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1、L4-U2-P1 英语流利说4-2-1 懂你英语Level4 Unit2 Part1L4-U2-P1-1 Listening : Extinction Events 1The Earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago.The first life appeared about a billion years later.The first plants didnt appear until around 2 billion years ago.Until about 580 million years ago, life forms were s
2、mall and microscopic.Since that time, life hasevolved into many different types,or species.However, scientists estimate that more than 99% of them are now extinct.When did the first plants first appear on Earth? -The first plantsdidnt appear untilaround 2 billion years ago .Since that time, life has
3、 evolved into many different types , or species.There have been several extinction events in the history of the Earth.In an extinction event many life forms, or species of life, die out.The causes of mass extinction events areunsolved mysteries.These events are not predictable and can happen at any
4、time.Scientists think that some of them were started byasteroidimpacts or volcanic eruptions.Events like these can change the global conditions that life depends on.events in the historyofWhat is an asteroid impact? - Its when an asteroid collides with something.There have been several extinction th
5、e Earth.One major extinction event happened about 66 million years ago.That event may have been started by a large asteroid that hit the Earth.As a result, the dinosaurs and about half of all species on the planet died out.When the asteroid hit the earth, it started a chain of events.A chain of even
6、ts is a series of events linked together, like a chain.What may have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs? - An asteroid hit the Earth and started a chain of events.A chain of events is a series of events linked together, like a chain.This particular chain of events happened over a period of month
7、s and years.When the asteroid hit the Earth, it caused a huge cloud of dust to enter the atmosphere.This cloud of the dust blocked the sun and darkened the Earth for many months.Without enough sunlight, plants and plant-eating animals quickly died.With the deaths of so many plants and animals, the f
8、ood chain collapsed.This led to the deaths of many more species.What may have darkened the Earth for many months?- This cloud ofthe dust blocked the sun and darkened the Earth for many months.(1) When the asteroid hit the Earth, it caused a huge cloud of dust to enter the atmosphere.(2) This cloud o
9、f the dust blocked the sun and darkened the Earth for many months.(3) Without enough sunlight, plants and plant-eating animals quickly died.(4) With the deaths of so many plants and animals, the food chain collapsed.This particular and years.chain of events happenedover a period of monthsMass extinc
10、tion events have played an important part in the evolution of life.In fact, some extinction events have helped to accelerate evolution.For example, some mammals lived through the age of the dinosaurs, but they couldnt compete.When the dinosaurs were removed, the mammals were able to compete more suc
11、cessfully.Once they could compete, mammals evolved to a higher state.Without extinction events, perhaps we wouldnt be here today.What may have blocked the evolution of mammals?-Mammals couldntcompete successfully with the dinosaurs, so their evolution was blocked.When the dinosaurs were removed , th
12、e mammals were able to compete more successfully.There have been several extinction events in the history of the Earth.These events are not predictable and can happen at any time.With the deaths of so many plants and animals, the food chain collapsed.That event may have been started by a large aster
13、oid that hit the Earth.Once they could compete, mammals evolved to a higher state.L4-U2-P1-2 Listening : Extinction Events 2Scientists estimate that there have been at least 5 mass extinctions in the last 540 million years.They also believe that we have entered a new extinction event.Species are bec
14、oming extinct at a much faster rate than before.Instead of asteroids or volcanic eruptions, the current event is the result of human activities.Human activities, for example, have led to global warming.What is causing the current mass extinction event?-This newextinction event is caused by humans.Gl
15、obal warming is the result of an increase in carbon gases in our atmosphere.These gases trap heat from the sun, so the Earth is getting warmer.As a result, sea levels are rising and weather patterns are changing.In addition, we humans are destroying thehabitats of many plantsand animals.Cutting down
16、 forests and polluting rivers destroys the habitats of many forms of life.What traps heat from the sun?- Carbon gases in the atmospheretrap heat from the sun.Cutting down forests and polluting rivers destroys the habitats of many forms of life.There is no longer any doubt that this is happening.Spec
17、ies of life are disappearing at an increasing rate.Global temperatures are rising and weather patterns are changing.Scientists are warning us that fast action is necessary to save our future.If we dont act, we may go the way of the dinosaurs.There is no longer any doubt that this is happening.If we
18、dont act, we may go the way of the dinosaurs.Species of life are disappearing at an increasing rate.Scientists are warning us that fast action is necessary to save our future.Global warming is the result of an increase in carbon gases in our atmosphere.L4-U2-P1-3 Vocabulary : Body SystemsThe bodys c
19、irculatory system includes the heart and blood vessels.The heart pumps blood to all parts of the body through a network of arteries and veins.The digestive system breaks down and absorbs food into the body.It supplies the energy that the body needs forgrowth and repair.After digestion, excess foodis
20、 turned into waste and eliminatedfrom the body.The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord and nerves.This is your bodys control system.It controls your muscles and organs, including your circulatory and digestive system.The respiratory system includes the nose and lungs.It brings air and oxy
