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1、页眉内容专业英语课程论文09 级）姓名：王慧慧 学号： 3教师：李发权2012 年 11 月 23 日Logistics EngineeringLogistics is the time related positioning of resource or the strategic management ofthe totalsupply chain. Thesupply chain is asequence ofevents intendedto satisfya customer.It caninclude procurement、manufacture 、distribution an
2、d waste disposal together with associated transport 、 storage and information technology .Logistics Engineering means the management process of choosing thebestscheme under the guidance of theories about system engineering and planning 、 managing 、 controlling the system with lowestcost、high efficie
3、ncyand goodcustomer service forthepurpose of improvingeconomy profits of the societyand enterprises . Inthis definitionwe alsointegrate the logistics and theflow of informationasa systemand regardthe processes of producing 、distribution 、 and consumption as a whole activity.Three major function of l
4、ogistics.(1) Creating timevalue: same goodscan bevalued different atdifferenttimes. Goods often stop during the transfer process, which is professionally called the storage oflogistics. It createsthe time valuefor goods.(2) Creating location value: same goods can be valued differently at different l
5、ocations. The value added during the transfer process is the location value of logistics.(3) Distribution processing value: sometimes logistics create distribution processing value, which changes the length, thickness and packages of the goods. Like popular saying, “ cutting into smaller parts” is t
6、he most commonly seen distribution processing form. Most processing within logistics create added value for goods.Contents and Characteristics.The object of system: the first of facility design; system so as tologistics engineering is to solve the problems in logistics task is to make system plan an
7、d design with the theory and the second one is to manage and control logistics reduce the cost and improve the efficiency.FacilityDesignFacility design has factory including layout building design, informationbeen often used in industry department design, the system design of materials system design
8、 and ect.such as handling,Logistics Management1. Logistics System DesignIn external logistics system, the design implies the decisions about spots of the networks formaterialsdistribution. But in internal logisticssystem,themain targetis toimprovethe economy profits of theproductionsystem.2. Transpo
9、rtation/Handling and StorageIt contains:(1) Theresearch of production optimization.(2) Theresearch of work station and warehousingstorage.(3) The work-in-process products management.(4) The methods of planning and organizing the handling vehicles.(5) The organizing methods of information flow and th
10、e function in logistics.3. Handling Facilities, Containers and Pachage Design.It contains:(1) The study of warehouse and handling facilities.(2) The study f handling vehicles and facilities.In these contents, people often call the first two as the“SoftSystem”,and the last one“Hard System”.The tradit
11、ional logistics is defined as the simple pattern of materials storage and transportation. Thepatternofmodern logistics becomes morecomplex. It can be characterized by : Rapid logistics response Serial services Normativeoperation Systematize target and modernizedmethods Networking organization Market
12、ingbusiness ElectronicinformationFunctions of logistics systems1. Members in logistics system should collaborate with the active partners and integrate the serial activities of supply chain to improve the management and strengthen the integrated service capability.2. It is helpful for building the r
13、apid response system. The time to prepare and the cost willbereduced andthesupplychain will accrue. Theenterprise will be more competitive.3. Agood logisticssystemcanreducethe levelof organization, workoutthe personal potentialityofmaximization of thecorporatecomprehensiveinterests.It can also formt
14、heactivecorporateculture oriented bythetechnological innovation.Significance of LogisticsThetheoryof logistics engineeringis thestudyof analyzing, designing,optimizing andcontrollingthe logisticssystemas awhole. It utilizes themethods ofthe industrialengineering andsystem engineering.Thestudyoflogis
