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1、北京龙文环球教育科技有限公司扬州分公司七年级英语下册非谓语动词教案 人教新目标版北京龙文环球教育科技有限公司扬州分公司七年级英语下册非谓语动词教案 人教新目标版 课题 非谓语动词 学情分析 知识点的理解和记忆存在遗漏 教学目标与 考点分析 掌握重点词组和句型 教学重点 重点单词和词组句型的掌握 难点 教学方法 归纳总结，讲练结合 教学过程 1 动词的非谓语形式:动词不做谓语时的固定形式。 (1)动词的非谓语形式: to do; doing; done 不能单独做谓语。 (2)动词不定式: ? 形式: to do 否定为 not to do 它的疑问形式是:“wh-疑问词+to+动词原形”。*它
2、的被动形式:“to be +过去分词”。*它的完成形式:“to have +过去分词”。 ,动词不定式可以放在谓语前句子作主语。但是通常将作主语的动词不定式或不定式短语放在谓语后面,而在主语位置用“it”作形式主语(有时在不定式的前面还会用for sb.表示不定式的逻辑主语)。 如:To help animals is helping people.(帮助动物就是帮助人)/ (对于我们而言)学好汉语 It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese well.是非常的困难)/ (解出这道题花了我一个小时的 It took me half an hou
3、r to work out this problem.时间) ? 动词不定式可以作谓语动词(及物动词)的宾语。 A 及物动词+不定式一般形式:want(想) / try(试图) / decide(决定) / would (想要) / hope(希望) / love(喜爱) / learn(学会) / afford(提供) / agree(同意) / fail(失like败、未能) / mean(意味着) / prefer(宁愿) / wish(希望) (忘记)(记得)(总爱) forget / remember/ like 比较 He forgot to turn off the light(
4、.他忘了关灯.) (没关)/ He forgot turning off (他忘记关过灯.)(关了) / Please remember to ring me up(.记得给我the light.打电话.)(还没打电话) / I remember calling you yesterday but you forgot.(我记得昨天给你打电话了,但是你忘记了.)(打过电话) B 及物动词+疑问词+不定式: 如:He does not know which one to take(.他不知道该选哪个)/ Tell me how to get (告诉我怎么样去火车站)/ She asked me
5、what to do for todays to the station.(她问我今天家庭作业做什么)/ Can you teach me how to search the homework.?(你能教我怎样上网吗,) internetC 不定式作宾语而后面又有宾语补足语时,通常用it代替作形式宾语,而不定式则后置。如: I found it not very easy to learn to ride a bike.(我发现学骑车不很容易) ? 动词不定式可以在句子中用作定语,放在名词或代词后面。 A 记住下面的一些结构: 被修饰部分 + 不定式(作后置定语) 汉 语 意 思 a key
6、to lock the door 锁门的钥匙 a box to hold these 装这些东西的箱子 things give her a book to read 给她一本书读 to (do)? Is there any (+名词/有要(做的)吗? 代词) Its time to go. 是走的时间了。/ 该走了。 Do you have any work to do? 你有工作要做吗? Id like something to eat. 我要点儿吃的。 I have nothing to say. 我没有话要说。 2 Would you like to drink? 你要点儿喝的吗, so
7、mething B 在这种情况下,如果不定式动词是不及物动词,则后面必须加介词。如: They could not find a place to live in(.他们找不到住的地方)/ Please give me (请给我一张椅子坐坐)/ He has got a writing brush to write a chair to sit on.(他找到了写字的毛笔) with? 动词不定式可以在句子中用作状语,有下列几种情况: A 放在不及物动词(等词)的后面。如:come, go, stop, finish, waitHe came to see .(他昨天来看望她)(表示来的目的)
8、/ I stopped to have a rest.(我her yesterday停下来休息一会儿)(表示停下来的目的) B 放在完整的谓语之后(即“谓语+宾语”、“谓语+宾语+补语”、“动词+表语”之后)。如:We cleaned the room to let him play in it(我们打扫了房间以便让.他在里面玩)/ I opened the window to see more clearly.(我打开窗子以便看得更清楚点儿) C 有时表示目的的不定式短语可以放在句首。如:To arrive there on time,I got up .(为了按时到达,我们比平时早起了一个
