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1、名词的数及所有格名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念名称的词。它分为普通名词和专有名词，普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。一、可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。表示一个人或物用单数形式；表示两个或两个以上的人或物用复数形式。（1）名词复数的规则变化 一般情况 在词尾加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/; map-maps lake-lakes book-books2.浊辅音和元音后 bag-bags 读 /z/; car-cars.ruler-rulers pen-pens以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词变复数时在词后加-es 读 /iz/ bus-buses watch-watches注：(以ce,se,
2、ze,(d)ge等结尾的词 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses)以辅音字母+y 结尾的词变y 为i再加-es 读 /z/ baby-babies family-familes 注：boy -boys toy- toys以f 或fe结尾的名词的复数形式多数是变f 或fe为v，再加-es。读/z/如：leaf-leaves thief-thieves wife- wives knife-knives但是：roof -roofs gulf -gulfs以o结尾的名词，有生命的变复数时再加-es 读 /z/如：Negro-Negroes 黑人 hero-heroes 英雄 tom
3、ato -tomatoes西红柿 potato-potatoes 马铃蓍 （口诀：黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃蓍）无生命的变复数时加-s 读 /z/ 如：photo -photos radio -radios （2） 名词复数的不规则变化 ：改变单数名词中的元音字母，或其他形式。如 child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth goose -geese mouse-mice man-men woman-women 国人变复数：中日不变，英法变，其它加-sOne Chinese - two Chinese one Japanese -two JapaneseAn Engli
4、shman - three Englishmen a Frenchman - two FrenchmenAn American - two Americans a German - two Germans,此外Russian, African, Asian, Australian, Canadian, Italian, European等变复数时都是直接在词尾加-s.复合名词的复数形式.i. 名词加名词构成的复合名词,将第二个名词变为复数.如apple tree apple trees shoe shop shoe shops letter box-letter-boxesgirl stude
5、nt girl students boy student boy-students注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，变复数时要把这两个词都变成复数. man teacher men teachers woman doctor women doctorsii.sport 和其他名词构成词组时,习惯上用复数形式sports.如: a sports hat sports news sports shoes特别的复数形式i.单复同形 如： deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese li，jin，yuan，two li，three mao，four jin 但除人民币
6、元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two metersii.集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。 如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。 如： The Chinese ar
7、e industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。iii.以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。 The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-boo
8、k. 是一本非常有趣的故事书。iv.表示由两部分构成的东西，只用复数形式如：glasses (眼镜) trousers裤子 clothes衣服 gloves 手套 stockings 长筒袜 若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousersv.另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼 二、不可数名词的数不可数名词一般没有复数形式，它包括抽象名词，物质名词。如：health advice milk water English m
9、oney news weather homeworkair information rice traffic luck paper trouble等词常用作不可数名词，因此没有复数形式，其谓语动词须用单数形式。注意：当water 意为“海水，江水”，paper 意为“报纸，试卷”时可有复数形式。特别提示：不可数名词还可以量化，但须用表示量化单位的词来修饰。如：a piece of news / paper / work / bread / meata bottle of milk / water three bowls of rice ten cups of tea名词的格 1.表示有生命的名
10、词的名词所有格（1）一般在词尾加“s”如my mothers birthday Jims pen(2) 以s 结尾的名词所有格，一般只在名词右上加“”。如the teachers office the workers club boys 100-meter race(3)如果两个人共同拥有一样东西，刚只在最后一个名词后加上“s”；如果是名自拥有，两个名词后面都要加上“s”。如：lily and lucys room(共同拥有)Lilys and lucys rooms (各自拥有)特别提示： 若名词所有格后所修饰的词表示“家，店铺，办公室”等地点名词，地点名词通常可以省略。如：at Mr. W
11、hites 在怀特先生家At the doctors 在诊所在 at the tailors 在裁缝店2表示无生命的名词的所有格（1）通常采用“of+名词”结构来表示无生命东西的名词所有关系，放在被修饰名词的后面。如 the door of the house the cover of the bookThe gate of the school the name of the film(2) 有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词，也可以加上“s”来构成所有格。复数名词如果以s结尾，在s 的在上角加“”即可。如： todays newspaper ten hours w
12、ork(3) 有几种情况用to 来表达所有格The key to the door 门口的钥匙 the answer to the question问题的答案 the ticket to the concert 音乐会的门票3双重所有格双重所有格是将of所有格和“s”所有格结合在一起表示所有关系。如： A friend of my sisters is coming tonight.今晚我姐姐的一个朋友要来Two sons of my brothers are students 我哥哥的两个儿子是学生。注意：a photo of Kates 凯特的一张相片（照片有很多张，这只是其中一张，照片上
13、拍的人不一定是凯特）a photo of Kate 一张凯特的照片（照片上拍的人是凯特）三、专有名词专用名词是表示具体的人、事物、地点或机构等专有名称的词汇。专有名词的第一个字母要大写，专用名词前一般不用冠词，但由普通名词构成的专有名词除外。如：Sunday New York England West lake the Great Wall1、I want three white paper. A、pieces B、piece of C、pieces of2、Do you want to drink much ? A、a milk B、milk C、milks3、This is room. I
14、ts very big. A、Lily and LucysB、Lilys and Lucys C、Lilys and Lucy 4、We visited house yesterday. A、Tom B、Toms C、Toms5、Do you want some for supper? A、a potato B、potatoes C、potatos6、In autumn，you can see a lot of on the ground. A、leaf B、leafs C、leaves7、My sister has two . One is old，the other is new. A、a
