《e冬期施工准备与管理.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《e冬期施工准备与管理.doc（58页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、14 冬期施工准备与管理14.1 冬期施工准备工作14.1.1 冬期施工技术准备工作 一、冬期施工技术准备原则1、熟悉国家工程质量验收标准，确保工程质量。2、冬期施工过程中，工程项目的施工要连续进行，必须做到安全生产。3、制定冬期施工方案（措施）要因时因地因工程项目制宜，既要技术上可靠，同时要经济上合理，减少能源消耗。4、施工所需的原材料要符合国家标准要求，备料充足。5、所选择的施工方法简单可靠，施工速度快，达到缩短工期降低成本的目的。6、凡是没有冬期施工方案（措施），或者冬期施工准备工作未做好的工程项目，不得强行进行冬期施工。7、必须制定行之有效的冬期施工管理措施。二、冬期施工方案的编制（一
2、）冬期施工方案的编制前的准备工作1、拟进行冬期施工的过程，应进行全面的调研，掌握必要的数据：冬期施工栋号的建筑面积、工程项目及其工作量、冬期施工部位及其设计要求。2、进入冬期施工的工程项目，应全面进行图纸复查。如不合适冬期施工要求的工程项目（部位），应及时向建设单位及设计单位提出修改设计要求。3、根据冬期施工技术要求，掌握资源供应情况。4、对于复杂工程、技术要求高的工程，要进行冬期施工方案的可行性的综合分析（包括经济、能源、工程质量、工期诸方面）。5、有针对性地对冬期施工方法进行评估、筛选、调研和进行专项必要的试验。（二）冬季施工方案的主要内容1、冬季施工生产任务安排及施工布置。明确冬期施工项
3、目、部位及其在冬期施工中前期、中期、后期的施工特点。2、选定的冬期施工方法及其经济分析。3、热源设备计划（包括供热热源和热能转换设备）。4、保温材料、外加剂材料计划。5、冬期施工人员技术培训、劳动力计划。6、工程质量控制要点。7、冬期安全生产及消防要点。（三）单位工程冬期施工组织设计或分项工程冬期施工技术的主要内容1、冬期施工工程任务概况、必要性和应完成的工程量。2、工程项目的实物量和工作量，施工程序和进度计划。3、分项工程在不同的冬期施工阶段中的施工方法和技术措施。4、冬期施工现场准备方案及实施计划。5、工程质量控制要点。6、主要材料、设备、机具和仪表等需用量计划。7、安全生产和防火技术措施
4、。8、各项经济技术控制指标及节能等措施。三、冬季施工方法的选择（一）考虑本地区冬期气候变化规律1、冬期施工起迄日期在现行的施工及验收规范中做了一般性的规定。但是，由于我国幅员辽阔，各地气候差别很大，因此，冬期施工起迄日期应根据本地区的气象资料做出明确的规定。它是做好冬期施工准备等工作的基本数据。它的准确程度应使既能保证冬期施工准备适时进行，又能避免施工材料的不足或过剩，他直接影响到工程质量和施工的连续性。2、冬期气温变化规律，是选择合理的技术措施的依据。因此，在考虑不同阶段的施工方法及技术措施时，应注意到：不同气温阶段的持续时间、寒流发生的大致时间及其持续时间。最低极端气温及发生、持续时间等。
5、3、施工场地土壤冻融时间及其冻结深度。（二）考虑结构类型和施工部位1、地下工程主要考虑下面几个因素：（1）防止地基受冻的措施或因地基冻胀带来的危害。（2）类似独立柱基、承台梁、筏片基础等浅埋的现浇钢筋混凝土的防冻。（3）浇灌混凝土前的清除雪、冰的措施，及浇筑后的混凝土防护措施。（4）施工间隙过程中的防冻、防雪措施，以及整体和局部的防冻保温措施。（5）大型、深埋钢筋混凝土的养护方法（如大体积混凝土、高性能混凝土）。2、地上结构工程主要考虑以下几个因素：（1）对于薄板、混凝土量小的构件，应考虑模板材料、保温材料、外加剂以及养护方法的选择。（2）独立构件的现浇混凝土的养护方法。（3）整体现浇钢筋混凝
6、土结构中混凝土的保温、养护。（4）应注意到冬期施工不同阶段和不同施工部位的变化与所采用的施工方法相适应。（5）钢筋焊接应考虑到风、雪天及高层施工的防护要求及恰当焊接工艺。（6）砌筑工程应考虑到工程性质、结构部位、工程量等因素。3、装饰工程主要考虑两个因素：（1）室内采暖的方法及最低温度要求。（2）建筑物的封闭、保温措施。（三）考虑热源设备1、热源设备的可靠性、经济性。2、依工程量的大小、施工进度及台班供应量是否满足要求。（四）考虑冬期施工的资源1、各种资源的供应情况。2、保温材料的选择及供应量。3、水泥、外加剂的选择及供应量。（五）能源条件的考虑1、能源供给情况。2、能源与已有设备的配套情况。
7、3、节约能源、降低能耗措施。（六）新技术、新工艺的应用1、尽量采用有利于保证冬期施工质量的新工艺、新的施工方法。2、综合利用新能源、新型设备，降低能耗。3、采用节约水泥并加快混凝土早期增长强度的技术措施。（七）冬期施工安全技术的考虑1、各种冬期施工方法必须有安全技术措施。2、冬期施工进度及措施必须考虑结构工程在施工过程中的自身安全（强度、稳定性满足施工安全要求）措施。3、防火、电气灾害的安全措施。4、防毒、防煤气安全措施。四、冬期施工热源及设备（一）冬期施工热源及设备1、冬期施工热源主要用于：混凝土、砂浆的拌合水、砂子、石子的加热；防水卷材、建筑用胶、化学材料、油漆等保温；混凝土的养护；装修工
