ANSYS三杆桁架的优化设计.doc

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1、many other precious cold water fish. Mineral resources, has proved many of the gold ore body, high grade, large reserves, reserves of more than 170 million tons of lignite, iron, vanadium and titanium magnetite reserves proven 6 million cubic meters, 40 million tons of quartz sand deposit reserves,

2、the rare. ) From the short plate, Woods continued industry weak, support is not strong, especially inadequate for processing, there are no resources to make good products, marketing is not enough, there are no good products sell for a good price. Livelihood weakness, my district is located in the bo

3、rder area, the climate is cold, for many years of the masses of workers have a hard life, and complete the building of forest societys weaknesses are mainly concentrated in the area of peoples livelihood, especially in terms of poverty, the task is still very arduous. From the perspective of short-t

4、erm capital, district financial situation at present tense, some financial debts to repay, is basically living money, no money for development, transformation where did the money come from still outstanding. From the perspective of talent short Board, my talent shortage, low overall quality, irratio

5、nal structure, weak overseas talents into local serious brain-drain, especially high-end talents badly, has become the development of controlKey issues. If these short Board neither avoid nor overcome, not padded, transformation and development cannot be achieved in forest areas. Second, think calml

6、y, calmly. A local economic development, strengths and weaknesses are dynamic and reciprocal transformation, there is no absolute advantages and disadvantages, advantages and disadvantages of nothing, as the time, place, and changes in external conditions, advantages could become disadvantages, disa

7、dvantages may also be to your advantage. For example, my good ecological environment, land development later, is the nations most dare ring of green and organic food, but these years are basically kind of traditional crops such as soybean, wheat, especially the heavy use of chemical fertilizers and

8、pesticides, the ecological advantages of agricultural development are being degraded. For example, ice and snow were our weaknesses, sought after now, with visitors to the snow and ice in the South, but the development of eco-tourism of gold and silver. For example, our region is located in the bord

9、er area, has been our weakness today as the country along the way, and long Jiang Silk Road building farther forward, but is expected to be opened to the Russian frontier. (From XXs situation, while our railways, ports and other projects has not fought for, but with the Mongolia-Russia economic corr

10、idors 65 policy and steady growth benefits of further releases, provide opportunities for our projects, paving projects in the early County, in the Thirteen-Five period will very likely get a specific implementation). Practice has proved that adversity is short or long 有限元技术基础考试题目：下图所示为一个有3根杆组成的桁架，承

11、受纵向和横向载荷，杆件的横截面面积和基本尺寸B在指定范围内变化，要求桁架的每根杆件承受的最大应力小于（800+学号最后两位数）MPa，试对该结构进行优化设计，使得桁架重量最少。弹性模量E=220GPa；泊松比：0.3；密度=7800kg/m3材料最大许用应力：=890MPa横截面面积变化范围：0.0110cm2（初始值为10）基本尺寸B变化范围：12m（初始值为2）要求：写出操作步骤和命令流，定义工作文件名和工作标题为你的姓名拼音。GUI操作方式：(1) 定义工作文件名和工作标题： 1) 定义工作文件名：Utility Menu- File-Change Jobname,输入文件名“litao

12、”,单击“OK”。2) 定义工作标题：Utility Menu- File-Change Title,输入工作标题“litao”,单击“”。(2) 定义参数和材料属性：） 定义参数初始值：Utility Menu-Parameters-Scaler Parameters, 分别在“Selection”下面的输入栏中输入：B=2，A1=0.001，A2=0.001，A3=0.001。”所得结果如图所示，单击”close”。 ） 设置材料属性：Main Menu-Preprocessor-Material Props-Material Models,设置材料属性“EX=2.2e11,PRXY=0.

