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1、精品文档精品文档时态讲解：现在完成时(1)构成：现在完成时由助动词have +过去分词构成，助动词have有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has,其余用have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上n ot、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：否定式疑问式I have no t (have n't) studied-Have I studied？You have no t (have n't) studiedHave you studied？He has no t (has n't) studiedHas he stud
2、ied？否定疑问式简单回答(肯定/否定)Have I not (Haven' t I) studied？Yes, you have. No, you haven' tHave you not (Haven' t you) studied？Yes, I have. No, I haven' t.Has he not (Hasn' t he) studied-?Yes, he has. No, he hasn' t.(2)用法：1)现在完成时通常表示在 说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的 结果或影响。My daug
3、hter has just gone out.我女儿刚出去。I ' m sure we ' ve met be我肯定我们以前见过面。She has arrived.她到了。2) 表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，女口 recently, already, just, lately, for since ,yet等。如：I haven ' heard from her these days.这些日子我没有收到她的信。We haven ' steenyou recen tly.最近我们没有见到你。They have bee n
4、away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。She has bee n with ussince Mon day.注意：1) since和for的区别since 后接时间点，如 1993, last term, yesterday, the time I got there 。 for 后接一段时间, 表示 长达多久 ”，女口 ten years, a while, two days 等。Exercise:用 since 禾口 for 填空2. Jill has bee n in Irela nd4. Mary is in her office. She has6. The b
5、us is late. They've1. Jim has bee n in Irela ndMon day.three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia15 days.bee n there7 o'clock.5. In dia has bee n an in depe ndent country1974.bee n wait ing20 minu tes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have bee n emptymany years.8. Mikehas bee n illa l
6、ong time. He has bee n in hospitalOctober.2)表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：He has come here for 2 weeks. x They have left only for 5 minu tes.The old man has died for 4 mon ths.x以上三句话可以改为：He has bee n here for 2 weeks.The old man h
7、asfor 4 mon ths.They haveonly for 5 minu tes.3) have (has) been 和 have (has) gone 的区别：表示 曾到过某地"要用 “ have (has) been 表” 示 已经去某地"要用“ have (has) gone。试比较：Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？(已经回来了)Where has he gone?他上哪儿去了？(人不在)They have been to Can ada.他们到过加拿大。(现在已经不在加拿大)They have gone to Ca nada.他们到
8、加拿大去了。(可能在路上和已经到加拿大)4) 现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以禾口 already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, on ce, twice, ever, n ever 等连用。例如：She has already come.她已经来了。I haven ' t read it ye我还没读过这个。I have met him befo
9、re. 我从前曾见过他。Ma Hong has always bee n a goodstude nt. 马红一直是个好学生。I have ofte n see n him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。They have never been to Yan ' an他们从未去过延安。Ihave n't see n him lately. 我近来没看到他。Irregular VerbsBase FormPast FormPast Participlebearborebornbeatbeatbeatenbecomebecamebecomeblowblewblo
10、w nbringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuiltbuyboughtboughtcatchcaughtcaughtchoosechosechosencomecamecomedodiddonedrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriveneatateeate nfallfellfalle nfindfoundfoundflyflewflow ngetgotgotgivegavegive ngowentgonegrowgrewgrow nhavehadhadhearheardheardkeepkeptkeptleaveleftleftloselostlost
11、makemademadeputputputreadreadreadrunranrunsaysaidsaidseesawsee nsellsoldsoldsendsentsentsingsangsungsi nksank/sunksunktaketooktake nteachtaughttaughtwritewrotewroteam, iswasbee narewerebee nExercise:I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.2.he4. Where' s6. So far I8. I1.1already(see) the film
12、. I(see) it last week.(fin ish) his work today? Not yet.3. My fatherjust(come) back from work. He is tired now.Li Ming ? He(go) to the teacher' s office.5. I(work) here since I(move) here in 1999.(make) quite a few friends here.7. How longthe Wangs(stay) here ? For two weeks.just(fin ish) my hom
13、ework.9. He(go) to school on foot every day.10.you(find) your scie nee book yet?11. If it(be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.12. Thestude nts(read) En glish whe n the teacher came in.13. Look! The mon key(climb) the tree.14. Mymother(come) to see me n ext Sun day.15. I've lost my pen.you(se
14、e) it any where?II. Choose the best answer.1. How long have youhere?A. comeB. gotC. arrivedD. bee n2. My gran dpa died.A. at the age of my 2B. for 2 yearsC. whe n I was 2.D. my age was 6.3. Jane hasto BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. bee nB. goneC. wentD. n ever bee n4. It is ten yearsI last
