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1、Secti on II Lear ning about Lan guagei. 高频单词点击1. freezing (adj .)冰冻的，严寒的freeze (v.)使冻结，冷冻frozen (adj.)冷冻 的t freezer (n.)冷冻箱2. stool ( n.)凳子，大便3. gratitude (n.)感激；感恩t grateful ( adj .)感激的4. punishment ( n.)惩罚，惩处t punish( v.)惩罚，惩处I .常用句型必备lt_was_no_wonder_thatFrank Wild , the kindest of men , describe
2、s “crying like a baby ” when he saw Shackleton return at last with the rescue party.川.单元语法聚焦The Attribute ( 定语)一单词点击1. freezing(1) adj.冻结的；冰冻的；极冷的freez ing point 冰点Shut the window ; I ' m freezing !关上窗户，我冷极了!Don' t go out; it ' s freezing outside! 别出去，外面冷极了！(2) adv.冰冻一样地It ' s freezi
3、ng cold outside.外面极为寒冷。(3) n.结冰，冰结In the summer , large crops of fruit may be preserved by freezing or bottling.夏天收获的大量水果可冷藏或装瓶装罐加以保存。freeze v.酷寒，使冻结，冻僵，毛骨悚然Please freeze the fish and meat in order to prevent it from going rotten.请把鱼和肉冷冻起来以防止它们腐烂。It froze hard last night.昨晚冷得厉害。The story he told us
4、froze me with terror.他给我们讲的故事把我吓得毛骨悚然。freezern.冰箱；冰库；冷冻库frozenadj.冷冻的freezing , frozen(1) freezi ng 表示天气，态度等极冷的，冷淡的。frozen 表示食品的冷冻或人的冷淡无情，如a frozen heart冷酷的心,冷冻鱼，常用来修饰名词。即境活用1用freeze的适当形式填空(1) Whatweather it is.(2) The match girl wasdead at ni ght.(3) The smileon her face at the bad n ews.答案：(1)free
5、zi ng (2)froze n(3)froze2. gratitude n.感激；感谢out of gratitude出于感激，报恩地with gratitude感谢地，感激地in gratitude for为答谢He accepted her help with gratitude.他心怀感激地接受了她的帮助。He gave them a lovely bookcase in gratitude for their kindn ess.他送给他们一个精致的书橱以答谢他们的好意。grateful adj.感激的be grateful to sb.for sth.因某事而感激某人I '
6、 m really grateful to you for your kind offer. 对于您善意的帮助，我深表感激。即境活用2(1) 我感谢所有老师的帮助。I amall the teacherstheir help.(2) 他感激地朝他们笑了笑。He smiled at them.frozen fish完成句子答案：(1)grateful to ; for (2)with gratitude3. punishment n .惩罚，惩处He was sent to his room as a puni shme nt.他被罚回到他的房间。The puni shme nt is too
7、much for such a child.对这样一个孩子来说处罚太重了。punish vt.惩罚；粗鲁地对待；大量消耗punish sb.with/by sth.通过某事惩罚某人punish sb.for sth.因为某事惩罚某人She was puni shed for tell ing a lie.她因说谎而被处罚了。即境活用3一用punish的适当.形式填空.(1) The court should make thefit the crime.(2) They have bee nby law.答案：(1)p uni shme nt(2)p uni shed句型归纳lt_was_ no
8、_wonder_thatFrank Wild , the kindest of men, describes “crying likea baby ” when he saw Shackl eton return at last with the rescue party.难怪弗兰克怀尔德一一最友善的船员描述到，当他看到沙克尔顿最终带着救援队返回时，他当时“哭得像个孩子”。It is no won der/No won der (that)+句子这一结构意为：难怪，并不奇怪，当然It is no won der (that) he has passed the exam in ati on.难
9、怪他考试及格了。No wonder he is not hungry ; he has been eating sweets all day.难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖果。wonder n.奇迹，惊讶的事，v.想知道；使惊讶do/work won ders创造奇迹won der at/about (do ing) sth.对感到惊讶We all won dered at his rude ness.我们没想到他那么粗鲁。.即境活用.4.翻译句子(1)难怪他总是考第一。(2)我想知道他在做什么。答案：(1)lt' s no wonder that he always gets the fi