13、3”设置单元密度为“DENS=7800”，单击“OK”,设置如图所示，完成对材料属性的设置。 (3) 定义单元类型及属性1) 定义单元类型：Main Menu-Preprocessor-Element Type-Add/Edit/Delete,在“Library of Element Type”左面的列表栏选择Structural Link”,右边的为“2D spar 1”如图所示，完成单元类型设置。2) 定义实常数：Main Menu-Preprocessor-Real Constants-Add/Edit/Delete,在“Cross-sectional areas”后面的输入栏依次输入A

14、1，A2，A3.单击close结束实数的设置。 (4) 建立有限元模型1) 生成有限元节点：Main Menu-Preprocessor-Modeling Creat-Keypoints-In Active CS,生成如下节点。节点号X坐标Y坐标Z坐标1-B0020003B0040-202) 关闭坐标系符号显示，并且打开节点编号显示。3) 生成第一个单元：Main Menu-Preprocessor-Modeling Creat-Elements-Auto Number-Thru Nodes,在图形屏幕上拾取编号为“1”和“4”的节点，单击“OK”。4) 改变第二单元的属性：Main Menu

15、-Preprocessor-Modeling Creat-Elements-Elem Attributes,在实常数设置后面选择“2”，单击“OK”。 5) 生成第二单元：Main Menu-Preprocessor-Modeling Creat-Elements-Auto Number-Thru Nodes, 在图形屏幕上拾取编号为“2”和“4”的节点，单击“OK”。6) 改变第三单元的属性：Main Menu-Preprocessor-Modeling Creat-Elements-Elem Attributes,在实常数设置后面选择“3”，单击“OK”。7) 生成第三单元：Main Me

16、nu-Preprocessor-Modeling Creat-Elements-Auto Number-Thru Nodes, 在图形屏幕上拾取编号为“3”和“4”的节点，单击“OK”。生成结果如图所示。 (5) 施加约束和载荷1) 施加边界约束：Main Menu -Solution- Apply -Displancement-On Node,在图形屏幕上拾取编号为“1,2,3”的节点，单击“OK”。在“DOFs to be constrained”后选择“All DOF”,单击“OK”，。 2) 施加集中载荷：Main Menu-Solution- Load-Apply-Strutural

17、-Force/Moment-On Node，在图形屏幕上拾取编号“4”的节点，单击“OK”，选择“FX”输入“2e4”,单击“Apply”；选择“FY”输入“-2e4”，单击“OK”，完成集中载荷的施加，得到结果如图所示。 3) 保存数据：单击工具栏上的“Save_DB”.4) 求解运算：Main Menu-Solution-Solve-Current LS,File-close，ok。出现信息警告窗口，求解结束。5) 保存优化结果到文件：Utility Menu-File-Save as,在弹出的对话框中输入“truss_resu.db”,单击 “OK”。(6) 进入后处理，得到状态变量和目

18、标函数的值1) 定义单元表：Main Menu-General Postproc-Element Table-Define Table,在“User Lable for item”后面输入栏中输入“EVOLUME”，并选择“Geometry”和“Elem Volume VOLU”,单击“OK”，又单击“Close”。2) 计算单元体积总和：Main Menu-General Postproc-Element Tabe-Sum of Each Item,显示一个信息窗口，在窗口中显示体积为：“0.765685E-02”。单击“File-Close”，关闭信息窗口。 3) 取出体积值：Main M

19、enu-Parmeters-Get Scalar Data,在第一栏中选择“Results Data”,在第二栏中选择“Elem Tabe Sums”,单击“OK”，并定义参数名为“VTOT”，单击“OK”关闭该对话框。4) 计算初始质量：Utility Menu- Parmeters- Scalar Parameters,定义“DENS=7800,WT=DENS*VTOT”按“Accept”键；总重量的计算结果为：WT= 59.7234631，并显示在图中，单击“Close”,关闭对话框。 5) 设置单元表：Main Menu-General Postproc-Element Table-D

20、efine Table,在“User Lable for item”后面输入栏中输入“SIGMA”，并选择“By Sequence Num”和“LS”,后面输入数字“1”单击“OK”，又单击“Close”，关闭对话框。6) 得到第一杆的轴向应力：Utility Menu-Parameters-Get Scalar Data,在第一栏中选择“Results Data”,在第二栏中选择“Elem Tabe Data”,单击“OK”，并定义参数名为“sig1”，在“Element number N”后输入数字“1”，在“Elem Table Data to be Retrieved”后面选择栏中选择