9、小时)(表示one hour earlier than usual早起的目的) 注意 stop to do 与stop doing的不同。如:They stopped to have a look.(他们停下来看看)(不定式作“停下来”的目的状语)/ They stopped looking out of the .(他们停止向窗外望,开始听老师window and began to listen to the teahcher讲课)(动名词作宾语,表示“停止”的内容) ? 动词不定式可以在句子中用作表语,限用于连系动词之后。如:My job is to keep the .(我的工作就是守住
10、球门) goal? 动词不定式可以在句子中用作复合宾语中的宾语补足语。 + 宾语 +不定式 谓 语 动 词(vt.) (人 / 物) (作宾语补足语) ask(请) / tell(关照) / teach(教) / want(想要) / would like(想要) / get(让) +sb. / +to (do) (帮) / invite(邀请) / like(喜欢) / helpsth./ warn(警告) / make(使得) / let(让) / hear(听) / +sb. / (看) / feel(感觉) / watch(观看)/ + (do) see sth.have(使得) /
11、help(帮助) 如:Mum asked me to help her with the cooking(.妈妈叫我帮助她做饭)/ I would like (我想要你见见我的父母)/ The boss often made the you to see my parents.(老板常让工人们一天工作14小时)/ Now let me hear workers work 14 hours a day.(现在让我来听你拉小提琴) you play the violin注意 help之后做宾补的不定式符号to可以省略;hear / see / feel / watch之后的宾补用不定式与现在分词时
12、,含义不同,需特别注意,(参见现在分词部分)。试比较: I heard her crying when I walked past.(我路过时听到她正在哭)(指当时瞬间的情况) I sat near her and heard her sing the new song(我坐在她附近听她.唱新歌)(指整个过程) (3)动名词 ? 动名词由动词原形加词尾“ing”构成。动名词有动词的特征,可以跟宾语,可以被状语修饰;它也有名词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)等。动名词加相关词语(宾语或状语等)构成动名词短语。 ? 动名词可以作主语。一般可用it作形式主语而将动名词短语后移。如:L
13、earning (自学好英语不那么容易)(=It is not so English all by yourself is not so easy.) easy learning English all by yourself3 ? 动名词可以作宾语。 A want / need之后用动名词时,含有被动意思。如:Your car needs reparing badly.(你的车急需修理。)(被修)My hair needs cutting.(我要理发。)(头发被理) B remember / forge / stop / finish之后用动名词时,与用不定式含义不同。如:I .(我忘了给他
14、写封信)(根本没写) / I forgot forgot to write a letter to him.(我忘了给他写过信)(写了却忘了) / They stopped to writing a letter to him.(他们停下来向后看)(停下的目的是向后看) / They stopped looking look back(他们停止向后看)(不向后看了) back.C enjoy / mind / keep / hate/ go等词一般用动名词作宾语。如:Do you mind my (把门关上你介意吗,)/ She hates travelling by air(.她讨closi
15、ng the door?厌坐飞机旅行)/ They went swimming every afternoon.(他们每天下午去游泳)/ I .(我喜欢在镇上转悠) enjoy walking around the townD like / love / start / begin / learn后面用动名词时,与用不定式意思相近或相同。如:We began to study English when we were at primary school.(我们在小学时就开始学英语了) / We began studying English when we were at primary . (
16、我们在小学时就开始学英语了) school? 动名词可以作表语,此时特别注意不要与现在进行时混淆。如:My job is putting these .(我的事情是把这些部件拼起来) / I am putting these parts parts together.(我正在把这些部件拼起来) together(? 动名词与现在分词构成相同,但是含义不同,动名词主要表示事情,而现在分词则主要表示进行着的动作。如:Eating too much is not good for your health. (动名词短语,作主语) / Seeing is believing.(动名词短语,分别作主语和