10、rst in the exams. (2)I wonder what he is doing.要点精析定语是用来说明名词或代词的品质与特征的词。可用来作定语的词有形容词、名词或名词所有格、代词、数词、副词、词组或合成词、不定式(短语)、v.-ing形式、过去分词、介词短语以及从句等。1 形容词作定语He is an hon est and hardwork ing boy.他是一个诚实、勤勉的男孩。表语形容词作定语时须后置，如alive , asleep , awake等。people alive活着的人the man awake 醒着的那个人(2) 多个形容词的排序为：限定描绘大长高，形状年
11、龄和新老。颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。a big old sto ne bridge一座大而老的石桥(3) present , proper , left 作定语时后置。all the people prese nt所有在场的人(4) 形容词修饰不定代词时须后置。somethi ng n ecessary 必要的东西(5) 复合形容词作定语时，连字符连接的名词必须是单数。a twenty-meter-long bridge 一座 20 米长的桥2名词作定语They are wome n pilots.她们是女飞行员。(1) woman, man作定语时，当所修饰词为单数时，它们用单数；当所
12、修饰词为复数时， 它们用复数，但boy, girl 一律用单数。(2) 名词作定语时，一般用单数，但某些常用复数的词，当它们用作定语时，也须用复数。如： arms producti on 武器生产； clothes shop 服装商店； sales departme nt营业部。3 代词作定语His proposal is worth con sideri ng.他的建议值得考虑。Whose book is this ?这是谁的书？4 数词作定语The sun is 93,000,000 miles away.太阳离我们九千三百万公里。基数词作定语可以后置。the year 2008,2008
13、 年 Room 315,315 房间。5副词作定语She met me on her way home. 她在回家的路上碰到我。 副词作定语通常后置。the window above 上面的窗户the helicopter outside外面的直升飞机6介词短语作定语We' ll have a report on current affairs on Sunday morning.我们周日上午要听形势报告。7不定式 ( 短语 ) 作定语That ' s the teaching plan for you to discuss. 这就是供你讨论的那份教学计划。不定式作定语表示将来
14、的动作， 且不定式作定语要后置； 或者修饰其前有序数词的名词。 Zhai Zhigang is the first Chinese to walk in space.翟志刚是第一个在太空行走的中国人。There are many problems to deal with. 有许多问题要解决。8 v.-ing 形式作定语a rising sun 一颗冉冉升起的太阳(1) v.-ing 作定语，一个词时放在名词前，短语作定语要后置。the woman living in the next door住在隔壁的女人(2) v.-ing 式作定语表示主动或正在进行的动作。a crying child
15、一个在哭泣的孩子(3) v.-ing 式作定语表示名词的功能。a walking stick 拐杖 9过去分词 ( 短语)作定语 fallen leaves 落叶 the stolen car 那辆被盗汽车 过去分词作定语表被动或已经完成的动作。boiled water 开水10从句作定语引导定语从句的词有关系代词 who， whom，whose，that ， as， which 及关系副词 when， where ， why。无家可归The nu mber of people who/that lost homes reached as many as 250,000.的人数达到25万。Th
16、is is the girl whose father is a professor.这就是那个女孩，她父亲是个教授。China is a developing country， as is known to all.众所周知，中国是个发展中国家。That is the reas on why he is leavi ng so soon.那就是他为什么那么早就离开的原因。考題印证1. (福建高考)With online shopping increasingly popular, the Internet is seenas a(n)way of reach ing target custo
17、mers.A. temporaryB. complexC. accurateD . efficient解析：选D考查形容词辨析。句意：随着网上购物变得越来越流行，网络被看作是一种吸引目标顾客的有效方法。temporary "暂时的”；complex "复杂的”；accurate "准确的”；efficient"有效的，效率高的”。由increasinglypopular "越来越受欢迎”可知，网络是种吸引目标顾客有效的(efficie nt)方法。when the shop will open2.（山东咼考）There s a note pin
18、nedto the dooraga in.A.say ingB . saysC.saidD . having said解析：选A 考查非谓语动词。句意：钉在门上的一张便条上写着商店何时再开张。根 据语境可知所填词要作后置定语修饰note。从逻辑关系上看，note与say之间是主动关系,所以选A项，在此用现在分词作后置定语。3. （浙江高考 ）Amie Salm on, disabled, is atte nded throughout her school days bya nurseto guard her.A. to appointB . appointingC. appo in tedD
19、 . havi ng appo in ted解析：选C考查非谓语动词。句意：身残的阿米萨蒙，在学校由一个指定守护她的护士照料着。appointed 在此充当后置定语，修饰前面的nurse,即point与nurse之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。4. （重庆高考）We' ll reach the sales targets in a monthwe set at thebegi nning of the year.A. whichB . whereC. whenD . what解析：选A 考查定语从句。因为先行词指物，又因为从句的动词 set缺少必要的宾语, 所以只能选A项；D