15、saw her.A. afterB. sinceC. forD. that5. -Who will go to the stati on to meet Lorry?-I will. Iher several times.A. metB. have metC.had metD.will meet6. -What a nice dress! How longyouit?-Just 2 weeks.A. will, buyB. did, buyC.are, havi ngD.have, had7.-Do you know Lydia very well?-Yes, She and Ifriends
16、 since we were very young.A. have madeB. have becomeC.have bee nD.have turned8. The Smithsin China for 8 years.A. has livedB. livedC. have bee nD. live9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speak in g.Can I speak to Mr. Black?-Sorry. Hethe Bai niao Park.A. has bee n toB. has gone toC. went toD.will go to-you
17、everto the US?-Yes, twice.A. Have, goneB. Have, bee nC, Do, goD.were, going |III. Rewrite the sentences.1.1 have been to Macau before.（改为否定句）Ibee n to Macau before.2. He hasn ' t come to schoclause he was ill.（就划线部分提问） he come to school?3. I bough a new bike just now.（用 just 改写）Ijusta new bike.4
18、. We began to learn English three years ago.（改为同义句 ）WeEn glishthree years5. He has never surfed,?（改成反意疑问句）6. They have bee n here si nee 2000.（对划线部分提问）have they bee n here?（动词填空）7. The old manlast year. He hasfor a year. （die）8. Miss Gao left an hour ago.（同义句转换）Miss Gao hasan hour ago.IV. Ask the qu
19、estions1）I have bee n there for two days.you?2）My father has lived here since 2000.your father?3）He left here yesterday.he?4）They bought a book two hours ago. they a book?V . Use “ never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since” to fill in the blanks.1. I have seen him before, so I have no idea about h
20、im.2. Jack has finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ten years.4. “ Have you seen the film? ” “ No, I have seen it.5. “ Has the bus left ? ” “ Yes, it has left. ”现在完成时练习题及答案一、翻译下列句子：1你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？7.这本字典我已买了三年了。9. 我认识他们五年了。11.自从他搬到济宁，他就住这儿了。 已经三年。13.
21、自从 1999 年以来他们就认识。2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。4. 他已经吃过午饭6. 我哥哥还没回来。8. 他离开中国三年了。10. 他们已去了美国五年了。12. 我妹妹成为一个大学生14. 我来到这个学校已 3 年多了。二、用 since 和 for 填空1.two years 2.two years ago4. 19995.yesterday6. 4 o' clock8.an hour ago9. _we were children10. lunch timehere12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. I
22、' ve known him we were children.Japanese three years.15. She has been away from the city about ten years. she left the city.3._last month7 4 hours11. she left14. Our teacher has studied16. It ' s about ten years三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。 arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / g
23、o / move to spt be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there come to / go back to / returnto t be back togo out t be out1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.HeBeijing for2) I moved to the USA in 2008.Ithe USA since3) I went home yesterday.Ihome for4) They came here last week.Th
24、ey here sincefor 1) He came out two years ago.He2) We return to Beijing yesterday.We _ to Beijing since . become 宀 be1) I became a teacher in 2000. I a teacher for .2) The river became dirty last year. The river dirty for . close t be closedope nbe ope n1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop for
25、 2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door for six hours. get up t be u；p die t be dea；d leave sp. t be away from sp.fall asleep / get tot sleep；t fbineisahsl/eenpdt be；ovmerarry t be marrie；d1) I got up two hours ago.I since .2) He left Shanghai just now.He Shanghai for five minutes.3) My g
26、randpa died in 2002.My grandpa for .4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I _ since .6) They married in 1990. They since . start / begin to do sth.t d；o bsethg.in t be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I at this school since .2) The fil
27、m began two minutes ago.The film for borrow t keep； lose t not have ；buy t have ；put on t wearcatch / get a coldt hav；e a gceotldto know t knowThey it since .I a pen for 1) They borrowed it last week.him since 2) I bought a pen two hours ago.3) I got to know him last year.I4) I put on my glasses thr
28、ee years ago. I my glasses for have / has gone tot have bee n inHe has gone to Beijing.He Beijing for two days. join the league / the Party / the armyt be a league member /a Party member / a soldiert be a member of the league / the Partyt be in the league / the Party / the army1) He joined the leagu
29、e in 2002.He a for two years.He a the for two years.He the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother a for My brother in for two years.四、划线提问1) I have been there for two days. you ? 2) My father has lived here since 2000. your father ?3) He left here yesterday. he ?
