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1、剑桥雅思 4 听力原文1test1_section1M: Good morning!W: Good morning! How can I help you?M: I un dersta nd that the school orga ni zesumm, trips todiffere nt W: Yes. We run five every month, three during weekends and two Wednesday afternoon trips.M: What sort of places?W: Well. Obviously, it varies, but always
2、 places of historicalinterest and also which offers avariety of shopping, because our students always ask about that. And then we go for ones wherewe know there are guided tours because this gives a good focus for the visit.M: Do you travel far?W: Well, we are lucky here obviously because we are abl
3、e to say that all our visits are less thanthree hours drive.M: How much do they cost?W: Again it varies, between 5 and 15 pounds a head, depending on distance.M: Ah haW: Oh and we do offer to arrange special trips if, you know, there are more than 12 people.M: Oh right. I 'll keep that in mind.
4、And what are the times normally?W: We try to keep it pretty fixed so that the students get to know the pattern. We leave at 8.30 a.m.and return at 6 p.m. We figure it's best to keep the day fairlyshort.M: Oh yes and then how do we reserve a place?W: You sign your name on the notice board. Do you
5、 know where it is?M: Ah ha. I saw it this morning.W: And we do ask that you sign up three days in advance so we know we've got enough peopleinterested to run it and we can cancel if necessary with full refund of course.M: That 's fine. Thanks.M: And what visit sub plan for this term?W: Right
6、 . Well. I ' m afraid the schedule hasn' t been printed outyet. But we have confirmed thedates and planed the optional extra visits, which you can also book in advance if you want to.M: Oh that 's all right. And if you can just give some ideas of the weekend ones so I can, you know,work
7、out the n to see frie nds and such I2W: Oh sure. Well, err the first one is St. Ives. That's on the 13thof February and wewill have only16 places available because we're going by mini bus. And that'sthe day in town with the optionalextra of visiting the Hepworth Museum.M: All right. Yes
8、ah. That sounds good.W: And then there 's a London trip on the 16th of February. And wewill be taking amedium sizecoach so there will be 45 places on that. And let's see t heoptional extra is the Tower of London.M: Oh, I 've already been there.W: Yam. After that is Bristol on the 3rd of
9、March.M: Where?W: Bristol. B-R-I-S-T-O-L.M: Okay.W: That's in a different mini bus with 18 places available. Oh andthe optional extra is visit to theS.S. Great Britain.M: Okay.W: We're going to Salisbury on the 18th of March. And that always the popular one because theoptional extra is Stone
10、henge. So we're taking the large coach with50 seats.M: Oh good.W: And then the last one is to Bath on the 23rd of March.M: Oh yes, is Bath the Roman city?W: Yes, that 's right. And that's in the 16 seats mini bus.M: And where 's the optional visit?W: It 's to the American Museum,
11、 well worth visit.M: Okay, that 's great. And thanks all that.W: My pleasure. Oh by the way, if you want more information about any of the trips, have a lookin the student newspaper.M: Ok.W: Or have a word with my assistant. Her name is Jane Yentob. That's Y -E-N-T-O-B.M: All right. I've
12、 got that. Thank you very much for all your help.W: You're welcome. I hope you 'll enjoy the trips. test1_section23Good afternoon everybody and welcome to Riverside Industrial Village.To start your visit, I'mjust going to give you a brief account of the history of the museum before letti
13、ng you roam abouton your own. I won't keep you long. OK?Now from where we're standing you've got a good view of the river over there. And it was becauseof this fast flowing water that this site was a natural place for manufacturing works. The water andthe availability of raw materials in
14、 the area, like minerals andiron ore, and also the abundance oflocal fuels, like coal and firewood, all made this site suitable for industry from a very early time.Water was the main source of power for the early industries and some of the water wells were firstestablished in the twelfth century, wo