15、 watch B、watchs C、watches8、Best wishes to you for Day! A、Teachers B、Teachers C、Teacher9、Many children like to go to the Palace on Sunday. A、Children B、Childrens C、Childrens10、They come from Japan.Theyre . A、JapaneseB. Japaneses C. Japans11. they come from different A.country B. countries C. a countr
16、y D.countrys12. How many do you see in the picture?A. tomatos B.tomatoes C. tomato D.the tomato13. They are .A.woman teachers B.women teachers C.woman teacher D. woman teacher14. Would you like ,please?A.two glass of water B. two glasses of waterC. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters15.Most
17、 of live in .AGermans, German B. German, GermenC. Germen, Germany D. Germans, Germany16. There are some in these .A.knifes , pencil boxes B. knives, pencils-boxC. knives, pencil box D. knives, pencils-boxes17.People in America eat much .A. coffee B. onions C.beef D.iced water18. To keep healthy, we
18、should eat more vegetables and less .A.meat B. food C. wine D. drink19. Can you imagine what life will be like in time?A.20 years B. 20 years C. 2-years D. 20-years20. What kind of do you like? I like comediesA. books B. sports C. movies D. music21. Whats your favorite Chinese traditional festival?I
19、ts .A. April Fools Day B. Fathers Day C. Christmas Day D. Spring Festival22. In Britain are all painted red.A. letter boxes B. letters boxes C. letter box D. letters box23. I have read sports news about the F1 race today.A. two B. pieces C. two piece D two pieces of24. Where are the bags?A. children
20、s B. childrens C. children of D. of children25. The room is .A.Lily and lucy B. Lily and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucys D. Lilys and lucy26. I sit between Lily and Lucy, that is to say my seat is between A.Lily and lucy B. Lily and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucys D. Lilys and lucy27. I know two on your basketbal
21、l game.A. woman player B. woman players C. women players D. women player28. Where is the key the door?A. of B. on C. to D. in 29. A student of is coming to see meA. me B. my C. mine D. I 30. A person has two .A. foot B. foots C. feet D. feets2. 填入所给名词的正确形式.1. I have two (knife)2. There are many (box
22、) here.3. There are many on the road.4. A few (boy) are drawing on the wall.5. The (child )are playing football now.6. Can you help me buy some (tomato)?7. Would you like to feed the (deer)? They are lovely.8. The (man doctor) try their best to save the girl.9. (Today) newspaper is very useful.10. A
23、 lot of (toy) are useful for children.11. One of our (student) has long hair.12. Any of your (idea) would be welcome.13. I have read one of Lu Xuns (book)14. Could you give me some (toothbrush)15. The little girl has 4 (tooth)16. There are more than fifty (piano) in Laibin.17. Do you know the two (C
24、anada) 18. (leaf) of the trees begin to turn yellow in autumn.19. I have a lot of (homework) to do.20. Can you give me some (advice) on learning English?一般现在时定义:一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。一般现在时的结构:1. be 动词所构成的句子肯定句: I +am+其它 Youwe they+ are + 其它 He she it + is +其它否定句: I +am + not +其它 Youwe t
25、hey+ are +not+ 其它 He she it + is+not +其它一般疑问句: are +youwethey+其它? Yes, I am. No, I am not. Is +hesheit +其它? Yes, he is. No, he isnt.特殊疑问句: 疑问词+ be( areisam) + 主语+其它2. there be 句型结构:肯定句:there is + 单数名词不可数名词there are + 可数名词的复数否定句: there isare +not +其它一般疑问句: is are + there + 其它? Yes, there is are. No,
26、there isnt arent.特殊疑问句: 疑问词+is are + there + 其它?3. 情态动词的句子:肯定句: 主语+canmaymust+其它(情态动词无人称上的变化)如:I can swim. She can swim. They can swim. We can swim.否定句: 主语+canmaymust + not +其它(cant = can not)I cant swim.一般疑问句: can may must+ 主语+ 萁它?Can you swim? Yes, I can. No, I cant.特殊疑问句: 疑问词+ can may must+ 主语+ 萁
27、它?What can you do? 4. 谓语动词是行为动词的句子:(1) 当主语是第一人称(I we),第二人称(you),第三人称复数(they)时肯定句:I we you they +行为动词的原形+其它.如: I we youthey like apples.否定句: I we you they + dont +行为动词的原形+其它.I we you they dont like apples.一般疑问句: Do + I we you they +行为动词的原形+其它?Do I we you they like apples? Yes, I do. No, I dont.特殊疑问句:
