1、IDEA Four-Team Parliamentary Debate RulesIDEA议会制四队辩论赛规则The rules of IDEA Four-Team Parliamentary Debate are intended to closely follow those of the Worlds Universities Debating Championships (WUDC). They differ in some places to provide tournament directors options of deviating from the WUDC rules w
2、hen they need to do so.IDEA议会制四队辩论赛谨遵循世界大专辩论赛（WUDC ）的规则。两者略有不同之处，以便比赛主办方根据需要灵活操作。The Teams and MotionsThe teams supporting the motion in the IDEA Four-Team Parliamentary Debate are referred to as the Proposition. The teams arguing against the motion are known as the Opposition teams.A “ motion is th
3、e statement around which the debate takes place. The motic divides the ground in the debate between the Proposition and Opposition teams and should allow for reasonable arguments both for and against.Ordinarily, motions are announced shortly before each debate begins. A different motion will be used
4、 for each debate and will be presented to the debaters at a specified time, usually fifteen to thirty minutes prior to the debate. In some situations general topic areas (for example “ environment or a international relationsor even specific motions themselves may be announced prior to thetournament
5、参赛队伍及辩题在IDEA议会制四队辩论赛中，支持辩题的队伍为“正方”，反对辩题的队伍为“反方”。“辩题”，即辩论所围绕展开的议题。辩题将辩手分为正反两方，且 n双方均有合理辩论的余地。通常，辩题于各轮比赛开始前十五或三十分钟公布；每轮辩题均不 相同。有时，辩题范围（如“环境问题”，“国际关系”等）甚至辩题本身也会在大赛开始前公布。The motion will be announced to all debaters simultaneously in a central location. Preparation time will be between fifteen and thirt
6、y minutes, at the discretion of the tournament director. In general, debaters may confer with their debate partner during preparation time. In some cases, a Tournament Director may allow debaters to confer with their coach or tutor. During this time the debaters may consult any written materials. Th
7、e rules of the World Universities Debating Championships permit debaters to access any written material during the debate; other tournaments permit the debaters to access only the notes they made in preparation time. Electronic retrieval devices typically are not allowed during preparation, though e
8、lectronic dictionaries typically are permitted for second- language speakers.辩题将在一个中央地点向所有辩手公布。准备时间为十五至三十分 钟，由大赛主办方规定。通常，辩手在准备时间内可以与自己的搭档讨 论。某些情况下，主办方也允许辩手与教练或带队老师讨论。此间，辩 手可以参阅任何纸质资料。世界大专辩论赛允许辩手在辩论过程中使用 任何纸质材料；而其他比赛仅允许辩手在准备时间内使用事前准备好的 资料。准备期间，通常可以使用电子词典，但禁止使用其它一切电子设 备。辩论模式每场辩论由四队参加：正方两队，反方两队。各队独立准备。
9、每队两名辩手，每位辩手按如下顺序陈词，不超过 7分钟。The Debate FormatFour teams participate in each debate: two on the Proposition and two on the Opposition. Each team works independently to either support or oppose the motion. Each team is made up of two speakers; each speaker will present a speech not to exceed 7 minutes
10、in the order prescribed below.Summary of the Debate FormatTeamCommon Titles for SpeakerTime1s Proposition, ,st八 一.一 1 Speaker“Prime Minister ”7 minutes1st Opposition, 1 st Speaker“Leader of the Opposition”7 minutes1s Proposition, _nd2 Speaker“Deputy Prime Minister7 minutes1s Opposition, nd 2 Speaker
11、Deputy Leader of the Opposition7 minutesnd2 Proposition, ,st八 1 Speaker“Member for the Government”7 minutes2ndOpposition,，sJ1 Speaker“Member for the Opposition”7 minutes2nd Proposition, 2nd Speaker“Government Whip ”7 minutes2 Opposition, 2nd Speaker“Opposition Whip7 minutes辩论模式简要辩手辩手名称时间正方一队，一辩首相Pr
12、ime Minister7分钟反方一队，一辩反对党领袖Leader of the Opposition7分钟正方一队，一辩副首相Deputy Prime Minister7分钟反方一队，二辩反对党副领袖Deputy Leader of the Opposition7分钟正方一队，一辩内阁成员Member for the Government7分钟反方二队，一辩反对党成员Member for the Opposition7分钟正方二队，二辩内阁党鞭陈词Government Whip7分钟反方二队，二辩反对党党鞭陈词Opposition Whip7分钟Parliamentary Points of