8、程室内通暖；暖棚通暖等。2、冬期施工热源设备主要有：热水锅炉、蒸汽锅炉、电能及转换热能设备、煤、石油液化气等。（二）热源设备的选择主要依据1、热工计算。2、设备的热效率。3、工程量大小、工期长短。4、现场条件与设备性能相适应。5、施工特点，施工环境。（三）常用热源设备分类1、蒸汽及热水：锅炉、钢串片、盘管等。2、电：电热毯、农用电热毯、碳化硅板、热风机、电热远红外线辐射器、钢管式远红外线电热管。3、煤：各种燃煤炉具。五、外加剂的选择（一）外加剂性能的选择冬期施工中，一般从结构类型、性质、施工部位以及外加剂使用的目的来选择外加剂。同时，我们也应考虑下面几点：1、改善混凝土或砂浆的和易性，减少用水
9、量，提高拌合物的品质（减少离析、降低泌水量、提高匀质性及冬施能达到的泵送要求）。2、提高混凝土的早期强度。3、降低混凝土的冻结冰点，促使水泥在低温或负温下加速水花，促进早起和中期强度的增长。4、减少干缩性，提高抗冻融性。5、作为综合措施之一，达到加速模板周转、缩短或取消加热养护，降低冬季施工费用。6、降低外加剂的掺量及成本。（二）冬期施工外加剂的选择应注意的几个问题1、外加剂混凝土后期强度的影响。2、外加剂对混凝土耐久性的影响，要考虑碱骨料的反应。3、外加剂对金属锈蚀作用，及长期阻锈效果。4、外加剂在使用前，应首先了解生产单位提供的技术资料及说明。外加剂的化学成分和含量，尤其是氯离子（CL-1
10、）和硫酸根（SO3-2）的含量，必须符合有关规定的要求。5、外加剂的选用应考虑到水泥品种、水泥的矿物组成、骨料特性、混凝土的配合比、施工时的温度、湿度及养护条件。6、外加剂在使用过程中要求达到规定的溶解度、浓度、分散均匀性；并具有相应的测试手段和设备。7、外加剂在使用前必须进行复试。六、冬期施工人员培训（一）冬期施工管理人员，通过培训了解本年度的冬施任务、特点，在组织生产过程中能够统筹安排劳力，适时做好冬期施工准备工作，使生产从常温顺利进入冬期施工；能够避免因气温突变造成工程质量事故或者停工事故发生。2、培训的内容主要有三个方面：（1）学习有关冬期施工规范、规定。（2）学习冬期施工的理论、冬期
11、施工技术。（3）学习、理解本单位冬期施工的总方案和具体工程项目的冬期施工方法、措施。3、施工管理人员在培训学习中，应强调冬期施工技术工作的特殊性，使冬期始末阶段的施工工作适时、全面、顺利地进行。施工现场管理人员必须掌握如下工作要点：（1）了解当天的天气预报和测温人员的测温报告。作出天气突变的防范措施；当天外加剂的掺量；决定各种材料加热温度、混凝土加热养护温度的控制等。（2）根据混凝土养护测温记录，推算混凝土强度增长情况，决定同条件试块试压时间、混凝土拆模时间、以及拆模后混凝土外表面的保温措施。（3）检查冬期施工热源设备的运行情况。（4）检查保温措施的实施情况。（5）检查冬期施工的安全措施执行情
12、况。重点是：架子是否因地基冻胀而产生变形、或架子安全措施失效；电气设备使用、明火使用是否符合规定；容易产生煤气中毒作业场所、易燃易爆材料、亚硝酸盐、氯化钙等化学材料堆放场地、气焊设备等是否存在违章情况。（6）抓好冬期始末阶段的防冻保温和安全措施的如期实施。在化冻阶段，应着重检查架子、机具设备、构件堆放场地的变化；槽坑边坡是否发生坍塌，及时采取措施。（二）司炉人员的培训司炉人员的培训，主要通过学习基本的基础理论和锅炉的安全操作，使司炉人员达到合格标准。1、司炉人员必须具备有关锅炉的基本知识和按操作规程进行实际操作的能力。2、司炉人员必须具备安全紧急处理的知识和技能。3、思路人员必须明确职责、交接
13、班手续清楚。4、上岗的思路人员必须通过培训、考核、合格后持证上岗。（三）测温人员的培训测温人员的培训，主要通过学习各种测温方法，明确测温的意义和测温数据的重要性，提高测温人员的责任心。测温人员必须做到：1、每天记录大气温度，并报告工地负责人。2、测量装饰工程的室内初始室温。3、测量砂浆上墙温度。4、混凝土拌和料的温度、混凝土出盘温度、混凝土入模温度。5、混凝土养护温度的测量：按要求布置测温孔、绘制测温孔分布图及编号。按规定测量混凝土养护初始温度、升温、恒温、降温过程的混凝土温度、大气温度、控制混凝土加热养护的初养温度和时间，升温速度、恒温的温度和降温速度。6、做好测温记录的填写和整理工作。14
14、.1.2 冬期施工生产准备工作一、冬期施工任务的安排1、冬期施工生产准备的一般原则:（1）冬期施工生产准备，首先是在综合考虑完成合同约定和为下年度生产打好基础的条件下，从而实现冬期施工生产的均衡性。（2）确定在施工工程进入冬期的面积比例；明确各种劳力的供需量；明确大、中、小型机械的使用、维修计划；确定生产的流水走向。（3）安排冬期停工越冬工程应达到的部位和维护、保护措施。（4）掌握冬期施工所需的物资供应情况。安排冬期施工中的生产、生活热源设备（设施）。（5）将冬期施工生产准备项目、质量控制措施所要求的人工和辅助性项目纳入生产安排。2、（英文版 ） Two regulations promulg
15、ated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The t
16、wo regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw t
17、he party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental
18、 principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and r
19、evised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the wh
20、ole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus
21、on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years c
22、omprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly admini
23、stering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no auton
24、omy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of coun
25、ty-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive
26、 strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority
27、of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, re
28、ally put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attac
29、hes great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commissio
30、n for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the dir
31、ection, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly
32、 responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (auto
33、nomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspecti
34、on of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On Octo
35、ber 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eigh
36、teen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the c
37、urrent, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining
38、the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Sessio
39、n of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party con
40、stitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing th
41、e party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focus
42、ing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party disc
43、ipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the m
44、ain problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit
45、 against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) adhe
46、re to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communist
47、s noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the self-discipline, removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, eight prohibition 52 are not allowed to about the content