21、“SIGMA”，单击“Apply”，则关闭对话框，又打开“Get Scalar Data”对话框。7) 得到第二杆的轴向应力：Utility Menu-Parameters-Get Scalar Data,在第一栏中选择“Results Data”,在第二栏中选择“Elem Tabe Data”,单击“OK”，并定义参数名为“sig2”，在“Element number N”后输入数字“2”，在“Elem Table Data to be Retrieved”后面选择栏中选择“SIGMA”，单击“Apply”，则关闭对话框，又弹出“Get Scalar Data”对话框。8) 得到第三杆的轴向

22、应力：Utility Menu-Parameters-Get Scalar Data,在第一栏中选择“Results Data”,在第二栏中选择“Elem Tabe Data”,单击“OK”，并定义参数名为“sig3”，在“Element number N”后输入数字“3”，在“Elem Table Data to be Retrieved”后面选择栏中选择“SIGMA”，单击“Apply”，则关闭对话框。9) 计算轴向应力的绝对值：Utility Menu-Parameters-Scalar Parameters,定义“sig1=abs(sig1), sig2=abs(sig2), sig3

23、=abs(sig3)”,单击“close”,关闭对话框。 (7) 显示杆当前设计并生成分析文件1) 显示杆的当前设计：Utility Menu-Poltctrls-Style-Size and Shap,在尺寸和形状对话框设置如图所示，单击“OK”。2) 将试图方向改为“ISO”，得到结果如图所示。3) 生成优化分析文件：Utility Menu-File-Write DB Log File,输入分析文件名为“Trus_Opt”,单击“OK”。(8) 进入优化处理器并指定分析文件1) 指定分析文件：Main Menu-Design Opt-Assign,指定文件名为“Trus_Opt.lgw”

24、,单击“OK” 。2) 指定设计变量：Main Menu-Design Opt-Design Variables, 在“Parameter Name”中选择A1，然后在其下面的输入栏中分别输入0.01e-4和0.001，重复上述过程A2，0.01e-4和0.001，A3，0.01e-4和0.001，B，1和2,完成对设计变量的设置。 3) 设置状态变量：Main Menu-Design Opt-Data Variables,状态变量“sig1，sig2,sig3”的MAX均为855E6，单击“OK”，完成对状态变量的设置。 4) 保存优化数据库：Main Menu-Design Opt-Opt

25、 Database-Save,保存文件名为“Trus_var.opt”,单击“OK”。5) 设置目标函数：Main Menu-Design Opt-Objective,选择“WT”，并在“Convergence Tolerance”后面输入“1”，单击“OK”。 6) 指定一阶优化方法：Main Menu-Design Opt-Method/Tool，选择“First-order”，并在“Maximum iteration”后面输入“15”，单击“OK”。7) 保存数据：单击“Save_DB”。8) 运行优化：Main Menu-Design Opt-Run。9) 保存优化结果到文件：Util

26、ity Menu-File-Save as,输入文件名为“Truss_Opt_resu.db”,单击“OK”。(9) 查看优化结果1) 查看最佳设计序列：Main Menu-Design Opt-Design Set-list，选择“BEST Set”，单击“OK”。2) 查看所有设计序列：Main Menu-Design Opt-Design Set-list，选择“ALL Sets”，单击“OK”。3) 显示目标函数的变化规律设置坐标轴标题：X坐标轴的标题设为“Interation Number”,Y坐标轴的标题设为“Structural Weight”,单击“OK”。显示目标函数的变化规

27、律：在“Y-Variable params”选择“WT”，单击“OK”。显示结果如图所示： 4) 显示尺寸B的变化规律设置坐标轴标题：Y坐标轴的标题设为“Base Dimension”,单击“OK”。显示基本尺寸的变化规律：在“Y-Variable params”选择“B”，单击“OK”。显示结果如图所示：5) 显示面积的变化规律设置坐标轴标题：Y坐标轴的标题设为“Cross_Sectional Area”,单击“OK”。显示横截面积变化规律：在“Y-Variable params”选择“A1,A2，A3”，单击“OK”。显示结果如图所示： 6) 显示杆中应力变化规律设置坐标轴标题：Y坐标轴的