13、 InformationDebaters may offer a point of information (either verbally or by rising) at any time after the first minute, and before the last minute, of any speech. The debater holding the floor may accept or refuse points of information. If accepted, the debater making the request has fifteen second
14、s present the point of information. During the point of information, the speaking time of the floor debater continues.If accepted, the debater offering the point of information is allowed to ask a question, offer a brief argument, or offer a brief refutation of some point. The debater who accepted t
15、he point of information should respond to the point immediately.No other parliamentary points such as points of order or points of personal privilege are allowed.议会制辩论质询在所有陈词中，除第一分钟及最后一分钟外，辩手都可以口头示意或 直接起立提出质询。正在发言的辩手可以接受或拒绝该质询。一旦质询被 接受，质询者有 15秒的时间陈述自己的意见。质询时间将被计算在陈词时 间内。如质询被接受，质询者可以提问、提出一个简要论点或者对某一观
16、点 进行简要反驳。正在发言的辩手应该立即对质询作出回应。议会制辩论中只允许质询这一种干预形式。辩手职责以及陈词目的每位辩手在辩论中各司其职，每一次陈词也各有其目的。下表列 出了辩手职责和陈词目的，但无法穷尽，也非硬性规定。根据每场辩 论的具体情况，辩手可能需要履行下表未提及的职责，陈词目的也可 能有所变化，但只要遵循“正方维护辩题、反方攻击辩题”的规则即 可。裁判将根据各队论点的有力程度为各辩手评分，而不是简单地根 orno辑盛y己职责的程度评分。以下列出的职责仅供参考。除正反方最后一名辩手（内阁党鞭和反对党党鞭）外，所有的辩 手都应引入新内容。除正方一辩（首相）外，所有辩手都应进行反 驳。S
17、peaker Roles and Speech PurposesEach speaker has a role and each speech should have a purpose. The descriptions of speaker roles and speech purposes listed below are suggestive and are not intended to be exhaustive or exclusive. For reasons that vary from debate to debate, speakers may sometimes nee
18、d to fulfill roles not mentioned here and speeches may be constructed to serve other purposes as long as proposition speakers affirm the proposition and opposition speakers oppose it. Debaters will be judged on the overall strength of each team s arguments, not simply on whethefulfilled the roles an
19、d responsibilities listed in the table below.All speakers, except the final speakers for the proposition and opposition (Proposition and Opposition Whips), should introduce new material into the debate. All debaters, except the opening speaker (Prime Minister), should engage in refutation.Summary of
20、 Speaker Roles and ResponsibilitiesTeamSpeakerRoles and ResponsibilitiesFirstProposition“PrimeMinister The primary role of First Proposition team, initiated in this speech, is to establish the foundation for meaningful debate on the motion.The Prime Ministerresponsibilities mayinclude some or all of
21、 the following: 1) offer a reasonable interpretation of the motion, 2) to present a case supporting that interpretation. A case is simply one or more arguments supporting the First Proposition interpretation of the motion, and3) other strategies deemed important by the Prime Minister.FirstOpposition
22、l Leader of the Opposition ”The primary roles of the First Opposition team are to confront the First Government case and to establish the First Opposition辩手职责及义务小结队伍辩手职责与义务正方一队s-s首相正方一队的首要任务是升-场有 意义的辩论打造一个平台。首相的职责可参考以下数点：1）合理诠释辩题，下定义；2）给出支持该论点的论证体 系。论证体系是指支持第一正方论点 的一个或数个论据；3）使用任何首相认为重要的策 略。strategy
23、for opposing this case.反方一队反对党领袖反方一队的首要职责在于回应正The Leader of the Opposition sresponsibilities may include some or all of the following:1) to directly or indirectly refute part or all of the governments case,2) to make at least one argument that demonstrates why the First Opposition team方一队提出的论证体系；并给出
24、反对 辩题的原因。反对党领袖的职责可参考以卜数八、opposes the motion as interpreted by the Prime Minister, and3) to pursue other strategies deemed important by the“ Leader of the OppositThe opposition speaker may also challenge the interpretation of the governments case if it is unreasonable, that is, if it completely misin
