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1、Object Clause,宾语从句,MADE BY 沈 艳,一宾语从句重点 1.宾语从句的概念 2.宾语从句的引导词 3.宾语从句中的语序 4.宾语从句的时态变化,二、难点 1. if与whether的区别 2. when与if 引导的宾语从句和状语从句 3.宾语从句与简单句的互换,We know him,We know he likes English.,主s,主s,谓v,谓v,宾o,宾o,宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语,简单句,复合句,一 什么 是宾语从句？,试比较,Do you know who is the first Chinese astronaut(宇航员)?Our t
2、eacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. Please tell me where she has gone.I dont know if he will come tonight.Lets find out whats going on .,Find out the Object Clauses,2.由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句。这些连词既有词义又充当句子成份。,e.g.1)Do you know whose book it is ?（谁
3、的，作定语） 2)Could you tell me why the train is late? （为什么，作状语） 3)He asked who could answer the question.（谁，作主语）,注：that 在句中无词义，在从句中不能充当句子成分，在口语中往往被省略。,e.g. I hear (that) he will be back in an hour. He told me (that) the meeting was cancelled.,1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,二 .宾语从句的引导词,3.由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句,e.
4、g. I want to know if/whether she is right . They didnt know whether Tom could come back or not .,if/whether 引导宾语从句 表示“是否”之义，在句中不充当句子成份。 if/whether可互换,但whetheror not为固定搭配.,看一看：I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. If it rains ,Ill stay at home. I want to know when he will come back. When he comes bac
5、k, please tell me.想一想：when和if 可以引导什么从句？它们的时态有什么特点？,when和if 既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句。在宾语从句中，时态根据需要确定；在状语从句中，遵循主将从现的原则。,If 与whether 的区别,I dont know _ he will come or not.That depends on _ weather he can come back.He wondered _ to stay here the next week._ _ he will come is not decided.,与or not 连用只能用whether
6、,介词后只能用whether,与to do 不定式连用只能用whether,句首只能用whether,whether,whether,whether,Whether,Helen says that she will learn French next year. Do you know where he comes from? He asked me if I could get to the bus station on time.,三. 宾语从句的语序,无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。,改一改,将下列问句变成陈述句。 1. Can
7、 he swim ? swim . 2. Does he have a pen ? a pen . 3. Which place did he go to ? Which place .,He can,He has,he went to,说一说将上面的句子置于一个主句后，变成一个宾语从句。,Can you tell me/I want to know/I wonder/Please tell me?e.g. Can you tell me if/whether he can swim?,四.宾语从句中时态的变化,填一填,was,is,will cook,is singing,has been,
8、was playing,had learned,1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）,2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）,1) He will go to Hong Kong .2) He is sick.3) He is reading a book . 4) He has finished his work.,1) He to Hong Kong .,2) He sick.3) He a book . 4) He,辨一辨,would go,was
9、,was reading,his work.,had finished,确定从句的时态(根据主句时态),主句时态,从 句 时 态,连 接 前,连 接 后,一般现在时,时态保持不变,一般过去时,一般现在时,一般过去时,一般过去时,过去完成时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）,He told me (that),Summer is after Spring .,I was told (that),the sun is much bigger
10、 than the moon.,My parents told me (that),no news is good news.,比一比,比一比 I dont know where I should go. Tell me how I can do it. I dont know where to go. Tell me how to do it. 你有什么发现？ 结论：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 疑问词 + to do 的简单句。 条件：(1). 主主从主 (2). 主(间)宾从主练一练1.I dont know what I shall do next .(变为简单句） I dont
11、 know next .2.John didnt decide which book he would buy .(变为简单句） John didnt decide .3.Can you tell me how to get to the bus stop ?(变为复合句） Can you tell me the bus stop ?4.Please tell Lucy how to use the MP5 .(变为复合句） Can you tellLucy the MP5.,五.宾语从句与简单句的转换,What to do,which book to buy,how I can get to
12、,how she can use,.Find out the mistakes and correct them.1 Could you tell me where do they live? 2 She knew that Danny is a student.3 He told me that winter was colder than autumn. 4 Do you know who car it is?,was,is,whose,六.课堂检测,Could you tell me ? A. where the twins wereB. where the twins are C wh
13、ere are the twins A: Do you know ?B: Yes , he came here by train . A. when he came hereB. if he will come here C. why he came here D. how he came here3.She says she English for ten years .A. learned B. has learned C. was learning D. have learned4. The teacher told us that the earth round .A. was B.
14、is C. will be D. would be 5. Tell me . A. what wrong is with him B. whats wrong to him C. what the matter is with him D. whats the matter with him6. My friend asked me .A. who is the girl B. who the girl wasC. who was the girl D. who the girl,. Choose the right answers.,B,D,B,B,D,B,宾语从句三要素,that（陈述句 ）,ifwhether（一般疑问句 ）,特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句),主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态,语序,宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序,客观真理 自然现象公式定理 名言警句 时态不变,七.本课小结,Thanks,