17、表语) / He ran .(现在分词,作定语) / His father saw him after a moving bus and got onto it.(现在分词,作宾补) sitting on some eggs(4)分词: 包含现在分词和过去分词。(高中学习重点) ? 主要区别:现在分词一般有主动的意思或表示动作正在进行的意思;过去分词有被动或动 作已经完成的意思。分词可以有自己的宾语或状语。 ? 分词或分词短语在句子中作定语、状语和复合宾语等。 A 作定语:分词作定语时,一般要放在修饰的名词之前,分词短语作定语时,则要放在所修饰的名词之后。 如:I have got a run
18、ning nose.(我流鼻涕) / The woman (跟着小偷running after the thief shouted very loudly,“Stop the thief!”追的妇女大喊:捉小偷) / Yesterday I met a man called Mr. Black(.昨天我遇见了一个名叫布莱克先生的人)/ He only gave me a broken glass,so I was very .(他只给了我一个坏玻璃杯,所以我很生他的气) angry with himB 现在分词可以作下列动词的宾语补足语。(参考不定式作宾语补足语) 谓语动词(vt.) 宾语 宾
19、语补足语 keep(保持) / see(看到) / hear(听到) / watch(注意到) / sb./sth. (do)ing feel(感觉到) 如:Mum kept me working all the week(.妈妈让我一个星期都在工作)/ When I (我进入房间时看到杰克正在entered the room,I saw Jack eating a big pear.吃一只大梨子)/ In the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot.(黑暗之中我感到有个冷的东西在我的脚上移动) C 现在分词可以作状语,表示伴随情
20、况。如:She came into the classroom,holding (他走进教室,手上抓着一沓纸)/ I am very busy a pile of papers in her hand.(这些日子我正忙着准备these days getting ready for the coming oral test.即将来到的口语考试) D 过去分词可以作表语,放在连系动词后面,但要注意不要与被动语态混淆,“主系表”主要表示状态,而被动语态则表示动作。常用过去分词作表语的结构有:be (焦虑) / be pleased (高兴) / be tired (疲劳) / get dressed
21、 (打扮worried 好) / get lost (迷路) / get caught (遭遇) / beome frustrated (沮丧) / become 4 intereted in (对感兴趣)等等。例略。 E 过去分词可以作宾语补足语。如:I had my hair cut this morning.(今天早上我让人给我理了发)(注意:have sth. done表示动作由别人来做,而have done sth.则为现在完成时的结构,两个结构不可以混淆) 8、动词用法辨析: (1)“Why not+动词原形+?”(干嘛不?)是简略句,完全形式是:Why dont you +动词原
22、形+?如:Why not go and have a look?(干嘛不去看看, (2) seem(好象)的用法:记住几个结构:?sb./sth. + seem + (to be+)形容词+;?sb./sth. ;?sb/sth + seem + to (do);?It seems that + 从句。如:He + seem + like +(被校长叫到seemed (to be) very happy when he was called by the headmaster. 名字时他好象很开心) / It seems that nobody else could do such a foo
23、lish thing . (除了吉姆好象没有什么人会做出如此愚蠢的事情来) except Jim(3) be afraid(害怕)的用法:记住几个结构:?be afraid of sth; be afraid of (doing); ?be afraid to (do); ?be afraid that+从句。如:She is a little afraid of (她有点怕蛇)/ Dont be so afraid to stay at home alone at night.(别snakes.害怕晚上一个人在家)/ Im afraid that somebody will take his
24、 place because of .(恐怕有人要取代他了,因为他犯了那么大的错误) his serious mistakes(4) be sorry(抱歉)的用法:记住几个结构:?be sorry for (sth); ?be sorry for (doing ; ?be sorry to (do); ?be sorry that+从句。如:I am very sorry for keeping sth)(不好意思让你久等了)I am sorry to trouble you.(对不起,麻you waiting so long.烦你了)/ I am sorry (that) he isnt