25、terprets the motion the motion or severely inhibits meaningful debate.on.1）直接或间接反驳止方部分或 全部论证体系；2）至少给出一个理由，阐明反方 为何反对首相诠释的辩题；3）使用任何反对党领袖认为重 要的策略。FirstProposition“Deputy Prime Minister The Deputy Prime Min ister s responsibilit may include some or all of the following:1) to reestablish the First Propos
26、ition case by confronting any refutation presented by the Leader of the Opposition,es必要时，反对党领袖可以质疑正 方给出的辩题定义，如正方给出定义 完全不合理或严重影响辩论质量。质2) to refute some or all of the arguments presented by the Leader of the Opposition.3) to further develop the case presented by the Prime Minister, and疑定义只能正方在极端曲解辩题时使
27、 用。4) other strategies deemed important by the Deputy Prime Minister.正方一队副首相刚自和日勺职贝经夫如卜：FirstOppositionDeputy Leader of the OppositionThe Deputy Leader of the Opposition responsibilities may include some or all of the following:1) to continue refutation initiated by the Leader of the Opposition,2) t
28、o reestablish the Leader of Opposition arguments against the motion,3) to initiate a new argument against the motion as interpreted by the First Proposition team, andss1）攻击反对党领袖对止方提出的反驳，并重新建立起正方论据；2）反驳反方提出的部分或所有论据；4) to purse other strategies as deemed important by the Deputy Leader of the Oppositio
29、n.wh3）深入阐释正方论证体系；4）使用任何副首相认为重要的其它 策略。Second Proposition“Member of the Government ”The primary roles of the Second Proposition team are to support the First Proposition team while simultaneously moving the proposition position in a new and positive direction.The responsibilities of the Member of the
30、Government may include some or all of the following:1) to briefly support the case developed by the First Proposition team,2) to introduce a different argument, sometimes called a“ case extensionconsistent with yet different from the case introduced by the First Proposition team, and 3) to pursue ot
31、her strategies deemed important by the Member of the Government.反方一队ich is反对党副领 袖反对党副领袖的职责参考如下：1）继续反驳正方论据；2）重申反对党领袖反对辩题的论 据；3）继续阐释反方一队反对辩题的理由；4）使用任何反对党副领袖认为重要 的其它策略。SecondOppositionM Member of the Opposition ”The primary roles of the Second Opposition team are to support the First Opposition team wh
32、ile simultaneously moving the opposition position in a new and positive direction.The responsibilities of the Member of the Opposition may include some or all of the following: 1) to briefly support one or more arguments introduced by the First Opposition team, 2) to introduce direct and/or indirect
33、 refutation to the case extension presented by the Member of Government, 3) to introduce some new argument, compatible with, but different from that of the First Opposition Team, and4) to pursue other strategies deemed important by the Member of Opposition.正方二队内阁成员正方二队的基本职责是支持正方 一队的观点，同时提出己方新的论据 支持辩
34、题。正方一队应在不抛弃正方 一队论点的基础上形成和发展自己独 立的论证。内阁成员的职责参考如下：1）简要支持正方一队的观点；2）阐释一个或数个独立的、与正方 一队/、重复的论点；3）使用任何政府成员认为重要的策 略。Second PropositionG Government Whip”The responsibilities of the Government Whip may include some or all of the following:1) to support any new arguments introducedby the Member of Government,2
35、) to reply to any new arguments introduced by the Member of Opposition,3) to summarize the debate from the perspective of the Proposition Teams, especially from that of the Second Proposition team, and4) to pursue other strategies deemed important by the Government Whip.The Government Whip should no
36、t introduce new arguments into the debate.反方二队反对党成员反方二队日勺基本职责是支持反万 一队的观点，同时提出新的论据反对 辩题。反方二队应在不抛弃反方一队 论点的基础上形成和发展自己独立的 论证。反对党成员的职责参考如下：1）简要支持第一反方的观点；2）直接或间接反驳内阁成员引 入的新论点；3）阐释一个或数个独立的、与 第一反力不重复J勺论点；4）使用任何反对党成员认为重 要的策略。SecondOpposition“Opposition Whip”The responsibilities of the Opposition Whip may inc
