losing enthusiasm.勇气就是不断失败，而不丧失热情。04 This is not the end. It is not even the beginning of the end. But it is, perhaps, the end of the beginning.这不是结束。这甚至不是结束的开始。但，这可能是开始的结束。05 I like a man who grins when he fights.我喜欢微笑着战斗的人。06 True genius
23、 resides in the capacity for evaluation of uncertain, hazardous, and conflicting information.真正的才华体现在对未知、危险和矛盾的信息的判断之中。07 Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak; courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen.站起来说话需要勇气。坐下倾听同样需要。08 Study history, study history. In history lies all the s
24、ecrets of statecraft.学习历史，学习历史。历史中有一切治国之道。,18,09 Success is going from failure to failure without losing enthusiasm.成功就是不断失败，而不丧失热情。10 We shall draw from the heart of suffering itself the means of inspiration and survival.我们应从遭受苦难的心中获得呼吸、生存的方法。11 Attitude is a little thing that makes a big differenc
25、e.态度是小事，但能造成很大区别。12 We make a living by what we get, but we make a life by what we give.我们靠获得的东西生存。但我们靠给予的东西生活。13 A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.悲观主义者从每个机遇中看到困难，乐观主义者从每个困难中看到机遇。14 Nothing is more costly, nothing is more sterile, than vengeance没有比复仇更昂贵、更没用的事情了。15 If you mean to profit, learn to please.如果你想挣钱，学会高兴。16 It is no use saying, We are doing our best. You have got to succeed in doing what is necessary.说“我们尽力了”，没有用。你要在必须做的事情上成功。,19,20,21,22,Thank you,