28、标题设为“Maximum Stress”,单击“OK”。显示杆中应力变化规律: 在“Y-Variable params”选择“SIG1, SIG 2，SIG 3”，单击“OK”。显示结果如图所示：(10)退出ANSYS。Quit-No Save!单机“OK”，结束ANSYS运行。命令流操作方式：/BATCH /TITLE,xiong_kun*SET,B,2*SET,A1,0.001 *SET,A2,0.001 *SET,A3,0.001 /PREP7 !* MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,EX,1,2.2e11 MPDATA,PRXY,1,0.3 MPTEMP, MPTEM

29、P,1,0 MPDATA,DENS,1,7800 !* ET,1,LINK1 !* R,1,A1, , !* R,2,A2, , !* R,3,A3, , !* N,1,-B,0,0, N,2,0,0,0, N,3,B,0,0, N,4,0,-2,0, /PLOPTS,INFO,3 /PLOPTS,LEG1,1 /PLOPTS,LEG2,1 /PLOPTS,LEG3,1 /PLOPTS,FRAME,1 /PLOPTS,TITLE,1 /PLOPTS,MINM,1 /PLOPTS,FILE,0 /PLOPTS,LOGO,1 /PLOPTS,WINS,1 /PLOPTS,WP,0/PLOPTS,D

30、ATE,2 /TRIAD,OFF /REPLOT !* /PNUM,KP,0 /PNUM,LINE,0/PNUM,AREA,0/PNUM,VOLU,0/PNUM,NODE,1/PNUM,TABN,0/PNUM,SVAL,0/NUMBER,0 !* /PNUM,ELEM,0/REPLOT !* FLST,2,2,1 FITEM,2,1 FITEM,2,4 E,P51X TYPE, 1 MAT, 1REAL, 2 ESYS, 0 SECNUM, TSHAP,LINE !* FLST,2,2,1 FITEM,2,2 FITEM,2,4 E,P51X TYPE, 1 MAT, 1REAL, 3 ESY

31、S, 0 SECNUM, TSHAP,LINE !* FLST,2,2,1 FITEM,2,3 FITEM,2,4 E,P51X FINISH /SOLFLST,2,3,1,ORDE,2 FITEM,2,1 FITEM,2,-3 !* /GO D,P51X, , , , , ,ALL, , , , , FLST,2,1,1,ORDE,1 FITEM,2,4 !* /GO F,P51X,FX,2e4 FLST,2,1,1,ORDE,1 FITEM,2,4 !* /GO F,P51X,FY,-2e4 SAVE/STATUS,SOLUSOLVE SAVE,truss_resu,db,D:Xk FIN

32、ISH /POST1 AVPRIN,0, , ETABLE,EVOLUME,VOLU,!* SSUM!* *GET,VTOT,SSUM, ,ITEM,EVOLUME *SET,DENS,7800 *SET,WT,DENS*VTOT AVPRIN,0, , ETABLE,SIGMA,LS, 1 !* !* *GET,sig1,ELEM,1,ETAB,SIGMA !* !* *GET,sig2,ELEM,2,ETAB,SIGMA !* !* *GET,sig3,ELEM,3,ETAB,SIGMA !* *SET,sig1,abs(sig1) *SET,sig2,abs(sig2) *SET,sig

33、3,abs(sig3) !* /SHRINK,0 /ESHAPE,2 /EFACET,1 /RATIO,1,1,1/CFORMAT,32,0 /REPLOT !* /VIEW, 1 ,1,1,1 /ANG, 1 /REP,FAST EPLOT ! LGWRITE,trus_Opt,lgw,D:Xk,COMMENT FINISH /OPTOPANL,Trus_Opt,lgw, !* !* OPVAR,A1,DV,0.01e-4,0.001, ,!* OPVAR,A2,DV,0.01e-4,0.001, ,!* OPVAR,A3,DV,0.01e-4,0.001, ,!* OPVAR,B,DV,1

