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1、虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。三种一般用法：1 .与现在事实相反条件从句用一般过去式：were/did主句用 would/should/could/might + 动词原形Eg: If John had the time, he would make a trip to China to seethe Great Wall.If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.2 .与将来事实相反条件从何用（1）. should+动词原形（2） . 一般过去式：were/did（3
2、） . were to+ 动词原形主句用 would/should/could/might + 动词原形Eg: If you should lose, what would you do?If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.3.与过去事实相反条件从旬用过去完成时：had+过去分词 主句用 would/should/could/might+ have doneEg: If I had arrived earl
3、ier, I would haveseen David.特殊用法：1. 倒装If I were you, I would give up drinking. = Were I you, I would give up drinking.If I had arrived earlier, I would have seen David. = Had I arrived earlier, I would have seen David.2. 有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：If he had followed the doctor s advice, he would be
4、 quite all right now.（ if 从句是对过去的虚拟，主句是对现在的虚拟）If I were you, I would have gone home.（ if 从句是对现在的虚拟，主句是对过去的虚拟） 其他用法：suggest， advise 等表示“要求” “建议”的动词之后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气，结构如下：suggest， advise， recommend ， demand， require ， insist， urge， request， order ，ask, move 提议，propose 等 + that (should)锁词原形(在此结构中that 不可省略，
5、should 省不省略均可)Eg: He suggested that they (should) stop smoking.He made a request that they (should) stop smoking.需注意的是，*insist 有两个意思，当表示“坚持让某人做某事”(命令口吻)时，that 从句用虚拟语气，如： He insists that we (should) go home now. 当表示 “坚持某种说法”时， that 从句用陈述语气，如：He insists that he is right.*suggest 有两个意思，当表示“建议”时， that 从
6、句用虚拟语气，如：I suggestthat we (should) go home now. 当表示“暗示”时， that 从句用陈述语气，如：All the evidence suggests that he stole the money.wish 的用法：现在的愿望：主句谓语动词用wish wishes， that 从句谓语动词用一般过去式I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。过去的愿望：wished， that 从句谓语动词用过去完成式I wished I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I s
7、topped teaching.)对将来的愿望：wish wishes， that 从句谓语动词用would could 动词原形I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。注意： wish 与 hope 接宾语从句的区别在于：hope 表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气；wish 表示很难或不大可能实现的希望，宾语从句用虚拟语气。We hope they will come. (We don t know if they can come.)We wish they could come. (We know they are not comin
8、g.)as if, as though, would rather(that) 引导的从句需用虚拟语气，如He acts as if nothing had happened.I would rather you didn t tell him.It ' s (high) time (that)动词过去式或should +动词原形，如It s time (that) you had a haircut.It s high time (that) we took some action.练习：1. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I the b
9、ook from which it was made.a. have read b. had read c. should have read d. are reading2. You are late. If you a few minutes earlier you him.a. come ; would meet b. had come ; would have metc. come ; will meet d. had come ; would meet3. The two students talked as if they friends for years.a. should b
10、e b. would be c. have been d. had been4. It is important that I with Mr. Williams immediately.a. speak b. spoke c. will speak d. to speak5. He looked as if he ill for a long time.a. was b. were c. has been d. had been6. If the doctor had come earlier the poor child would not .a. have laid there for
11、two hoursb. have been lied there for two hoursc. have lied there for two hoursd. have lain there for two hours7. I wish that I with you last night.a. went b. could go c. have gone d. could have gone8. Let s say you could go there again how feel.a. will you b. should you c. would you d. do you9. I ca
12、n t stand him. He always talks as though he everything.a. knew b. knows c. has known d. had known10. the fog we should have reached our school.a. Because of b. In spite of c. In case of d. But for11. If you had told me in advance I him at the airport.a. would meet b. would had met c. would have met
13、d. would have meet12. Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he me now.a. teaches b. will teach c. has taught d. would teach13. I would have told him the answer had it been possible but I so busy then.a. had been b. were c. was d. would be14. He s working hard f
14、or fear that he .a. should fall behind b. fell behind c. may fall behind d. would fallen behind15. If it another ten minutes the game would have been called off.a. had rained b. would have rained c. have seen d. rained16. He suggested that they use a trick instead of fighting.a. should b. would c. d
15、o d. had17. My father did not go to New York the doctor suggested that he there.a. not went b. won t gco. not go d. not to go18. I would have gone to the meeting if I time.a. had had b. have had c. had d. would have had19. Would you rather I buying a new bike.a. decided against b. will decide agains
16、t c. have decided d. shall decide against20. You look so tired tonight. It is time you .a. go to sleep b. went to sleep c. go to bed d. went to bed21. -Why didn t you buy a new car-I would have bought one if I enough money.a. had b. have had c. would have d. had had22. If she could sew .a. she make
17、a dress b. she would have made a shirtc. she will make a shirt d. she would had made a coat23. today he would get there by Friday.a. Would he leave b. Was he leaving c. Were he to leave d. If he leaves24. His doctor suggested that he a short trip abroad.a. will take b. would take c. take d. took25.
18、The Bakers arrived last night. If they odnly let us know earlier _at the station.a. we d meet thebm. we ll meet themc. we d have met thedm. we ve met them26. If I you I more attention to English idioms and phrases.a. was ; shall pay b. am ; will pay c. would be ; would pay d. were ; would pay27. We
19、might have failed if you us a helping hand.a. have not given b. would not give c. had not given d. did not give28. The law requires that everyone his car checked at least once a year.a. has b. had c. have d. will have29. It is strange that he so.a. would say b. would speak c. should say d. will spea
20、k30. Had I known her name .a. or does she know mine b. and where does she livec. she would be beautiful d. I would have invited her to lunch31. He has just arrived but he talks as if he all about that.a. know b. knows c. known d. knew32. If I the money I would have bought a much bigger car.a. posses
21、sed b. owned c. had d. had had33. He was very busy yesterday otherwise he to the meeting.a. would come b. came c. would have come d. will come34. The librarian insists that John no more books from the library before hereturns all the books he has borrowed.a. will take b. took c. take d. takes35. I l
22、eft very early last night but I wish I so early.a. didn t leba.vehadn t lce.fthaven t dle.ftcouldn t leave36. I do not have a job. I would find one but I no time.a. had b. didn t hac.vehad had d. have37. I wish that you such a bad headache because I m sure that you wohave enjoyed the concert.a. hadn b.t didn t have hca.dhadn t hadd. hadn t have38. He insisted that we all in his office at one o clock.a. be b. to be c. would be d. shall be39. Helen couldn t go to France after all. That s too bad. I m sure sheenjoyed it if .a. she s gobn.eshe ll gco. she d gond.eshe d go