15、uld you believe? At that time, local craftsmen first built aniron forge just behind the village here on the bank near the river.By the seventeenth andeighteenth centuries, the region's rivers supported more than 160 watermills and many of thesecontinued to operate well into the nineteenth centur
16、y. But then the steam engine was invented andthen the railways came and the centres of industry were able to move away from the rivers and thecountryside and into the towns. So industrial villages like this one became very rare.So that's the history for you. If you'd like any more informatio
17、n, you can ask me some questions,or you can read further in our excellent guidebook.Now I 'm going to give you a plan of the site and I'd just like topoint out where everything is andthen you can take a look at everything for yourself. I've alreadypointed out the river, which is onthe le
18、ft. And of course running along the bottom is Woodside Road.Got it? Ok, now, we arestanding at the entrance. See at the bottom, and immediately to our right is the ticket office. Youwon't need that because you 've got your group booking, but justpass it are the toilets, alwayscould to know w
19、here they are. In front of us is the car park as you can see. And to the left by theentry gate is the gift shop that is where you can get copies of the guide like this one here. Nowbeyond the car park, all the buildings are arranged in a half circle with a yard in the middle. Thebig stone building a
20、t the top is the m The lower buildings you can see on the left are the cottages.These were built for the works towards the end of the eighteenth century and they are still4furnished from that period so you can get a good idea of ordinary people living conditions. Acrossthe yard from them, you can se
21、e the Stables where the horses were kept for transporting theproducts. And the separate building in front of them is the Works Office and that still has some ofthe old accounts on display. Right. If any one wants a guided tour, then I am starting at the engineroom. If you 'd like to, come along
22、this way please, ladies and gentlemen.test1_section3W: Excuse me, Dr. Johnson. May I speak to you for a minute?M: Sure. Come in.W: I ' m Melanie Griffin. I'm taking your course in populationstudies.M: Right, so, well, Melanie, how can I help you?W: I ' m having a bit trouble with the sec
23、ond assignment and it'sdue in 12 days.M: What's the sort of trouble are you having? Is the assignment question a problem?m also having been havingW: Well, that 's part of the problem. I trouble getting hold of thebooks. I 've been to the library several times and all the bookswere ou
24、t.M: It sounds like you should start borrowing the books a bit earlier.W: Well I have really a big assignment due for another course and I have been spending all mytime on that and I thought M: And you might get an extension of time to finish your assignment for me?W: If that 's possible. But I
25、don't know M: Well. Yes it's possible. But extensions are normally given onlyfor medical orcompassionatereasons. Otherwise, that's really a question of organizing yourstudy and we don 't like giving anextension to a student who simply didn't plan the work properly.What did you ge
26、t for your firstassignment?W: I got 87 percent.M: Umm. Yes, you did very well indeed. So obviously you can produce good work.W: I don 't think I need too much extra time, as long as I can gethold of some importantreferences.M: Well, since you did so well in your first assignment, I' mprepare
27、d to give you an extra twoweeks for this one. So, that will mean you need to submit it about a month from now.W: Oh thank you.5M: Now what about the reading materials? So you check out the journal articles in the list?W: Oh, no, not yet. There were about twenty of them I wasn' t surewhich ones s
28、hould be mostuseful or all important.M: Well they 're all useful, but I don 't expect anyone to read them all because anumber of themdeal with the same issues. And let me give you some suggestions. The article by Anderson andHawker is really worth reading.W: Right. I 'll read that one.M:
29、 You should also read the article by Jackson but just look at the part at the research methodology how they did it.W: Ok, Jackson, I got that.M: And if you have time the one by Roberts says very a lot of things although it 's not essential.W: Ok. If it 's useful I ' ll try with that one.
