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1、八大时态语法总结一、时态一般现在时,现在进行时,一般过去时,现在完成时,一般将来时,过去进行 时,过去完成时,过去将来时1. 一般现在时表示一般性,经常性的动作或一般性事实.含有be动词的句子一般肯定句He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Is he a teacher?Is the girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack students?变否认句在be动词后面加notHe is not a teacher.The girl is n
2、ot very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not students.肯定答复及否认答复Yes, he is. No, he is not.Yes, she is. No, she is not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.(2)不含有be动词的句子,即含有一般动词的句子A、第三人称he she it单数及单数名词apple apples(复数名词=they)一般肯定句He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.变疑问句在句首加does,动词变为原型Does he like bo
3、oks?Does she like him?Does the dog like bones?变否认句在主语及动词之间加doesnt,动词变为原型,原 句中的动词不再有第三人称变化.He doesnt like books.She doesnt like him.The dog doesnt like bones.肯定答复及否认答复：Yes, he does. No, he doesnt.Yes, she does. No, she doesntYes, it does. No, it doesnt.注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S,不要和名词 复数混淆,变否认句或疑问句时名词复数没有任
4、何变化.B、其他人称及复数名词一般肯定句I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The students like smart teachers.变疑问句在句首加doDo you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?变否认句在主语和动词之间加dont.You dont want to have a bath.We dont have any meat.The students dont like smart teachers.肯定答复及否认
5、答复Yes, I do. No, I dont.Yes, we do. No, we dontYes, they do. No, they dont.2.现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作.构成：主语+be动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分现在 分词的构成见附录 一般肯定句We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?I
6、s the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming across the river?变否认句在be动词后面加notWe are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.特殊疑问句：what, which, how, where, who, etc.疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词What are you doing?What i s she do i ng
7、?What is the dog doing?必背没有进行时的动词表示状态,思想,感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作1. 表示感觉,感官的词see, hear, like, love, want,2. have, has当“拥有讲时候没有进行时3. 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago,(1) 含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,am, is的过去式为was, are的过去式为were一般肯定句I was at the butchers.Yo
8、u were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.变疑问句将be动词移动到句首Were you at the butchers?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?变否认句在be动词后面加notI was not at the butchers.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten
9、 years ago.肯定答复否认答复Yes, I was. No, I was not.Yes, you were. No, you were not.Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.特殊疑问句：What did you do?(必背)(2) 不含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,动词过去式构成见附录一般肯定句I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.变疑问句在句首加did,动词变为
10、原型Did you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?变否认句在主语和动词之间加did notI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.肯定答复及否认答复Yes, I did. No, I didnt.Yes
11、, he did. No, he didnt.Yes, they did. No, they did not.4. 现在完成时构成：主语+助动词have, has+过去分词A、用法：(1) 表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作,常和just, usually, already, since等时间副词连用I have just had lunch.(饱了,不用再吃了)He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了,不用再喝)They have already had their holiday.(不能再度假了)The boy has already read the book.(已经知
12、道书的内容了,不用再看了)(2) 询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?(3) 表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.(4) 表示一种经历,经验：去过地方,做过事情,经历过事情I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I hav
13、e never been to cinema.I have ever been to Paris.Have been to 表示去过,have gone to 表示去了I have been to London.人已经回来He has gone to London.人还在那里5表示一种结果,一般不和时间副词联用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.B、句型变化：变疑问句将助动词移到句首,变否认句在助动词后面加not.e.g. Have you lost your
14、 pen? I have not lost my pen.肯定答复及否认答复Yes, I have. No, I have not.特殊疑问句：What have you done?What has he done?一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：但凡有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时 注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点,不能再延续,因此不能和表 示一段时间状语连用错：Ive left Beijing for 3 days.对：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.5. 一般将来时表示将来将要发生
15、的动作,经常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours, time, etc.表示将来的词联用结构：主语+助动词will+动词原形一般肯定句I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.变疑问句将助动词移到句首Will you go to Americ
16、a tomorrow?Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?变否认句在助动词后面加notI will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning肯定答复及否认答复Yes, I will. No,
17、I will not.Yes, he/she will. No, he/she will not.Yes, he will. No, he will not.特殊疑问句：What will you do?6. 过去完成时：用法：在过去的时间里,两个动作中,发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时.结构：had+过去分词一般肯定句After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.They had sold the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I arrived a
18、t the station.After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号,如果放在主句后那么不用加.变疑问句将助动词移到句首Had she finished her homework?变否认句在助动词后面加notShe hadnt finished her homework.肯定答复及否认答复Yes, she had. No, she hadnt.特殊疑问句：What had she done?7. 过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作,经常用在when, while, as引导的状语从 句中.结构：was/were+doingWhen my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.While we were having dinner, my father was watching TV.8过去将来时结构：would doShe said she would go here the next morning.