28、 疑问词+ do + Iweyou they+行为动词的原形+其它?What do you like?(2) 当主语是第三人称单数时(he she it) 时肯定句: He she it +行为动词的三单形式+其它.He likes apples.否定句: he sheit +does not (doesnt) +行为动词的原形+其它He doesnt like apples.一般疑问句: Does + he sheit+行为动词的原形+其它?Does he like apples? Yes, he does. No, he doesnt.特殊疑问句: 疑问词+ does +hesheit+行
29、为动词的原形+其它?What does he like?注意:行为动词的三单变化规律:多数动词直接在动词后+s 如: play- plays like-likes ask-asks以字母s, x, sh, ch, o 结尾的动词,在词尾加-es如: watchwatches wish- wishes do- does go- goes pass-passes以辅音字母+y 结尾的词变y 为i再加-estry-tries study-studies fly- flies carry-carries不规则变化: be- is are have- has读音规则:在t p k 等清辅音后读s; 在s
30、,z等后读IZ在浊辅音及元音后读z.一般现在时的用法： 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 通常与every, sometimes, usually , often, once(twice,three times) a week , on Sundays等时间状语连用.I leave home for school at 7 every morning.Sometimes,he plays baskateball with his father.She usually goes to school at 7:00.We often visit that old teach
31、er on Sundays.2) 表示客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。No man but errs注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I dont want so much.Ann Wang writes good E
32、nglish but does not speak well.比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。但有些同学们对于哪些主语是第三人称单数还
33、不十分清楚，现归纳总结如下： 一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如： He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。 It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。 二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。如： Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。 Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。 Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。三、单数可数名词或this / that / the
34、+单数可数名词作主语时，是第三人称单数。如： A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。 The cat is Lucys. 这只猫是露茜的。四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时，是第三人称单数。如： Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。 There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛
35、病。 This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。 That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦。五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如： The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 The bread is very small. 那面包很小。 六、当数字或字母作主语时，看作第三人称单数。如： 6 is a lucky number. 6是个吉利数字。 I is a letter. I是个字母。 巩固练习题： I.写出下列动词的第三人称单数：wash_match_guess_study_finish_ go_snow_carry_stop_see_driv
36、e_let_carry_ keep_ join_ find_ think_ teach_ catch_ stay_ begin_ forget_ lie_die _ run_ prefer_ give_ ring_ dance_ hope_II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空：Be动词专项1. How you? I fime.2. I Hillary, and my family name Wei.3. What color your book? It white.4. What this in English?5. Lily my sister, Lucy my sister, too. The
37、y my sisters.6. These apples trees.7. We good students you a good teacher.8. Tom and Lily twins.9. Five and three eight.10 your ID card number 4052666666666666?综合动词专项1. He often (have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy (be) in Class One.3. We (not watch) TV on Mondays.4. Nick (not go) to the zoo on
38、 Sunday.5. They (like) the World Cup.6. What they (do) on Saturday?7. Your parents (read) newspaper every day.8. The girl (teach) us English on Sunday.9. She and I (take) a walk together every morning.10. There (be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike (like) cooking.12. They (have) the same bobbies.13
39、. My aunt (look) after her baby carefully.14. You always (do) your homework well.15. She (not do) her homework on weekends.16. She (go) to school from Monday to Friday.17I _(write) to you as soon as I _(get) to London. 18. He doeant feel well and _(not eat) any food thismorning. 19. He _ not _(see)
40、me come in, for he _(read) something with great interest. 20. I _(let) you have the book as soon as I _(finish) it. 21. While we _(wait) for our teacher, a little boy _(run) up to us. 22. Dont make a niose. Grandpa _(sleep).23.Its seven now, Toms family_(watch) TV. 24. It _(take) me two hours to fin
41、ish my homework last night.25. What _ your mother _(do) at eight yesterday evening? She _(wash) clothes.26. _ it _ (rain) when school was over yesterday? 27. What _(do) _ tomorrow? We _ (play) football. 28. There _ (be) a football match on TV this evening. 29. They said they _ (visit) the Great Wall the next summer holiday. 30. Who _ (dance) the best in your class? 31. Will you come if he _ (not co