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1、 烤烟论文：微生物有机肥对陇东烤烟品质的影响及机理研究【中文摘要】针对陇东烤烟生产中存在的因长期连作和有机肥施用不合理引起的烟叶化学和香味品质品质下降,尤其是中性致香物质含量较低、香气不足和商品特性下降等问题,本研究于2009年在甘肃省正宁县进行大田试验,研究施用微生物有机肥对烤烟化学品质和香味品质的影响,并对其影响机理进行初步探讨,旨在为当地烤烟的合理施肥提供依据。主要试验结果如下:1微生物有机肥对陇东烟叶化学品质的影响研究1.1微生物有机肥对烟叶化学品质的影响微生物有机肥(BIO)的施用显著提升了烟叶的化学品质,使烟叶主要化学成分(钾、烟碱、总糖和【英文摘要】Low content of
2、the main chemical components(MCC) and neutral aroma components (NAC),lack of aroma and flavor,and the decline in commodity characteristics caused by long-time continuous cropping and irrational fertilization have been the serious problems in flue-cured tobacco production in east of Gansu Province. A
3、 field experiment was carried out in Zhengning County in Gansu Province in 2009 in order to study the effects of bio-organic fertilizer (BIO) application on chemical and aromatic qualities of Flue-cured Tobacco in East of Gansu Province and its preliminary echanisms. The results shown that:Chemical
4、quality of flue-cured tobacco was proved with applying bio-organic fertilizer,the contents of potassium and nicotine and total soluble saccharides and reducing sugar within tobacco leaves were increased significantly,the ratio between total soluble saccharides and protein trended more to normal and
5、measured up to the standard of high quality tobacco leaves. the content of potassium in upper leaves,middle leaves and bottom leaves were increased by 30.20%,26.30% and 50.50% respectively compared with CK and nicotine by 42.67%,28.50%,99.11% and 20.38% respectively. Application of BIO reduced the d
6、ifference value between total soluble saccharides and reducing sugar and the ratio between total soluble saccharides and protein at different positions of tobacco leaves trended to the suitable range at the same time.BIO reduced pH value of tobacco-planting soil by 0.06 unit compared with CK and enh
7、anced soil fertility Simultaneously. the content of organic matter and available nitrogen and available phosphrous and available potassium in soil were significantly increased by 30.25%、28.50%、104.57% and 7.80% respectively.?Meanwhile,application of BIO significantly affectd the microbial diversity
8、in soil planted flue-cured tobacco and reduced the ratio between fungi and bacteria,those could bring about soil being in the state of more health. Namely,enhancement of soil fertility and biological features was the foundation that BIO could prove chemical qualitiy of Flue-cured Tobacco. Applicatio
9、n of bio-organic fertilizer obviously promoted the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco and increased the content of chlorophyll in tobacco leaves during the whole growth period,In addition,the number and biomass and area of tobacco leaves in later developmental stage were increased by diffe
10、rent extent,which could improve the canopied photosynthetic characteristics and photosynthetic productivity and were good for dry-matter production and sugar accumulation.Compared with CK,the nitrogen and potassium accumulation amounts of BIO treatment were obviously higher than CK in later developm
11、ental stage,at the same time,BIO affected nitrogen and potassium distribution in different organs and more nutrients flowed to tobacco leaves,which were the?major cause why the contents of nitrogen and nicotine and potassium within tobacco leaves under BIO treatment were obviously higher than those