37、lude some or all of the following:1) to support any new arguments introduced by the Member of Opposition,2) to reply to any new arguments introduced by the Member of Government,3) to summarize the debate from the perspective of the Proposition Teams, especially from that of the Second Opposition tea
38、m, and4) to pursue other strategies deemed important by the Opposition Whip.正方二队内阁党鞭内阁党鞭的职责参考如下：1）维护政府成员提出的新论点；2）回应反对党成员提出的新论 八、,3）从正方（特别是正方二队）的 角度总结整场辩论；4）使用任何正方陈词认为重要的 策略。内阁党鞭除反驳反对党成员提出的 论点外，/、可引入任何新论点。反方二队反对党党鞭反对党党鞭的职责参考如下：1）维护反对党成员提出的新论 八、,2）回应政府成员提出的新论点；3）从反方（特别是第二反方）的 角度总结整场辩论；4）使用任何反对党党鞭认为重要
39、的策略；反方陈词/、可引入任何新论点。AdjudicationFour-team parliamentary debates typically are judged by a panel of adjudicators trained to judge this form of debate. Following the debate, each of the four teams is ranked first through fourth and each speaker on each team is assigned a certain number of speaker point
40、s for his or her efforts. The members speaker points then are combined for the team s points.The primary decision made by the adjudicators is the ranking of teams. The determination of a team ranking is made primarily on the assessment of that team asrguments. The adjudicators may evaluate the stren
41、gth of arguments, the function of the arguments relative to those of other teams or the importance of particular arguments to the teams ;effort to prove or disprove the motion. The ranking of each team may also be based on that team effort, considering that team influence over the issues in the deba
42、te, each team contribution to the general direction and quality of the debate, as well as the team overall评判标准议会制四队辩论赛通常由一个裁判小组来评判，这些裁判都受过 专门的训练，懂得如何评判此种辩论。辩论后，四支队伍从第一至第 四的排名可见分晓。每队每位辩手将根据各自的表现获得相应分数， 把每队辩手的分数相加就得到了这队的总分。裁判们将首先评定各队的排名，主要依据每队论证的质量。裁判 可以评判论证的力度、跟其他队的论证相比所发挥的作用以及对证明 或反驳该辩题的重要性。每队的排名可根据
43、其总体表现和在以下方面 做出的贡献来评定，如对辩论中各议题的影响、对辩论大方向的引导performance.The adjudicators will make a secondary decision about the number of points each speaker receives. Typically, points are awarded on a 100-point scale with a 70 being average. Ordinarily, the range of points is between 55 and 85 points, with points
44、 awarded outside this range only for extreme examples of high quality or low quality speeches.If the tournament uses consensus judging, the adjudicators typically a panel of three adjudicators led by a more experienced chairdiscuss the round and attempt to reach consensus on the decisions described
45、above. If the panel cannot reach consensus, the will of the majority will prevail. Following the adjudication, the Chair typically offers a brief oral adjudication that explains how the panel arrived at their rankings and offers constructive feedback for the debaters. If the tournament does not use
46、consensus judging, each judge will reach his or her decision independently, without discussion and these independent decisions will be tallied by the tournament director.和辩论质量的提升。裁判们进一步评定每位辩手的分数。典型的评分制度是，满分100分，70分是平均分。得分范围通常在55到85间，只有辩论水平极高或极差，才会得到这一范围之外的分数。如果比赛采用“共识评分制”，裁判团（通常由三位组成，其中经 验最丰富者担任主席）进
47、行讨论，并尽力就各自之前做出的两种评定 达成共识。如果裁判组无法达成共识，则采纳多数意见。评判结束 后，主席通常会做出简单的口头评判，以解释裁判团如何确定各队的 排名，并为辩手们提供建设性的反馈意见。如果比赛不采用“共识评 分制”，那么每位裁判独立评判，不进行讨论，这些独立的评分由赛事 总监计算和统计。Principles of Interpreting a MotionInterpreting a Motion解释一个辩题解释辩题的原则I. Define any ambiguous termsI. 定义有可能产生不同意义的词汇。II. Outline a framework within which the debate will take place.II. 列出立论的框架IIIA. This framework
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