20、项在从句中虽然可以作宾语但是不能引导定语从句。5. （江苏高考）The book has helped megreatlyin mydaily com muni cati on, especiallyat worka good impressi on is a must.A. whichB . whenC. asD . where解析：选D考查定语从句。本题的先行词是work，使用关系副词 where引导定语从句，在从句中充当状语，相当于in which 。I .单项填空1. The doctor did allhe could to save the wounded soldier.A. w
21、hichB . whatC.不填D . about解析：选C定语从句为he could，省去了动词do。其先行词为all，应用关系代词that，不能用 which。由于是作 he could do 的宾语，that被省略。2. Many students signed up for the race in the sports meeting to be heldn ext week.A. 800-metre-longC. 800 metre lengthB . 800-metres-longD . 800 metres length解析：选A 题意为：许多学生都报名参加下周运动会中的800米
22、赛跑。“数词-单数名词-形容词”构成复合形容词，可用来作定语修饰名词。3 . He hasn ' t slept at all for three days.he is tired out.A. There is no pointB . There is no needC. It is no wonderD . It is no way解析：选 C it is no wo nder. 难怪；不奇怪; there is no way. 不可能 , 没门儿; there is no point. 没用， 无用的；there is noneed. 没有必要。4. Howdo you deal
23、 with the disagreement between the company and the customers?The keythe problem is to meet the demandby the customers.A. to solving ; makingB . to solving ; madeC. to solve ; makingD . to solve ; made解析：选B本题考查介词和分词短语作定语。5 My wife has planted some roses in our garden.A little red beautifulB beautiful
24、 red littleC red little beautifulD beautiful little red解析：选D根据形容词作定语的排列顺序，限定t描绘T大长高T形状T年龄和新老t颜色t国籍t材料t作用t类别，可知三词的排列顺序应为beautiful( 描绘）tlittle（大小）tred（颜色）。6The actress had never experienced sucha situation ，she was surroundedand questioned by many reporters.AwhenBwhereCwhichDthat解析：选 B situation 乍“情形，
25、形势”讲时，是表地点的抽象名词，且后面定语从句中缺状语，因此应选能用作地点状语的关系副词where。7 There are 500in my shoe factory.A woman workersBwomen workerC women workersDwomen' s workers解析：选C man与woman乍定语时比较特殊，若修饰复数名词时,man与woman也变为复数。8He accepted the money given by the government with greatAgratitudeB gratefulCgratefullyD thankful解析：选 A
26、 with gratitude 感激地。9 （ 北京高考 ）There are still many problemsbefore we are ready for along stay on the Moon.AsolvingB solvedC being solvedD to be solved解析：选 D 考查非谓语动词。句意：在我们准备长时间待在月球上之前仍旧有很多问题需要解决。 分析句子结构可知，空处在句中乍定语。 又根据语境可知此处表示没有发生的事，应用不定式形式，同时solve和 problems 之间为动宾关系，因此用不定式的被动式，故选 D 项。10 Close the wi
27、ndow， please.It iscold.AfreezeB frozenCfreezingD froze解析：选 C freezing用乍副词， freezing cold 非常冷。n .完形填空,courage and a spiritGrow ing up is not always easy.Whe n facing difficulties of independence can be more useful than crying for _1_! That ' s what Hong Zhanhui ' s story of _2_boy to man with
28、 family hardships tells us.Hong was born in 1982 in a poor family in XihuaCounty , Henan Provinee.When hewas _3_11, his father became men tally ill and one day came back with an aba ndoned baby girl.A year later , Hong' s mother and younger brother both _4_home because of poverty and pressure fr
