《考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--2000年part4.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--2000年part4.docx（9页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析 -2000 年 part4Part FourAimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work moral values. Ten years ago young people were h
2、ardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next.The coming of age of the postwar baby boomand an entry of womeninto the male dominated job market have limited the opport
3、unities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent ofJapanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent
4、of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mecha
5、nical learning over creativity and self-expression. "Those things that do not show up in the test scores - personality, ability, courage or humanity - are completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling LiberalDemocratic Party's education committee. "Frustration ag
6、ainstthis kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild." Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, manyconservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama,
7、who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents."But that may have more to do with Japanese lifestyles. "In Japan,"
8、 says educator Yoko Muro, "it's never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure." With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family hav
9、e been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households.Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes( travels to and from work)andcrowded livingconditions, but asthe old groupand family values weaken,thediscomfort isbeginning to tell.In the past decade,the Japanese divorce rate,whilest
10、ill well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one quarter.13. In the Westerners' eyes, the postwar Japan was .A under aimless developmentB a positive exampleC a rival to the WestD on the decline14. According to the author,
11、what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?A Women's participation in social activities is limited.B More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.C Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.D The lifestyle has been influenced by Western values.15. Which of
12、the following is true according to the author?A Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.B Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.C More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.D Dropping out leads to frust
13、ration against test taking.16. The change in Japanese lifestyle is revealed in the fact that .A the young are less tolerant of discomforts in lifeB the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.C the Japanese endure more than ever beforeD the Japanese appreciate their present lifeUnit 7 2000 Par
14、t 4重点词汇：.postwar 战后J post 前缀在后"+war; prewar 战前J pre 前缀在前"+war。postwar architecture - the accountants' revenge on the prewar businessmen's dreams战后的建筑 - 会计师们对战前商人们的梦想的报复。2. harmony 和谐，融洽可看作 har+mony, har 谐音哈，mony即 money,于是哈！ money!"t有钱很多事情都会变得 "和谐"与"融洽"。No f
15、amily harmony, no social stability.没有家庭的和睦,就没有社会的稳定。3. sacrifice v.n. 牺牲；奉献可看作 sa+cri+fice , sa 谐音似 "杀", cri 看作 cry 元音 替换，fice看作face 元音替换，于是因马上要被杀sa而泪留cri 满面fice 的东西"t牺牲。Good manners are made up of petty sacrifices.得体的举止由许多细小的牺牲构成。 Whenever you have an aim you must sacrifice something
16、 of freedom to attain it. 无论何时，只要有目标，你就要牺牲一定的自由以到达它。Success can be only oneingredient in happiness, and is too dearly purchased if all the other ingredientshave been sacrificed to obtain. 成功只能是幸福的一个因素，如果为了获得成功而牺牲其 它幸福的因素，就未免得不偿失了。4. counterPart相似或对应的人或物即counter+Part , counter-前缀对等，Part局部，"对等的局部
17、 "。5. perso nality ?人格；个性J perso n+ality名词后缀。Perso nality is to man whatperfume is to a flower. 个性之于人一如香气之于花。 personality - everything that'sfalse in a human, everything that's been added on to him and contrived个性 - 人类身上所有虚假的东西，所有强加在他身上的不自然的东西。6. assaultv.n. 攻击 Against the assault of la