21、gen into the body and removes carbon dioxide.The lungs are where oxygen enters thebloodstream, and carbondioxide is removed.The immune system protects the body against infections and diseases.Sneezing and fever are examples of how the immune system works.If an infectioninvades the body, the immune s
22、ystem attacks it.Which system circulates blood throughout the body? -The heart pumps blood and the blood vessels transport the bloodthroughout thebody.Which system digests food and supplies energy to the body? - the digestive systemWhich system brings air and oxygen into the body? -the respiratory s
23、ystemWhat is your bodys control system?- the nervous systemWhich body system protects the body againstinfections? -the immune systemThe heart pumps blood to all parts of the body through a network ofThe digestive system is where the food is broken down and absorbed into the body.It brings air and ox
24、ygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide.The respiratory system includes the nose and lungs.It brings air and oxygen into the body andremoves carbondioxide.Sneezing and fever are examples of how the immune system works.The bodys circulatory system includes the heart and blood vessels.The digest
25、ive system breaks down and absorbs food into the body.L4-U2-P1-3 Vocabulary : Great DiscoveriesThe controlled use of fireallowed people to cook foodsocializeforand survive in colder climates.Fire provided light so that people could work and longer hours.With the invention of agriculture, people coul
26、d grow food and settle into communities.By growing food, people could spend less time hunting, and more time for other things such as art.The domestication of animals allowed people to raise and use animals for food and work.By raising herds of animals such as sheep, humans had a regular supply of m
27、eat and clothing.The strength of animals such as horses and oxen was used for work and transportation.The development of tools and machines has resulted in more efficient manufacturing and construction.With better tools and machines, work can be done with fewer people and at much lower costs.The dev
28、elopment of science and engineering has improved many things, including communications.With an understanding of electricity, telephones and radios allow people to communicate over long distances.What allowed people to cook food?- The controlled use offire allowed people to cook food.What has improve
29、d the quality and efficiency in manufacturing and construction? - The development of tools and machines has resulted in more efficient manufacturing and construction.What allowed people to take advantage of thestrengthof animals? - The domestication of animals allowed people to raise and use animals
30、 for food and work.What helped people to spend less timehunting for food? - Withthe invention of agriculture, people became lessdependenton hunting for food.What has changed the way we communicate? - Science and engineering have changed the way we communicate with each other.Fire provided light so t
31、hat people could work and socialize for longer hours.The strength of animals such as horses and oxen was used for work and.Withbettertools and machines,work can be done with fewer people and at much lowercosts.With the development of agriculture, people had more time for other activities.Science and
32、 engineering have changed the way we communicate with each other.The controlled use of fireallowed people to cook foodand survive in colder climates.Science and engineering breakthroughs are rapidly changing the way we live our lives.L4-U2-P1-5 Dialogue : Smartphone AddictionM: I took a vacation las
33、t night.W: What are you talking about? Where did you take your vacation?M: I didnt go anywhere. I just spent an evening without my smart phone.W: How was it?M: It was great. I got a real magazine and read it with no interruption. It was very peaceful.W: Yes, I havent done that in a long time.If some
34、one is interrupted, they have to. stop what they are doing.What hasnt she done in a long time? - She hasnt spent time without her Smartphone.M: You know what? Im beginning to hate Smartphone s.W: Really? But you cant live without one, right?M: Yes, thats the problem. These things are changing the wa
35、y people live.What is changing the way people live?- Smartphone s are changingthe way people live.What cant people live without?-People cant live withoutSmartphone s.I took a vacation last night.What are you talking about?It was very peaceful.I just spent an evening without my Smartphone.She hasnt s
36、pent time without her Smartphone.W: Yes, I just saw a documentary about that. A husband was complaining to his wife that she was spending too much time on her Smartphone.M: What happened? Did they get a divorce?W: You guessed it. In the end, they got a divorce.What happened to the couple? - In the e
37、nd, they got a divorce.What was the wife spending too much time doing?-playing on herSmartphoneM: Its a bit ironic, dont you think? Smartphone s were supposed to bring people together, but they are pulling people apart.W: Yes, you are right.M: Hey, just a minute. Ive got a message on my Smartphone,
38、and it cant wait.What do they think ironic about Smartphone s? - Instead of bringing people together, they are pulling them apart.Yes, I just saw a documentary about that.She was spending too much time on her Smartphone.Smartphone s were supposed to bring people together, but they are pulling people
39、 apart.I got a real magazine and read it with nointerruption.Dialogue 2: Rude Boss(B: Boss E: Employee)B: Hey, wake up and get back to work. Whats wrong with you?E: Im on my break sir, and I have a bad headache.B: Well, were not paying you to sleep. If youre going to sleep, sleep someplace else.E: Y
40、es, sir. Sorry, it wont happen again.B: You had better not.How does the manager treat the employee? - in a threatening manner E: Just a minute. Dont talk to me like that.B: What did you say?E: You hurt me. You dont have to treat people like that.B: Well, if you dont like it, I suggest you leave.E: OK, I will. Ive had enough of you. Ill get a job somewhere else.How does the employee feel? - angryWhats wrong with you?Well, were not paying you to sleep.The employee treats the manager respectfully.Im on my break sir, and I have a bad headache.You dont have to treat people like that.