25、here at the moment.(恐怕他现在不在) (5) be sure (确信)的用法:记住几个结构: ?be sure of (sth); ?be sure to(do); ?be 从句。如:She told me many times that she was sure to come.(她给我sure that+讲过多次她一定会来的) / Are you sure of your answer?Maybe its wrong.(你对你的答案有把握吗,也许是错的。)/ I am sure that Dad will help me with the job.(我确信爸爸会帮着我做
26、这件事情的) (6) make 与do的用法:一般情况下表示进行活动或者做工作用do,表示创造建构某事物用make. 如:I dont know what to do(.我不知道该干什么)/ Im not going to do any (我不准备做什么)/ My father and I once made a boat.(我和我爸曾经做过一work.只船) 此外还要记住一些固定说法:do good / harm / business / ones best / a favour make a decision / an effort / a mistake / a noise / a ph
27、one call / money / war / the bed / sure,. (7)put on、wear、haveon、be in、try on、dress的用法:put on强调“穿、戴”这个动作过程,wear则表示“穿着、戴着”这一状态,have+衣物+on主要表示状态,be in(+颜色/衣物)也是表示一个状况,dress(+人)表示“给人穿衣”。如:Please put on your (请穿上你的新鞋)/ The twins are wearing the same clothes.(双胞胎穿new shoes.着相同的衣服)/ Today she has an overco
28、at on(.今天她穿着一件大衣) / Do you know (你认识那个身穿黑衣的女人吗,)/ Dad is dressing Tom the woman who is in black?.(爹正在给汤姆穿衣) now注意dress与wear或put on的区别:wear或put on常用衣物作宾语,而dress常用人作宾语。表示给自己穿衣时常用“get dressed”或“dress oneself”表达。be dressed 与wear基本同义。dress up意为“穿上盛装、乔装打扮”。如:Could you dress the in(你能替我给宝宝穿衣吗,)/ He is eigh
29、t but cant dress himself(.他baby for me?八岁了,还不会穿衣服)/ She was dressed in a red coat.(她穿着一件红上衣)/ Do I have (我得穿上好衣服去参加吉姆的聚会吗,) to dress up to go to Jims party?(8)look for、searchfor、find、find out的用法:前面两个词语表示动作过程,后面两个表示结果,look for指“寻找”不见的或丢失的东西,但还没有找到;searchfor指“为找而搜寻”;find指“找到”了东西;find out主要指“查明一个事实真5 相
30、”。如:Hey, Monkey, what are you looking for in the cupboard?(嘿,猴儿你在厨子里面找什么呢,)/ Have you found the lost key to your car?(你找着丢失的车钥匙了吗,)/ The soldiers were searching the room for the spy when they heard (士兵们正在房间里面搜寻间谍突然间他们听到了衣声巨响)/ Lets try a loud noise.(让我们查查谁把窗子打破了) to find out who broke the window注解 f
31、ind的几个结构:find sb. sth“为某人找到”,find sth./sb. + adj./n.“发觉某人是”, (或+宾语从句)“发现(做)如何”。如: find it +adj.+ to doHis (他的母亲发现她的女儿是个聪明的mother found her daughter a very clever girl.女孩)(名词作补语补足语) / You can easily find it not good for your health to (你很容易就会发现吃冷食对你的身体是不利的) eat cold food.(9)look、see、watch、read的用法:四个词
32、均与眼睛有关,look指放眼去“看”(不管是否看得到),指“看”的过程;see指“看见”这一结果,有时see还引申为“明白”,表示“看”时后面加“电影”等词;watch指专注的看,含有“注视、监视”之义,后面常跟“电视、比赛”等词;read限制为看书面材料,译为“看、阅读”,后面跟“书、报纸、杂志”等词。如:What are you looking at(?你在看什么,)/ Please look at the (请看黑板)/ Let me go to see the film, mum, will you? (妈妈,让我blackboard.去看电影吧,好吗,)/ He wont feel