30、M: Now the one by Morris. I wouldn't borrow with that at this stageif I were you.W: Ok, I won 't borrow with Morris. Oh now, someone told me that the article by Cooper isimportant.M: Oh yes, but just look at the last part where it discusses the research result.W: And last there ' s Forst
31、er. I can 't think why I included that one. That 's not bad and could besome help but not that much.M: Now let 's deal with the assignment question. What's the problemthere?W: It 's graph from p age 2.M: It seems to be the problem is just about the bar graph showing reasons why p
32、eoples changewhere they live.W: Well I ' ve got a photocopy but the reasons at the bottom are missing.M: Ok. Look at the first bar on the graph. Now that indicates the number of people who movebecause they want more space.s about the next bar?W: Oh, I see. Bar one. Ok, now whatM: Bar two is to d
33、o with the people who live nearby disturbing them so they chose to move awayto somewhere quieter. Now let's look at bar No.3. Another reasonpeople change their places ofliving is because they want to be closer to the city.W: Ok. Proximity to the city is the issue.6M: Now bar No.4 refers to probl
34、ems when the owner of the property won 't help fix things gowrong. In other words, the owner is not helpful and so the tenants move out.W: Ok, now what about Bar 5.M: Bar 5 is about those people who move because they need a bus or train to get among the cityor to go to work.W: Ok, and Bar 6?M: B
35、ar No.6 is mid-resting. That reason was given quite a lot. People move in because theywanted to be in a more attractive neighbourhood.W: Oh yes. Thank you very much. test1_section4Good day, ladies and gentlemen. I've been asked today to talk to you about the urban landscape.There're two majo
36、r areas that I'll focus on in my talk: how vegetation can have a significant effecton urban climate and how we can better plan our cities using trees to provide a more comfortableenvironment for us to living.Trees can have a significant impact on our cities. They can make our cities, as a whole,
37、 a bit lesswindy or a bit more windy as that what you want. They can make it a bit cooler if it's a hotsummer day in an Australian city or they can make it a bit more humid if it's a dry inland city. Onthe local scale, that is a particular area within the city, treescan make the local area m
38、ore shady,cooler, more humid and much less windy. In fact, trees and plantings of various of kinds can beused to make city streets actually less dangerous in particular areas.How do trees do that, you'll ask? Well, the main difference between a tree and a building is a treehas got an internal me
39、chanism to keep the temperature regulated. It evaporates water through itsleaves. And that means the temperature of the leaves is never very far from our own bodytemperature. The temperature of a building surface on a hot sunny day can easily be 20 degreesmore than our temperature. Trees, on the oth
40、er hand, remain cooler than buildings because theysweat. This means they can humidify the air and cool it, a property which can be exploited toimprove the local climate.7Trees can also help break the force of the winds. The reason that high buildings may keep windierat ground level is that as the wi
41、nd goes higher and higher, it goes faster and faster. When the windhits the building, it has to go somewhere. Some of it goes over the top and some goes around thesides of the building, forcing those high level winds down to ground level. That doesn't happenwhen you have trees. Trees filter the
42、wind and considerably reduce it preventing those very largestrong gusts that you so often find around tall buildings.Another problem in built-up areas is the traffic noise is intensified by tall buildings. By planting abelt of trees at the side of the road, you can make things a little quieter but m
43、uch of the vehiclenoise still goes through the trees. Trees can also help reduce the amount of noise in thesurroundings, although the effect is not as large as people would like to think. Low frequencynoise, in particular, just goes through the trees as that they aren't there.Although trees can
44、significantly improve the local climate, they do, however, take up a lot ofspace. There're route system to consider and branches blocking the windows and so on. It maytherefore be difficult to fit trees into the local landscape.There's not a great deal you can do if youhave what we call a st
45、reet canyon, a whole set of high-rises enclosed in the narrow street. Treesneed water to grow. They also need some sunlight to grow and you need room to put them. If youhave the chance of knocking buildings down and replacing them, then suddenly you can startlooking at different ways to design the s
46、treets and to introduce.(End)test2_section1W: Oh, Peter, there you're. It's been ages. What catches so long? M: Sorry, I'm so late, Sally. Have you been waiting long?W: Half an hour. But it doesn't matter. I had a coffee and I had been reading this guidebook fortourists. Sit down.M:
47、Umm.W: You look very hot and tired. What would you like to drink?M: I'd love really chill mineral water or something. Would you have another coffee?W: Yes, I'll. The waitress will be back in a moment. Why are you so late. Did something happen?M: Yes. You know I went to the bank to cash somet
48、hing traveller's cheques. Well the exchange8rate was looking very healthy but I went to the teller they told me that the computer system wastemporarily down. So they couldn't do any transactions. They said the problem would be fixed in afew minutes so I waited. And then I started talking to
49、another guy in the bank and I forgot the time.W: Oh, really? Someone you met in the bank. Does he work there?M: No, he was a tourist, from NY. His name is Henry. And he's been here for a week, but he'smoving on to Germany tomorrow. He's an architect and he's spending four weeks travelling alongEurope.W: Just like us?M: Yes, just like us. He told me the names of some places where we should eat. Great food andnot t