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1、Insufflator,Insufflator,The electronic CO2 insufflator is used to achieve the necessary work space by distending the abdominal wall and depressing the hollow organs Because its automatic, the insufflating pressure can be preset The insufflator activates gas flow volumes can be set to values ranging
2、from 0-9.9 l/mm The important indicators of insufflators : preset pressure, actual pressure, flow rate and total gas used Quadromanometric parameters,Electrocautery,Electrocautery,this machine supports monopolar & bipolar cautery Also APC (argon plasma coagulator),Light source,Light source,The light
3、 source such as 250 watt halogen lamp has a condenser system But, the Xenon lamp (cold light source) gives better visual clarity The light intensity can be regulated manually or automatically High intensity Xenon lamp gives better visual and photographic clarity,Camera,Camera,2 types: single chip ,
4、3 chip High resolution, small & light weight, optimal sharpness, excellent color reproduction Single chip used for routine lap surgeries But for video reproduction, 3 chip is better Now, digital 3 chip cameras are also available,Harmonic scalpel,Harmonic scalpel,Harmonic probe,Harmonic scalpel,The b
5、asic mechanism is by tamponading & coapting with a denatured protein coagulum Mechanical energy at 55,500 vibrations/sec Disrupts hydrogen bonds & forms a coagulum Temperature created is only 80-100 C, compared to electrocautery 200-300 C which also causes collateral damage & tissue necrosis No char
6、ring or melting of tissues The fastest sealing instrument,Ligasure,Ligasure,Vessel sealing system Unique combination of pressure & energy to create vessel fusion by melting the collagen & elastin in the walls reforming into a permanent, plastic like seal This seal can withstand 3 times normal systol
7、ic blood pressure Least lateral thermal damage 1mm The slowest sealing instrument,Enseal,Enseal,Adjusts energy through each tissue bundle This electrode consists of millions of nanometer sized conductive particles embedded in a temperature-sensitive material Each of these particles acts like a discr
8、ete thermostatic switch to regulate the amount of current The vessel walls are fused through compression, protein denaturation & then renaturation,Sterrad,Sterrad,Uses hydrogen peroxide vapor & low temperature gas plasma to sterilize most devices quickly with no toxic residues Takes about 75 mins fo
9、r wrapped & dry instruments Radio frequency energy is applied to the chamber via an RF amplifier, inducing the plasma state Reactive species are generated from the hydrogen peroxide reacting with materials Upon completion of sterilization, instruments are dry for immaediate use or sterile storage,Ci
10、dex tray,Harmonic Ace,Bowel holding Forceps,manipulating bowel during diagnostic lap transmediastinal endodissection during transhiatal esophagectomy,Bowel holding curved Forceps,Maryland dissector,basic instrument for dissection Calots dissection, isolation of vascular pedicles, hernia dissection,B
11、lunt Grasper,used during dissection with Maryland usually left hand instrument during suturing,Toothed Grasper,for retracting gallbladder, extraction of gallbladder,Toothed Grasper,holding thick, edematous gallbladders removal of foreign bodies,Babcock,retraction of large bowel in anterior resection
12、, colectomies, rectopexy, stomach retraction in Hellers myotomy, fundoplication, sleeve gastrectomy,Right angle Forceps,dissecting Calots , vascular pedicles,Biopsy Forceps,for metastatic deposit collection, liver biopsies, stone retrieval,Clip applicator,occlusion of cystic artery & duct occlusion
13、of veins during anterior resection 2 sizes : 5 & 10 mm 2 types : titanium & absorbable,Hook,2 shapes: J & L for peritoneal dissection of Calots removal of GB from liver bed,Suction coagulator,can be used as both suction & monopolar cautery cautery can be used for drilling through distended GB, ovari
14、an cysts,Palpation probe,can be used for retracting liver lobes,Trocars,pathway to the abdomen blunt & sharp tips sizes : 3, 5, 10 mm,Reducers,used to reduce size of trocars from 10 to 5 mm used to remove gauzes from abdomen types : tube & clip,Telescope,invented by British physicist Hopkins in 1952
15、 rod lens system sizes : 0.8 to 14 mm diameter viewing : forward 0, angled 30 & 45,Ligaclip,used to clip large vessels preloaded clips,Endoshears,used to cut, coagulate as monopolar very useful in hernia dissection,Optical trocar,has a clear shaft & conical tip telescope can be inserted into the tro
16、car & pushed through abdominal layers under visual guidance used when expecting adhesions,Suture passer,used for port closure suture carried through instrument & passed through the wound for closure,Punction needle,Modified Sugarbakers cardiomyotomy scissors,used for cardiomyotomy for achalasia cardia,Loop passer,extracorporeal knot placed through this passer used for tying base of appendix,Abdominal specula,used for dilating the port site to extract GB extract small lesions, foreign bodies, gauze,Uterine manipulator,Liver retractor,