30、4) They bought a book two hours ago. they a book五、用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone 填空。A: Where Li Fei ?B: He to Hainan Island.A: How long he there?B: He there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: I ' m afraid he won ' t come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to
31、 Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I never there.A: How many times Li Fei to that place?B: He there only once.六、用 have / has been to / in, have gone to 及 go 的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He his country.2) David the park just now.3) John England since he came back.4) How long they this village?5) The Smiths Beijin
32、g for years.6) you ever America? - Yes, I there many times.7) I this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? He the farm.9) When he ? He an hour ago.10) Would you like to to the zoo with me? -Yes, but I there before.11) Where you now? - I to the zoo.12) He often swimming.13) you there last yea
33、r?14) they often skating in winter?七 用 never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since 填空1. I have seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ten years.4. “ Have you seen the film? ” “ No, I have seen it.5. “ Has the bus left ? ”
34、“ Yes, it has left. ” 八. 用适当的时态填空：1.She ' s (live) here ever since she waesnt.2. Both of them (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3. Both of them (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour (pass) since the train (leave).5. Mary(lose) her pen. you (see) it here and there?6. you (find) your watch y
35、et?7. -Are you thirsty? -No I just (have) some orange.8. We already (return) the book.9. they (build) a new school in the village?10. I (not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11. My father (read) the novel twice.12. I (buy) a book just now.13. I (lost ) my watch yesterday.14. My father (read) th
36、is book since yesterday.答案一翻译下列句子：1. Have you ever had / eaten fish and chips? book.3. I have never been to the farm before. had lunch already.5. Have you seen the movie yet?back yet = My brother hasn 'retturned yet.2. I have just lost my chemistry4. He has already had lunch = He has6. My brothe
37、r hasn'cotme /get / been8. Has been away7. I have had this dictionary for three years / since three years ago.from China for three years.9. I have known them for five years.10. They have been in the USA for five years.11. He has been here since he moved to Jining.12. My sister has been a college
38、 student for three years = My sister has been in college for three years.13. They have known each other since 1999.14. I have been in this school for over three years.、用 since 或者 for 填空1. for2. since3. since4. since5. since6. since7. for8 since9.since10. since11. since12.since13. since14.for15.for16
39、. since三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语 1. has been in , five minutes2. have been in , 20083. have been at, two days4. have been , last week 1. have been out, two years2. have been back , yesterday 1. have been , nine years2. has been , two years 1. has been closed , two hours2. has been open 1. have
40、 been up , two hours ago2. has been away from3. has been dead , seven years4. has been over5. have been asleep , two hours ago6. have been married , 1990 1. have taught , 19952. has been on , two minutes 1. have kept , last week2. have had , two hours3. have known , last years4. have worn , three ye
41、ars has been in has been , League memberhas been , member of , Leaguehas been in2. has been , soldier , two yearshas been , the army四、划线提问1. How long have, been there 2. How long has , lived here3. When did , leave here4. When did , buy五、用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone 填空。A: Where has Li Fei gone?
42、B: He has gone to Hainan Island.A: How long has he been there?B: He has been there for three days.A: When will he come back, do you know?B: I ' m afraid he won' t come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I have never been there.A: How many times has Li Fei b
43、een to that place?B: He has been there only once.六、用 have / has been to / in, have gone to 及 go 的各种形式填空。1. has gone t3. has been in5. have been in7. have been in / at9. did go ; went11. are , going ; am going13. Did , go2. went to4. have , been in6. Have , been to ; have been8. has gone to10. go ; h
44、ave been12. goes14. Do , go七、综合练习1. never 2. just , already 3. for4. ever, never 5. yet , just / already2. have been八. 用适当的时态填空：1. lived / has been living 3. went 4. has passed ; left6. Have , found5. has lost ; have , seen7. have , had8. have , returned9. Have , built10. haven ' t finished11. has read 12. bought13. lost14. have been reading / has read