18、ughter nothing can stand.没有东西能抵挡笑声的进攻。7. conservative保守的；保守主义者即con+serv e +ative , con-前缀全部"，serve词根 " 保持 " =keep ， -ative 后缀；参 conservation 2002 年 Text 3。 Whena nation'syoungmen are conservative, its funeral bell is already rung.当一个国家的青年因循守旧，这个国家的丧钟即已敲响。 con servative - some one
19、who wants to keep what he already had lost a man who wants the rules cha nged so that no one can make a pile the wayhe did someone who believes that nothing should be done for the first time守旧者- 试图保存已经失去的东西的人 希望改变一下规矩， 使任何人都不能再像他那样赚钱 的人 相信什么事都不应当有第一次的人。8. authorities当局，官方；原形为authority 权力；者J author作者
20、+ity 名词后缀。 All authority belongs to the people.一切权力属于人民。 Authority is not truth,but truth possesses the authority. 不是真理，但真理拥有。 authority - a high hat underwhich every donkey can hide his ears权力 - 一顶高帽子，驴子戴上它也能遮住耳朵。9. endure v.忍受；持续即 en+dure , en-前缀使，dure词根持续如durable宀持久的。 We have all sufficient stren
21、gth to endure the misfortunes of others.我们具有极其充足的力量来忍受他人的不幸。 Colors fade, temples crumble, empires fall, but wise words endure. 色彩会消退，庙宇会坍塌，帝国会崩溃，但智慧的话永存。lO.isolate v.隔离，孤立j isol+ate , isol即isle"小岛元音可增减替换，-ate 动 词后缀，使像小岛一样被 "孤立"。The word, even the most contradictions word, preserves c
22、ontact - it is silence which isolates.话语，甚至最矛盾的话语也维持着人们的联系 -是沉默使人们隔离。11. commute v.乘公交车上下班，乘车船往返于两地即com+mute, com-前缀 一起，mute词根"交换，于是 一直在两地间交换位置 t乘车往返上下班。12. divorcev.n. 离婚；别离与 diverse 多种多样的；不同的一起记, " 离婚"后双方就成为 " 不同的 "人。13. cultivation耕作； 培养 jcultivat e +tion , cultivate v. 耕
23、作； 培养, -tion名 词后 缀。 To cultivate oneself in disposition is not for the others, but for strengthening his own capacity in life.修养性情不是为了他人,而是为了加强自己的生活能力。14. tolerant宽容的J toler+ant 。 The public is wonderfullytolerant- it forgiveseverything except genius. 公众宽容得惊人 - 他们宽恕一切,除了天才。难句解析： Aimlessness has hard
24、ly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity andsocial harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe.whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe是 Japan 的定语从句。千万注意 hardly 是否认词,相当于 not 。 The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of
25、 women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportUnities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.本句的主语是 The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into
26、the male-dominated job market ，谓语是 have limited ，宾语是 the opportUnities of teen-agers ，而 who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs 是宾语的定语从句， 该从句中 involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good
27、schools and jobs 又是 personal sacrifices 的补语。age 是 " 时代 " ，表示这一代已经成为社会的主力军；baby boom 指在战后的 " 生育顶峰，婴儿潮" ； questioning 的意思是 "质问，质疑 " ； involved in 指"与某事有关，由某事引起 "。 Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that lib
28、eral reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents."本句主语是 Mitsuo Setoyama，谓语是 raised eyebrows , who was then education minister 是 主语 的定 语， when he argued that liberal reformsintroduced by the American
29、occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents." 是全句的时间状语从句，其中 that 引导的从句是 argued 的宾语，该 宾语从句中主语是 liberal reforms ,谓语是 had weakened,宾语是 the "Japanese morality of respect for parents" ， introduced by the American occupation auth
30、orities after World War II 是 liberal reforms 的补语。注意 raised eyebrows是"瞋目 "的意思，此处指 "瞪起眼睛，情绪激愤 "。 With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where commUnity and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of
31、 isolated, two-generation households.has come centralization 是一个倒装结构，原形为 centralization has come 。 Where 引导 的定语从句修饰 cities 。本句中须弄清一些词汇的含义，女口： centralization集中化；commUnity礼俗社会；extendedfamily 多代同堂式的家庭； in favor of 由. 取代； households 家庭。试题解析：Word是学生和职场人士最常用的一款办公软件之一，99.99% 的人知道它，但其实，这个软件背后，还有一大批隐藏技能你不知道。
32、掌握他们，你将开启新世界的大门。Tab+Enter,在编过号以后，会自动编号段落Ctrl + D 调出字体栏，配合 Tab+Enter 全键盘操作吧Ctrl + L 左对齐， Ctrl + R 右对齐， Ctrl + E 居中Ctrl + F 查找，Ctrl + H 替换。然后关于替换，里面又大有学问！有时候Word文档中有许多多余的空行需要删除，这个时候我们可以完全可以用查找替换来轻松解决。翻开 编辑菜单中的 替换对话框，把光标定位在 查找内容输入框中，单击 高级按钮，选择 特 殊字符中的 段落标记两次，在输入框中会显示“ "PAP'，然后在 替换为输入框中用上面的方法插入一个段落标记个“AP，再按下全部替换按钮。这样多余的空行就会被删除。Ctrl + Z 是撤销，那复原呢？就是 Ctrl + Y ，撤销上一步撤销！比方我输入abc,按一下F4,就会自动再输入一遍 abc