《素材Book4Unit5Themeparks名词性从句.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《素材Book4Unit5Themeparks名词性从句.doc（4页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、【素材】Book 4 Unit 5 Theme parks名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。其关联词 有连接词 that, if, whether; 疑问代词 who, what, which wherever, whatever, whichever和疑问畐寸词 when, where, how,why等。(1) 主语从句主语从句在句中做主语。 它可以放在主句谓语动词之前， 但多数情况由 it 作 形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句之后。例如：Who did that is known to all.大家都知道谁干的这件事。It is interesting th
2、at you should like him. 很有趣，你居然喜欢它。 主语从句是指在句子中做主语的从句， 按引导词的不同， 可分为下面三类：1) 由从属连词引导That the earth turns around the sun is known to all. 地球绕着太阳转是大家都知道的Whether there is life on other planets is not yet known. 其他行星上是否有生命还未知道。It's not sure if he will succeed. 他是否会成功还不能肯定。2) 由连接代词引导What you need is mor
3、e practice.你需要的是更多的练习。Who will go is not important.谁要去这并不重要。Which team will win the championship is uncertain. 哪一个队会的冠军还 说不准。Whatever I have done is only for you .我所作的任何事都只是为了你。3) 由连接畐词引导Where the meeting will be held hasn'tbeen decided. 在那里举行会议还没定下来。When he will return is the most important que
4、stion. 他什麽时候回来是最重要的问题。Why they are reducing price does not matter.他们为什麽减价并不重要。However you do it is all right with me 你无论怎样做这件事对我来说都行。(2) 宾语从句 宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。例如：We can learn what we do not know. 我们能学会我们不懂得事。He will talk to us about what he saw in the U.S. 他将告诉我们他在美国的所 见。如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词 make, find,
5、 see, hear 等，则把宾语从句置 于宾语补足语之后，用 it 作为形式宾语。例如：We find it necessary that we practise spoken-English every day. 我们发现每天练习英语口语很有必要。另外，某些坐标语的形容词，如sure, happy, glad, certain等之后也可带宾语 从句。例如：I am sure that he will succeed.我确信他会成功的。(3)表语从句 表语从句即在句中作表语的从句。按引导词的不同，可分为下面三类：1) 由从属连词引导 (if 不能引导表语从句 )The fact is tha
6、t we are behind other groups. 事实使我们落在别的组的后面。The question is whether we should ask them for help. 问题是我们是否要他们帮忙。2）由连接带词引导中国已不是以前那个样子了问题在于谁留下China is not what it used to be.The problem is who will stay.What she wants to know is which dress she should buy. 她想知道的是他应该买那件衣服。这正是你错的地方。他们就是那样给打败的。那就是他考试不及格的原因
7、3）由连接副词引导This is where you are working.That was how they were defeated. That is why he didn't pass the exam.4) 有时as, as if, as though, because也可以引导表语从句。如:事情并不总是想表面上看Things are not always as they seem to be.来的那样It looks as if it were going to rain.天看上去好像要下雨。It is because you eat too much.那是因为你吃得太
8、多。(4)同位语从句 同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后面，用以说明名词所表示 的具体内容。常跟同位语从句的名词主要有:idea, news, fact, promise, answer, belief, condition, doubt, fear, hope, problem, proof, questi on, reply, report, suggesti on, thought, truth等。 由连词 that 引导的同位语从句that既无语法功能，也无词汇意义，只是引导词。例如：We heard of the news that our team had wo n .我们
9、听说了我们队赢了这一消 息。We must face the fact that we had spe nt all the money我们必须面对我们以花 光了钱这一事实 由连词whether引导的同位语从句whether 无语法功能，但有词汇意义“是否” 。例如：The questi on whether we n eed it has not yet bee n con sidered我 们是否需要这 一问题还未考虑。He asked the question whether his material can stand high temperature. 他问了这种材料是否能耐高温这一