33、well until he finishes watching the football (要看完了足球赛他才会感觉好些)/ Reading gives us knowledge.(阅读给我们match.知识) (10)hear、hear of、hear from、learn的用法: hear“听说”,后面可以跟名词、代词、从句表示听见的内容,hear of“听说”,后面跟人,指对某人有耳闻但没有见过面;hear “收到的来信”,后面加人;learn“听说、得知”,后面跟从句,含义与hear相from似。如:I hear Mr Green is coming to see us tonight
34、. (我听说格林先生今晚要来看望我们)/ Have you ever heard of the man who once went to the Himalaya Mountains? (你是否听说过那个去过喜马拉雅山的人,)/ How often do you hear from your father? (隔多久你收到你父亲的信,)/ He learned the musician himself was in town.(他听说音乐家本人就在城里) (11)speak、talk、say、tell的用法:四个词与“说”有关。speak“讲话、发言、演说”,是不及物动词,涉及人时要加介词to
35、,speak作及物动词时后面跟语言名称;talk“谈话、闲谈”,是不及物动词,涉及人时用介词with、to等,涉及事情时后面跟介词about等;say 是及物动词,后面跟名词、代词、从句等,表示说的内容;tell是及物动词,后面首先要跟人,然后再跟从句或者介词短语等。如:Do you speak English? (你讲英语吗,)/ (谁在会上发了言,)/ Our teacher is talking to Lin Who spoke at the meeting?(我们的老师正在跟林涛的家长讲话)/ Can you say it in English? (你Taos parent.能用英语说
36、出它吗,)/ Please tell me something about the strange flying object. (请跟我讲讲那个奇怪的飞行物的事情吧) (12)there be、have的用法:两个词都可以译为“有”,但是,have表示的是“拥有”,主语必须是人或者物;there be表示“存在”的概念,主语在there be之后。如:How many (你有多少兄弟,brothers and sisters do you have? I have only one brother.我只有一个兄弟。)/ How many chairs and desks are there
37、in their classroom? There (他们教室里有多少张桌椅,一张也没有。) is none.注解there be sb./sth doing与there be sb./sth to do 有所不同:用doing表示一个正在发生的事情,而用to do 则表示一个滞后或迟于there be的动作。如: Look! There is a dog lying on the stairway. / Take your time. There is nothing for you to do tonight.(13)borrow、lend、keep的用法:表示“借”的三个词,borrow
38、“借进”、lend“出借”都是一次性动作,不可以和表示一段的时间状语连用;keep“保存”用来表示借一段时间。如: I have lost the book I borrowed from my teacher. What can I do? (我丢掉了从老师那里借来的书)/ How long have you kept my dictionary,eh?For more than (呃,我的字典你借了多久了,两个多月了) two months!(14)bring、take、carry、send、lift的用法:bring指从远处“拿来”;take指从面前“拿走”;carry指一般的搬运,不涉
39、及方向;send主要指“送、派遣、寄”;lift指把东6 西由低向高“提起、拎起”。例略。 (15)hope、wish的用法:两个词都表示“希望”,但是,hope表达有把握或信心实现的事情,后面直接跟动词不定式或者宾语从句,不可以跟动名词或作宾语补足语的不定式;wish表达实现的可能性不大的事情,后面跟名词、宾语从句(用过去时)或者作宾语补足语的不定式。如:We all hope to see him very soon. (我们全都希望尽快见到他)/ I hope it will (我希望明天天好,这样我们就能出去了。)/ be fine tomorrow so that we can go
40、 out.!(我多么希望此刻不在下雨)(事实上How I wish it was not raining at the moment天正在下雨) (16)take、spend、pay、cost的用法: spend的宾语通常是金钱或时间,句型:sb.+(spend)+时间/金钱+on sth / (in) doing ; sth.take的主语通常是事情,句型:sth./It + (take)+sb.+时间+to do 。(如果是动作则常用it作形式主语将动词不定式后移); cost的宾语通常是时间、金钱、力气,句型:sth. +(cost)+sb.+时间/金钱/力气. ; pay的宾语通常是金