29、om his sick father.Their burdens fell onto the12-year-old ' s shoulders : to treat his father ' sillness , to _5_ the adopted sister Chenchen, and to go on to study.Hong didn ' t _6_.Since a young age , he has worked in part-time jobs to feed his family.At the same time , he has studied
30、at college.To take care of Chenchen,he worked hard to _7_ a room near his campus for her, and send her to school.After Hong ' s storywent public , people were _8一to tears by hisunselfishness.Hard_9_his life was, Hong didn ' t abandon his father and the adopted_10., because th ey needed his h
31、elp.With his hard-won money , he even aided otherstude nts _11 aga inst misfort un es.Today whe n many tend to worry more about their own happ in ess, Hong' s deeds_12 us of what we usually neglect : love and care for others.Without these , 13_of us could survive.Hong _14_ don atio ns from other
32、s.He said he felt en couraged by kind offers,but he could _15his own work.Short of money to buy food, the boy climbed talltrees to get birds ' eggs for his baby sister.He walked two hours at weeke nds to buy differentthings to _16_ around his school to earn money.Through his hard life ,the boy d
33、eveloped _17_against misfortune that made him a hero in people ' s eyes.Hong' s story shows that with love and willpower , no hardship can 18 a person but himself.So when facing difficulties , don' t _19_ about bad luck.Considerwhatmore you could do for your family and society 20 you'
34、; ll find the world smiling back.1. A. moneyB. foodC.clothesD.help解析：选D 一面对困难当然是哭着寻求帮助了。2. A. caringB.growingC.movingD.turning解析：选B由后文的to man可知这里指的是洪战辉从一个成长中的男孩到一个男子 汉的经历。3 AonlyB alreadyC everD still解析：选 A only 说明他的年龄小，只有 12 岁。4 AstayedB wentC soldD left解析：选 D 由下文的生活重担落在了洪战辉的肩上可知，母亲带着弟弟离开了贫穷的 家。5 A
35、bring upB turn toC stick toD devote to解析：选 A bring up “养育，抚育”，洪战辉担起了抚养妹妹的任务。6 Agive awayB give upC run outD turn down解析：选 B 尽管困难，但是不放弃 (give up) 。7 AbuildB rentCbuyD paint解析：选 B 为了照顾妹妹，他租了学校附近的一间房子。 rent 租用，租借。 8 AencouragedB movedCinspiredD made解析：选 Bmoved to tears “感动地流泪了”。9AasB becauseCunlessD wh
36、ile解析：选A as “尽管”引导让步状语从句，而且倒装。10A brotherB daughterC sisterD uncle解析：选 C 由上文可知是他的养妹。11A strugglingB leaningC standingD turning解析：选A struggle aga in st “与抗争”，帮助其他同学与misfortu ne 抗争。12A leftB rememberedC remindedD told给某人讲述某事，解析：选 C remind sb.of sth. 提醒某人某事。而 tell sb.of sth.显然是 C 符合语境。B every one13Aany
37、 oneC noneD no one解析：选 C 没有关心和爱护，任何人都不可能生存下去。 no one 不和 of 连用。 14 A threw awayB turned outC gave offD turned down解析：选 D turned down "拒绝”；threw a way"扔掉”；turned out "结果是；生产”； gave off “发出”，由下文没有钱可知他拒绝了捐款。15Adepend onB stick toC refer toD turn to解析：选 A depend on 依靠自己的工作。16A showB eatC s
38、ellD share解析：选 C 为了挣点钱，他周末去很远的地方买来东西，在校园里卖。17A a chanceB an abilityC a spiritD a belief解析：选 B developed an ability against misfortune培养了抵抗不幸的能力。18A buryB defeatC winD knock解析：选 B 拥有爱和意志力，没有任何事情能把自己打倒。B careD jokeB when19A worryCcomplain解析：选 C complain about “抱怨”。20AandCwhileD until解析：选 A 祈使句加 and 句型，表示顺承关系。