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1、社会保障学论述题电大（ The issue of social securityDiscourse problem:1. respectively the social insurance, social assistance and social welfare and social care principle. P28-29In the social security system, various projects have different principles.(1) the principle of social assistanceThe principles of soci
2、al assistance include selective principle, humanitarian principle, the principle of recipients rights and the principle of minimum living.The object of social assistance is limited to the poor and the affected population. It is the responsibility of the government to help the poor and the affected,
3、and the right that the recipients should enjoy.(two) the principle of social insuranceSocial insurance is the principle of rights and obligations of combining principle, the principle of mutual co-ordination.The object of social insurance is mainly employees in the industry. The establishment of soc
4、ial insurance system in our country is to realize the unity and mutual aid amonginsurance objects, to shoulder the sameboat, to bear the risks together. Whether or not to enjoy insurance depends on whether or not to participate in insurance; the level of insurance is generallyrelated to the amount o
5、f the insureds contribution to the insurance, which is the combination of rights and obligations.(three) the principle of social welfareThe principle of social welfare is the combination of universality and selectivity.It adopts the principle of combining universality and selectivity, or Pratt & Whi
6、tney, the public, everyone sharing, or selectively adding icing on the cake for some people.(four) the principle of social careThis is the principle of social rights and obligations of the principle of combining the principle of excitation in remembrance.On the one hand, social special care is to en
7、courage the soldiers on the other hand also protect our homes and defend our country, the rights of soldiers. The soldiers set up social care system is the responsibility of the government, but also to the general national military should return. Through the material incentive and honor incentive, i
8、ncentive to encourage young people to join the army to serve the country, and enhance the military patriotic army honor.2. try to discuss the modeof endowmentinsurance system. P76-77The models of pension insurance system in the world are classified as follows:(I) welfare state typeThe welfare state
9、endowment insurance system is typical of sweden. In the welfare state pension insurance system: insurance coverage for all, follow the GSP principle, the pension fund is mainly responsible for the government and enterprises, the national pension age (whether or not to work too) can get a pension, ac
10、cording to the principle of the GSP pension is also known as universal pension.(two) social insurance typeSocial insurance endowment insurance system is typical of germany. Under the social insurance endowmentinsurance system, insurance covers employees in the industry, not the whole people; the gov
11、ernment, enterprises and individuals share the three parties together, and the insurance treatment is related to the premium payment.(three) national insurance typeThe state insurance pension system was implemented in the socialist planned economycountries, represented by the Soviet Union and China
12、before the reform. Under the national insurance endowment insurance system: insurance covers workers in the industry, individual does not pay, the national system policy, employers implement insurance on behalf of the country, the insurance treatment is closely related to the level of wages.(four) p
13、ersonal savings typeThe individual savings pension system is typical of Singapore and chile. Under the personal savings pension insurance system, insurance covers employees in the industry, and enterprises and individuals pay premiums.The classification of the above four institutional models is very
14、 rough.3. try to describe several modes of medical insurance system. P103-106Because the level of economic development in different countries, the practice of medical insurance system is also quite different. The current medical insurance system in the world can be roughly divided into two parts:(1)
15、 national health insurance modelNational health insurance is also called National guaranteed medical insurance or universal medical insurance, which means that the state provides almost free medical services for all members of the society. Insurance funds come from government taxes, and citizens don
16、t have to pay for medical care when they see a doctor. The universal health insurance system implemented in Britain, Canada and Sweden is a national health insurance model.Britain was the first to implement universal medical insurance, and it was the representative and promoter of the model.(two) th
17、e mode of social medical insuranceSocial medical insurance by the state and the government through legislation and enforcement, the employer and the employee share premium, when social members need to treat the disease risk, the community to provide medical services and medical expenses, and individ
18、uals also need to bear a certain proportion of medical expenses. Social medical insurance emphasizes marketization and individual responsibility. The main characteristics of the model are: one side, multi share medical insurance; second, adopt the third party payment; third, individuals bear a certa
19、in proportion of medical expenses.Germanyis the country that sets up social insurance system in the world.(three) the mode of commercial medical insuranceThe mode of commercial medical insurance usually refers to raising medical insurance fund and providing medical service by the market. The whole i
20、nsurance procedure is consistent with commercial insurance, and the government will regulate and supervise it through the corresponding legislation. Commercial medical insurance is completely market-oriented operation. The United States is the typical representative of the commercial medical insuran
21、ce model, mainly based on private commercial medical insurance. The advantage of the commercial medical insurance model is to give full play to the efficiency of the market mechanism, the governments financial burden is small, so that the lack of social justice.(four) the mode of cooperative medical
22、 insuranceCooperative medical insurance is based on the community, mainly in the rural areas of china. Because of its large number of coverage, together with the coverage of urban workers and residents of the social medical insurance model, together constitute Chinas medical insurance system.(five)
23、compulsory savings medical insurance modelCompulsory savings medical insurance against the law of large numbers in insurance, do not emphasize risk sharing, mutual aid, it forces the society membersof the vertical financing of the family unit in preparation for self responsible spirit for the possib
24、le lifetime risk of disease. National legislation has forced employers and employees to establish personal medical insurance savings accounts, namely individual accounts, with Singapore as a typical case.The compulsory savings medical insurance model lacks social equity, and even does not have the c
25、haracteristics of mutual aid and mutual aid, which is entirely dependent on individual ability and disease risk, which is very unfavorable to low-income groups.The classification of the above five medical insurance systems is very rough.4. what principles should social security management follow: P3