12、of CK.BIO significantly proved physiological activity of tobacco roots and increased ability of absorbing mineral nutrients in root. Compared with CK,oxidizing ability of root and activity of root system under BIO treatment were increased by 22.27% and 9.76% respectively.BIO significantly increased
13、the total content of NAC in tobacco leaves by 26.79% -134.33% compared with CK. The total content of NAC at different position of tobacco leaves had dramatically different reaction to BIO,namely,the biggest increase was observed in the upper leaves,and the total content of NAC in upper leaves,middle
14、 leaves and bottom leaves were increased by 134.33%,81.03% and 26.79% respectively compared with CK. BIO application also changed the orders of the total content of NAC in tobacco leaves at different positions,the order of upper leaves>bottom leaves>middle leaves in CK treatment were turned in
15、to upper leaves>middle leaves>bottom leaves in BIO treatment, which is favorable to the output value of tobacco production. The main NAC in tobacco leaves in Zhengning is neophytadiene , accounting for 79.67%-89.43% of the total amount. The neophytadiene content in upper,middle and bottom leav
16、es of BIO treatment were increased significantly by 157.33%,88.15% and 31.17% respectively compared with CK. BIO improved the nitrogen absorption by tobacco,which not only increased the chlorophyll content in tobacco leaves,the precursor of neophytadiene,but postponed the summit of chlorophyll conte
17、nt by about 15 days as well which could extend the mature period. Activities of invertase and nitrate reductase at round top stage in BIO treatment were increased by 30.02% and 13.42% compared with CK,which contributed to the dry matter accumulation,nitrogen uptake,as well as to the synthesis of NAC
18、 and chlorophyll.【关键词】烤烟 微生物有机肥 化学品质 香味品质 新植二烯【英文关键词】Flue-cured tobacco Bio-organic fertilizer Chemical quality Aromatic quality Neophytadien【目录】微生物有机肥对陇东烤烟品质的影响及机理研究 摘要 2-4 Summary 4-6 缩略语及专有词汇检索表 10-11 第一章 绪论 11-16 1 研究背景 11-12 1.1 烤烟生产在我国国民经济中的地位和作用 11 1.2 甘肃省烤烟的生产历史与现状 11-12 1.3 正宁县烤烟生产历史与现状 12
19、2 立项依据 12-16 2.1 烤烟生产所面临的品质问题 12-13 2.2 烤烟有机肥施用中的常见问题 13-14 2.3 烤烟连作障碍问题 14-15 2.4 烤烟的营养调控 15-16 第二章 文献综述 16-30 1 微生物有机肥在农业生产上的应用16-22 1.1 微生物有机肥的概念 16 1.2 微生物有机肥在我国的发展历程和现状 16-19 1.3 微生物有机肥农作物上的应用 19-22 2 烤烟品质的概念与分类 22-26 2.1 烤烟品质的概念与分类 22 2.2 烟叶的品质因素 22-26 3 微生物有机肥在烤烟上的应用 26-30 3.1 微生物有机肥对烤烟化学品质的影
20、响 27 3.2 微生物有机肥对烤烟香味品质的影响 27-28 3.3 微生物有机肥防病控病 28-29 3.4 微生物有机肥对植烟土壤的影响 29-30 第三章 材料与方法 30-37 1 试验概况 30-32 1.1 研究意义 30-31 1.2 研究目标 31 1.3 研究内容 31-32 2 技术路线 32-33 3 材料与方法 33-36 3.1 试验区概况 33 3.2 试验设计与方法 33 3.3 试验样品采集 33-34 3.4 试验样品测定 34-35 3.5 烤烟计产与分级 35 3.6 致香物质测定 35-36 4 试验数据处理 36-37 第四章 微生物有机肥对烤烟化学
21、品质的影响研究 37-45 1 微生物有机肥对烟叶化学品质的影响 37-38 2 微生物有机肥对植烟土壤肥力的影响 38-40 3 微生物有机肥对烤烟生长发育的影响 40-41 4 微生物有机肥对烤烟氮和钾积累与分配的影响 41-43 5 微生物有机肥对烟株根系生理特性的影响 43-45 第五章 微生物有机肥对烟叶致香成分的影响研究 45-51 1 微生物有机肥对烟叶中性致香物质总量的影响 45-47 2 微生物有机肥对不同种类中性致香物质的影响 47-48 3 微生物有机肥对烟叶叶绿含量的影响 48-49 4 微生物有机肥对土壤有效氮和烟叶氮含量的影响 49-50 5 微生物有机肥对圆顶期烤烟C/N 代谢关键酶活性的影响 50-51 第六章 结论与讨论 51-54 1 微生物有机肥对烤烟化学品质的影响研究 51 2 微生物有机肥对烟叶致香成分的影响及其机理的初步探讨 51-53 2.1 烤烟叶片叶绿素对施用微生物有机肥的响应 51-52 2.2 施用微生物有机肥对烤烟成熟度的影响 52-53 3 研究的不足 53 4 研究的创新点 53-54 参考文献 54-62 致谢 62-63 导师简介 63-64 作者简介 64-65