41、钱,句型:sb.+(pay)+金钱+for+事物. 如: (她花了一个晚上看那本小说)She spent the whole night reading the novel./ This (做这件事情job will take me two days.=It will take me two days to do the job.要花我两天的时间)/ How much does a house like this cost ?(像这样的房子要花多少钱,)/ I paid him twenty dollars for the book. (我花了20元从他那儿买了书) (17)的用法:是不及物动
42、词,到达具体地点时后面加介arrive in/at、reach、get toarrive词at,到达一个大的地方(国家、城市)时后面加介词in,arrive后面可以直接跟地点副词here/there/home等;get表示“到达”时是不及物动词,涉及地点(无论大小)时后面加to,get后面可以直接跟地点副词here等;reach是及物动词,后面直接跟地点名词。如:He arrived in San Francisco last Sunday. (上个星期天他抵达旧金山)/ How did you (你是怎样在夜间到达那里的,)/ We hurried all the way and get t
43、here in the night?. (我们一路狂奔在火reached the station just five minutes before the train left车启动前5分钟到达车站) (18)be made of、be made from、be made into、be made in、be made by、be made for的区别:be made of指从制成品中可以看得出原材料,而be made from则指从制成品中看不出原材料,口语中都可以换成be made out of。 be made into表示“被制成”,be 表达被制造的地点,be made by表达制
44、造的人,be made for表达被制造的目的。made in如:This kind of paper is made from bamboo. (这种纸是由竹子生产的)/ The desk is (桌子是铁和木头打的)/ A lot of paper has been made into made of wood and metal.(许多纸被折叠成了小鸟)/ Computers are made in these cities. (计算paper birds.机是在这几个城市制造的)/ This kite was made by Uncle Wang. (这个风筝是王叔叔做的)/ A bi
45、g bag was made for me to hold my waste things.(一只大包做好了让我装废物) (19)be used for、be used to、used to、get used to的区别:be used for + 名词/代词或动名词, be used to + 动词原形,表示两个短语意思相近,表示“用于”。 used to + 动词原形,表示“过去常常”,否定式可以是“didnt use to”也可以是“usednt ”;get/be used to + 动名词,表示“习惯于.”。如:A knife can be used for cutting to(刀可
46、以用来割东西)/ A knife can be used to cut things.(刀可以用来割东西)/ things.(他上学时常常He used to borrow novels from the library when he was at school.在图书馆借书)/ He is used to getting up early in the morning. (他习惯早起) (20)beat,win与lose: beat (打败),后面跟“人”,而win(赢得),后面跟“比赛、竞赛”等。如:Who won at last? (最后谁赢了,)/ Class Three beat
47、us 5-0. (三班以5?0打败了我们)/ I am sure to win the match .(我一定能赢得比赛) 而lose则表示“输了”,常用句型:lose sth. to sb. 如:Unluckily we lost the match 7 to Class Three. (不幸的是我们比赛输给了三班) (21)join、join in、take part in的区别:join多指参加组织、团体、党派等,后面跟人时表示和某人一起参加某项活动;join in指参加某项游戏或活动;take part in多指参加群众性的活动、运动、会议等。如:He joined the army in 2001.(他2001年参军)/ They (他们和我一起向你祝贺)/ Do join us in the game.(千joined me in congratulating you.万参加我们的比赛) / He took an active part in the students movement in the .(在二十世纪40年代他积极参加学生运动) 1940s(22)的用法:“”意思是“针对而