26、57-359General principles of social security management:(1) service paramountcy principleSocial security management involves the basic livelihood problems of thousands of people. People who enjoy social security are usually vulnerable groups. Therefore, the social security managementshould be in acco
27、rdance with the spirit of people-oriented, the interests of social security objects in the first place. Social security management departments are required to ensure social security benefits of beneficiaries of social security.(two) principle of openness, impartiality and efficiencyThe operation of
28、the social security system should be transparent, and the social security managementmust follow the principle of openness, impartiality and efficiency.First of all, social security managementinstitutions and their responsibilities should be opened by means of social members familiar with the way, in
29、 order to allow the public to accept the necessary social security policy information.Secondly, the managementinstitution is not only a responsible person in the operation of social security, but also a defender of the impartiality of the social security system and an impartial attitude towards soci
30、al security disputes.Thirdly, we must pay attention to efficiency in the administration of social security. This is because: the social security treatment is related to the basic life of the people,the ownership of social security fund belongs to all.(three) principle of territorial managementIn fac
31、t it is through social security on the region to set implementation mechanism to complete project implementation tasks, therefore, the social security affairs are usually unified national laws and regulations, by the regional organization and the social security management institutions in various re
32、gions responsible for managementand supervision.(four) the principle of coordination with related systemsSocial security is an independent operating system, but it has an inseparable connection with other social systems and economic systems. Coordinate with other systems in operation.In the social s
33、ecurity management system,Different management institutions also need to maintain a certain degree of cooperation on the basis of clear responsibilities, division of labor and responsibility.5. What are the functions of rural social security in China? P325-326Chinas rural social security system has
34、played and continued to play a huge role. Generally speaking, the function of rural social security system is mainly embodied in the following two aspects: (1) economic functionThe income compensation function: refers to the rural social members encountered all kinds of natural and social risk, the
35、state and society through the social security system to provide basic living materials and services, to maintain a certain level of income, in order to protect the basic rights of survival. In the rural social assistance and rural poverty alleviation and development system, the state and society bec
36、ome the main body of the implementation of the system, it can be said that the rural social security system has a significant income compensation function.Ensuring the reproduction function of rural labor forceOn the one hand, the rural social security through the compensation of the income of rural
37、 residents, to maintain a certain level of life to better reproduce, on the other hand, the arrangement of rural social welfare system in education welfare system, guarantee the acceptance of scientific and cultural education of rural residents, improve the overall quality of the rural labor force.(
38、two) social functionThe function of maintaining social justiceFor a long time, Chinas economic and social development has shown remarkable characteristics of urban and rural two yuan, making the development of rural economic and social lags far behind the town, resulting in greater income gap betwee
39、n urban and rural residents. The arrangement of rural social securitysystem, through the distribution and redistribution of national income, which is a part of social wealth transfer from urban to rural areas, to make up for the defects of the market mechanism, narrowing the gap between urban and ru
40、ral areas, is conducive to the realization of social justice.Second, the function of promoting social stabilityOn the one hand, it can guarantee the rural community members to enjoy the basic right to subsistence, and also enable them to share the fruits of economic development and social progress.
41、Only when the rural society is stable and the rural residents live and work in peace and contentment can the enthusiasm and creativity of the rural residents be fully mobilized and the healthy development will be promoted.6. describe the management system of the minimum living security system in chi
42、na. P237-243First, the minimum living security system(1) minimum living security management1 ) the management of the minimum living security object:No income, no ability to work without support, support or alimony, and although the legal dependents, dependents or dependents but without maintenance,
43、support or maintenance ability of city residents. (2) the urban residents who receive monthly pay per capita per capita income are lower than the standard of urban minimumliving standard. (3) the monthly per capita income of laid-off workers is still lower than that of urban minimumliving standards
44、during the reemployment service center. (4) during the period of unemployment insurance, the monthly per capita income of the urban residents is lower than that of the urban minimum living standard.2 ) the management of minimum living security fundThere are two sources of capital for the minimumlivi
45、ng security, that is, financial allocation and social donation. The guarantee funds for the minimum living security are mainly responsible for local finance. The provinces and municipalities mainly adopt the graded burden to solve the problem of raising funds for the minimumliving security funds.3 .
46、) working procedures for minimum living securityThe working procedure mainly has the following steps: 1.Application. Applicants should apply to the subdistrict office and township government of the registered permanent residence. Investigation. Audit and approval. Fourth, issue. Dynamic management.
47、The administrative reconsideration and the administrative litigation.4 .) the management system of minimum living securityThe minimum production guarantee system implements the responsibility system of the local peoples governments at all levels, and implements the management system which is coordin
48、ated by the government leaders, the civil affairs departments and all walks of life. The Civil Affairs Department of the State Council is responsible for the management of the minimum living standard guarantee in the country.(two) calculation method of minimum living standardAt present, the calculat
49、ion methods of the minimum living standard are mainly as follows.1. market basket methodTwoThe Engel coefficient: the Engel coefficient of Shanghai city by using the formula is: the minimum living standard (= basic nutrition food for the consumption of all kinds of food mixed with an average price of x), Engel coefficient = low income residents monthly food expenditures, Engel coefficient3. inco