10、问题。 由连词 when 引导的同位语从句 when 在同位语从句中作时间状语，此以“什麽时候” 。例如：I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他何时能回来。I've got the news when the new film will be on show.我已得知新电影何时上映这一消息。 由连词where引导的同位语从句where在同位语从句中作地点状语，词意“什麽地方”。例如：I have no idea where he has gone.我不知道他去哪儿 了。The suggesti on where we should build
11、 our new factory should be con sidered.我们该在那里建新厂的建议应予以考虑。 由连词how引导的同位语从句how在同位语从句中作状语，词意“怎样”。例如：He can' t answer the question how he got the money.他不能回答他如何弄到这笔钱的这一问题。She did n ' t tell the truth how she man aged to go abroad.他没有说出他如何设法出国的真相。名词性从句中引导词的选择有两条原则：一是看引导词的含义，二是看引 导词在从句中所作的成分，尤其注意以下
12、几组引导词的辨析：1）if 与 whether在宾语从句中二者经常换用，但下列情况下只有whether不用if。A）在表语从句合同位语从句中。例如：The questi on is whether the film is worth see ing.问题是电影是否值得看。The n ews whether our team has won the match is unknown.我们是否赢了比赛还不清楚。B）在主语从句中，只有用it作形式主语时，whether和if都能引导主语从 句，否则，也只能用 whethero例如：Whether we shall atte nd the meet i
13、ng hasnbee n decided yet.我们是否要参加会议还未决定。It has n'tbee n decided whether（if） we shall atte nd the meeti ng.C）在介词之后。（介词往往可以省略）例如：It all depe nds （on） whether they will support us.这都取决于是否他们支持我们。D）在动词discuss之后作宾语时，例如：We're discuss ing whether we should hold a meeti ng to decide the matter.我们在讨论是否
14、我们该举行会议决定这件事。2）that 与 what在名词性从句中，that为连词，在从句中不作成分，而 what为代词，在从 句中作主语、宾语或表语，但是，虽然that不作成分，引导主语从句（且在句首 时）、表语从句和同位语从句时，that却不能省略，只有在宾语从句中that可省 略（但当及物动词之后有两个或更多的宾语从句时，最后一个从句前的that不省略）。That he has a high IQ is very obvious. 他智商很高这是很明显的。We'll agree with what he'ssay in g.我们都同意他的话。He says （that）
15、he likes English and that he works hard at it.他说他喜欢英语并且在英语上很下功夫。3）what 与 which在名词从句中，what与which都是代词，但what 一般译为“什麽”或译不 出具体的意思，而 which 表示“哪个”，带有选择性。You can take what you like. 你喜欢什麽就拿什麽。I don't know which is better of the two.这两个中我不知哪个更好。三 名词性关系从句名词性关系从句实际上是先行词与其后的定语从句的结合。 What 是最常用 来引导名词性关系从句的关系代
16、词，此时what=the thing（s） which,有时what可以用作前置定语，女口 what help, what funny stories等。其它， whoever=anyone who; whichever=anything which （whichever 也可指 人）;whatever=anything that （whichever 和 whatever也可做定语）。有时 where=the place where和when=the time when也可以用来引导名词性关系从句。1. 做主语What they need is a good text-book.Whiche
17、ver he likes will be given him.Whichever book he bought would be paid for.无论他买了那一本书都要（替他）付款。Whoever did this job must be rewarded.无论谁干了这件工作一定要得到酬谢。2. 作直接宾语I'll show you whatever you want to see.I'll give you however much money you need.你需要多少钱我都可以给你。We shall not forget when the meeting will o
18、pen= We shall not forget the time when the meeting will open.我们不会忘记开会的时间。3. 作间接宾语She walked up to where he stood.她走到他站着的地方。I can judge by what I know of him.我可以根据我对他的了解来判断。You can write about whatever topic you prefer.你可以写你喜欢写的任何题目。I'll wait till when we meet again.我等待着再次见面。5. 主语不语（表语）This is wh
19、ere our problem lies.这就是我们的问题所在。Tomorrow is when it would be most convenient. 明天是最方便的时候。6. 宾语补语 We'make him whatever he is fit for.他适合干什麽，我们就培 养他干这一行。I'll call the baby whatever name you like你喜欢哪一个名字，我就叫娃娃这个 名字。He has made the compa ny what it is toda他 把公司办成了今天这个样子。7. 同位语I gave the girl a big doll, that is to say, exactly what she longed to have.我给了这女孩一个大洋娃，也就是说，那正是他渴望要有的东西。