15、tics is of great importance in the production practice.Itcancutbacktheappropriation oflabor, reduce thelabor intensity,shortentheproducecycleand acceleratethe capital turnover. Italsocanreducethecost andthecirculating capitalappropriation, raise theprofitsandeconomic efficiency, and improve the prod
16、uct quality and the competitiveness of the enterprise.Wheneconomic globalization,information and networkingengulf the entireworld, the revolution of the logistics is coming quietly.1. Logistics Integration(1) Functionalintegration-logisticssystematized(2) Resource and marketing integration and acqui
17、sitions2. .Logistics Alliances(1) Vertical logisticsalliances-the supply chain(2) Horizontallogistics-socializejoint distribution(3) Externalalliances-the third-partylogistics3. Internet and Information logistics(1) Internetlogistics-thefusion of the logisticsand E-business, procurementand distribut
18、ion on internet(2) Informationlogistics-electronicdate interchange(EDI)4. Green Logistics and Virtual WarehousingInternational LogisticsAn increasing number of companies are involving in international markets through exporting, licensing, joint ventures, and ownership. This trend should continue. Wi
19、th such expansion there is a need to develop worldwide logistics networks. Integrated logistics management and cost analysis will be more complex and difficult to manage.There are some future trends in internationalization:(1) More logistics executives with international responsibilities.(2) Expansi
20、onofthe number and size of foreign trade zones.(3) Reductioninthe amount of international paperwork and documentation.(4) More foreign warehousing is owned and controlled by the exporting firm.(5) Increasing number of smaller firms.(6) Foreign ownershipof logisticsservice firm, e.g., public warehous
21、ing andtransportation carriers.(7) Increasing multipledistributionchannels.The international transport and the international logistics are same thing in some way. So, when the international trading involved, the firm must establish international logistics systems to provide the products and services
22、 demanded. The most significant development in international logistics will be the increasing sophistication information systems adopted and independent departments to operate.物流工程物流是关于时间的资源配置或总供应链的战略管理。 供应链是满足顾客的事件序列。 它 可能包括采购、制造、配送、废物处理以及相伴随的运输、存储和信息技术。物流工程是指为了改善社会和企业的经济效益， 在系统工程理论的指导下选择最优的方最高的效率和
23、最好的客户服务规划、 管理和控制系统的管理过程。 从这我们可以把物流和信息流动作为一个整体系统和把生产、 配送与消费等过程作为一 个整体系统。物流的三个主要功能（ 1） 创造时间价值： 同样的货物在不同的时间有不同的价值。 货物常常在转运过程中 处于滞留状态，用专业术语来说这被叫做物流储存。它创造货物的时间价值。（ 2） 创造场所价值： 同样的货物在不同的场所可被不同地定值。 转运过程中被累加的 价值就是物流的场所价值。（ 3） 经销过程价值：有时物流创造经销过程价值，这一经销过程改变货物的长度、厚“分割成更小快”是最常见的经销加工形式。物流的大部分过程9 页脚内容创造货物的附加值。内容和特点
24、物流工程是用来解决物流系统问题的一门课程：物流管理和控制系统来降低成本和提高效率。设施规划设施规划经常用在工业方面例如工厂布局设计、计等。物流管理1. 物流系统设计在外部物流系统， 设计意味着配送网点的选择。系统的经济效益。第一步， 制作设施规划与计划； 第二步，物料搬运系统、 建筑设计、 信息系统设在内部物流系统， 主要目标是提高生产2. 运输与存储的控制与管理：包括 生产批量最佳化研究 工作储备与仓库储存研究 在制品管理 搬运车辆的计划与组织方法 信息流的组织方法，信息流对物流的作用问题3. 搬运设备、容器、包装的设计与管理（ 1）仓库与仓库搬运设备的研究（ 2）各种搬运车辆和设备的研究在
25、这些内容中，前两个称为“软系统” ，最后一个称为“硬系统” 。传统物流就是简单的物料存储与运输。现代物流变得更为复杂： 快速响应 系列服务 标准作业 整体目标和现代化方法 网络组织化 市场经营 电子信息物流系统的功能1. 企业成员在物流系统中应该团结合作和结合供应链中的一系列活动来提高管理效率和加强整体服务能力。2. 有助于建立快速响应系统。降低成本、 缩短时间、 加长供应链，使企业更具竞争力。3. 一个好的物流系统可以减少管理的层次、发挥员工的个人潜能、激发团队精神以及确保企业综合利益的最大化。 它也可以产生活跃的企业文化氛围来适应顾客需求和技术支持的改革创新。物流的意义物流工程理论是分析、
26、 设计、 最优化和控制作为整体系统来研究。 它运用工业工程和系 统工程的理论方法。物流的研究对生产实践是很重要的。它可以缩减劳动开支、降低劳动强度、缩短生产环节、加快资金周转。 它也可以降低成本和减少资金流失，提高利润和经济效益，改善产品质量和提高企业的竞争力。当经济全球化，信息和网络席卷整个世界，物流的革命也悄悄的到来了。1. 集成物流（ 1）集成物流系统化功能（ 2）集成物流资源和市场的国际化与获得2. 物流联盟（ 1）纵向物流联盟- 供应链（ 2）横向物流联盟- 社交的联合分布（ 3）外部联盟- 第三方物流3. 信息互联网物流（ 1）网络物流- 物流与电子商务、采购和网络布局的融合（ 2
27、）信息化物流- 电子数据交换4. 绿色物流与虚拟仓库国际物流越来越多的公司都涉及通过在国际市场的出口，许可证， 合资企业，和所有权。这一趋势应继续下去。 有了这样的扩大， 有必要发展全球物流网络。 综合物流管理和成本分析将更 加复杂和难以管理。有一些未来的趋势，国际化的（ 1） 更多物流业的主管与国际责任（ 2） 扩大的数量和规模，对外贸易区（ 3） 减少的数额为国际文书与文件（ 4） 更多的外国仓储拥有和控制的出口公司（ 5） 越来越多的小型企业（ 6） 外国所有权的物流服务公司，例如，公共仓储和交通运输（ 7） 越来越多的分销渠道国际运输和国际物流是同样的东西以某种方式。 因此， 当国际贸易参与， 该公司必须建 立国际物流系统， 提供的产品和服务要求。 最重要的国际物流的发展将增加信息系统的复杂性，并通过独立的部门运作。