34、,2, , !* !* OPVAR,SIG1,SV, ,882E6, ,!* OPVAR,SIG2,SV, ,882E6, ,!* OPVAR,SIG3,SV, ,882E6, ,!* OPSAVE,Trus_var,opt, !* !* OPVAR,WT,OBJ, , ,0.01, !* OPTYPE,FIRS OPFRST,15, , , !* SAVE!* OPEXE /COM,ANSYS RELEASE 12.0.1 UP20090415 14:23:59 10/21/2011! OPTIMIZATION LOOPING HAS CLEARED THE INTERNAL LOG KEY

35、W,BETA,0 !* !* !* SAVE,Truss_Opt_resu,db,D:Xk !* OPLIST,16, ,0!* !* OPLIST,ALL, ,0 !* /AXLAB,X,Iteration Number /AXLAB,Y,Structural Weight /GTHK,AXIS,2/GRTYP,0/GROPT,ASCAL,ON /GROPT,LOGX,OFF /GROPT,LOGY,OFF /GROPT,AXDV,1 /GROPT,AXNM,ON /GROPT,AXNSC,1, /GROPT,DIG1,4, /GROPT,DIG2,3, /GROPT,XAXO,0, /GR

36、OPT,YAXO,0, /GROPT,DIVX,/GROPT,DIVY,/GROPT,REVX,0 /GROPT,REVY,0 /GROPT,LTYP,0 !* /XRANGE,DEFAULT /YRANGE,DEFAULT,1 !* XVAROPT, PLVAROPT,WT !* /AXLAB,X,Iteration Number /AXLAB,Y,Base Dimemsion /GTHK,AXIS,2/GRTYP,0/GROPT,ASCAL,ON /GROPT,LOGX,OFF /GROPT,LOGY,OFF /GROPT,AXDV,1 /GROPT,AXNM,ON /GROPT,AXNS

37、C,1, /GROPT,DIG1,4, /GROPT,DIG2,3, /GROPT,XAXO,0, /GROPT,YAXO,0, /GROPT,DIVX,/GROPT,DIVY,/GROPT,REVX,0 /GROPT,REVY,0 /GROPT,LTYP,0 !* /XRANGE,DEFAULT /YRANGE,DEFAULT,1 !* XVAROPT, PLVAROPT,B !* /AXLAB,X,Iteration Number /AXLAB,Y,Cross_Sectional Area /GTHK,AXIS,2/GRTYP,0/GROPT,ASCAL,ON /GROPT,LOGX,OF

38、F /GROPT,LOGY,OFF /GROPT,AXDV,1 /GROPT,AXNM,ON /GROPT,AXNSC,1, /GROPT,DIG1,4, /GROPT,DIG2,3, /GROPT,XAXO,0, /GROPT,YAXO,0, /GROPT,DIVX,/GROPT,DIVY,/GROPT,REVX,0 /GROPT,REVY,0 /GROPT,LTYP,0 !* /XRANGE,DEFAULT /YRANGE,DEFAULT,1 !* XVAROPT, PLVAROPT,A1,A2,A3 !* /AXLAB,X,Iteration Number /AXLAB,Y,Maximu

39、m Stress /GTHK,AXIS,2/GRTYP,0/GROPT,ASCAL,ON /GROPT,LOGX,OFF /GROPT,LOGY,OFF /GROPT,AXDV,1 /GROPT,AXNM,ON /GROPT,AXNSC,1, /GROPT,DIG1,4, /GROPT,DIG2,3, /GROPT,XAXO,0, /GROPT,YAXO,0, /GROPT,DIVX,/GROPT,DIVY,/GROPT,REVX,0 /GROPT,REVY,0 /GROPT,LTYP,0 !* /XRANGE,DEFAULT /YRANGE,DEFAULT,1 !* XVAROPT, PLV

40、AROPT,SIG1,SIG2,SIG3 !* SAVEFINISH ! /EXIT,NOSAV brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning admini

41、strative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal th

42、e accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and con

43、struction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods

44、 of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petro

45、chemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedureshort and make up for long. Long and short, rational thought, keeping the force, we must deal with it calmly, neither keep advantages do not, missed opportunities, also faced short omissions, loss of confidence, we must correctly understand and handle the relationship betw