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1、考点三介词和介词短语考点考纲解读命题趋势介词和 介词短语熟悉常用介词的基本 意义及用法;辨析相 近、易混介词的用法； 掌握常用介词短语的 意义和用法。L语法填空对介词的考查主 要集中在介词的基本用法不 给出提示词。2 语法填空对介词短语的考 查常常是给岀动词或名词等， 设空处要求考生填出与之相 对应的介词。第1步技法探究、介词1 表示方位的 at,in,on,to,beside/b y 和 near介词用法例句at一般指在较小的地 方I met him at the shop in一般指在较大的地 方，或在某一范围内They arrived in Beijing yesterda y.Shan
2、dong Province lies in the east of Chinaon一般指在物体的表 面，或相邻并接壤的 两个地域The picture is hanging on the wall.Mongolia is on the north of China.介词用法例句to表示某范围外接壤 或不接壤的两位置Shandong Province is to the southeast of Hebei Provincebeside/by“在的旁边”She was standing beside her mother.There is a small house by the river.n
3、ear“接近;靠近”There is a supermarket near my home 2 表示方位的between和among介词用法例句between在两者或每两者 之间I sat down between Sue and Janeamong在三者或三者以 上之间The teacher was standing among the students 3 表示方位的 across,through,over 和past介词用法例句across从的表面穿过He walked across the square to meetUSthrough从的内部穿过The guide led us th
4、rough the forestover从的上面跨过The thief jumped over the fence and fled away.past从的旁边经过She walked past the shop4 表示时间的介词表示“在”的at,in,on at表示在某个时间点、时刻或重大节日。例:at 9:00;at noon;at daybreak;at Christmas in表示在某个较长的时间内,世纪、朝代或年月;泛指的上午、下 午、傍晚。例:in the 21st century;in September;in the morning on表示在具体的日子或具体某一天的上午、下午
5、、晚上。例:on 2nd,September;on the morning of 1st,May表示“在之后”的after,in“after+段时间”在过去时句子中作时间状语，相当于“一段时间 +later”;“in+段时间”在将来时句子中作时间状语,指离说话时多 长时间以后。例:He returned home after a week(a week later).例:They will come to visit us in a week.注意:I“after+时间点”可在将来时态的句子中作时间状语;“in+时间段”表 示“在时间之内”时，可用于完成时态或过去时态的句子中。I will a
6、ttend a meeting after two o clock.In the last 10 years,great changes have taken place in this village(3)表不时间段的for, since “for+时间段”意为哆长时间”，表示动作持续的时间长短，一般作 完成时态或过去时态句子的时间状语。例:He has lived in the small village for five years.I studied in Peking University for 4 years. “since+时间点”意为，自从”，作完成时态句子的时间状语。例:I
7、 haven? t heard from him since three years ago.He has been waiting here since 2 o，clock.5 其他介词(1 )表示交通方式的by,in,on“by+名词”表示交通方式时，名词前不加冠词;但是in,on后的名词必 须有冠词或代词等修饰。例:He goes to work by car every day.He goes to work in his car every day.(2)表示用的 by,in,withby侧重方式、方法,多用于表示无形的工具或手段的名词前;in多用 于表示语言、材料的名词前;with
8、多用于表示有形的工具、表示身 体器官的名词前。例:He earned his living by selling newspapers例:Please write the answer in ink.例:They are digging with spades（3）表示除夕卜的except,except for,besidesexcept表示“除之外（其他的都）”，其后的宾语是被排除在外的， 侧重同类事物的排除；except for后被排除的内容与主语往往不是同 一类的;besides表示“除之外（其他的也）”,其后的宾语是被包括 在内的。例:All my friends took part
9、in the party except John.例:His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.例:He has learned German,French besides English二、介词短语介词可以和名词、动词、形容词等构成固定搭配。常考的有:at dawnat daybreakin case(of)at tablefar fromfree fromby the waybe fond ofbe tired ofbe proud ofanswer/key tonext tobe similar todue to
10、thanks tobe popular with apart frominstead ofregardless ofin detailin generalon purposeabove allin allafter allin terms ofin need ofin favor ofin returnin shortin place ofin search offor fear ofin exchange for in addition toin spite ofin vainon account of in charge ofbeyond reach beyond description
11、in a wayin particularas a result of第2步真题试做1. （2019-广东）One day he got a basket of eggs from a kind lady. 解析:句意:一天，他从一位好心的女士那里得到一篮子鸡蛋。结合 句意可知答案为from。2. （2017广 东）She likes to travel and meet new people who have their own opinions that are different from hers.解析:be different from意为与不同是固定短语。3. （2018-浙江6
12、月高考）1 suggest that the next time you go to your mums home for dinner.解析:根据语境可知，用介词for表示目的。4. （2018-课标鬲考 II）It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and from work解析:to and firom来回,为固定用法。in5. （2017-课标鬲考 IH）After school s
13、he plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degreeengineering or architecture.解析:in表示“在某个方面二第3步模拟通关1. （2019-广东珠海五校高二联合检测）While drawing up the plans,Utzon remembered the temples he had seen in Mexico before and used them as his inspiration for the base of the op
14、era house in Sydney解析:此处表示在制订计划的时候,Utzon想起了他以前在墨西哥看 到的那些寺庙，并把它们作为他在悉尼歌剧院的灵感来源”。介词 of表所属关系。the base of意为的基础。2. （2019-广东韶关高二阶段性测试）Beauty standards varyfromculture to culture解析:此处表示“审美标准因文化而异。vary from.to.从到变化冷是固定搭配。3. （2019-广东中山高二期中）When there are many clouds during thenight,they actlike covers on you
15、r bed解析:此处表示“当夜晚有很多云彩的时候,它们就像你床上的被子”。 介词like有“如;像”的意思,act like意为“作用如同4. （2019-广东佛山高二期中）Tea is still a large part of daily life in the UK today,but it seems to be on the decrease解析:此处表示“如今，茶仍是英国日常生活的重要组成部分,但它似 乎在走下坡路。on the decrease是固定搭酉己，意为在下降。5. （2019-广东肇庆高二期中）How great was his surprise at last!Und
16、eT the stone,he found a bag of money解析:根据句意可知，此处用介词短语表示一袋钱的位置是在石头 下面，故填U ndero6. （2019-广东汕头鬲二联考）If I meet with school violencej will notanswer violence withviolence. .1 will tell my teachers or parentsabout it.I think they will help me deal with it well and they will protect me from the bad guys解析:w
17、ith表示“以方式笃符合语境。7. （2019-广东广州天河区高二月考）Finally,try to see thingsfrom the other persons perspective. You may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance 解析:根据空格后面的句意可知,此处指从他人的角度看问题，填 from。8. （2019-广东广州番禺高二联考）1 require a four-year college degreein Finance.解析:此处in表示在领域的概念，故填in。9. （2019-广东佛山模拟考试）1 hope to start my own business to change ordinary houses for people with disabilities.解析:根据语意可知，此处for表示“对于，为了 ”的概念，故填for。10. （2019-广东肇庆鬲二模拟）They appear as/in dreams. 解析:根据句意可知，表示“它们显现为梦境”或“它们在梦境中出现”, 故填as/in。