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1、Unit One Text A,The Icy Defender,Pride comes before a fall,pride comes / goes before a fall (saying) if you have too high an opinion of yourself or your abilities, sth will happen to make you look stupid It is said to emphasize that if you are too confident about your abilities, something bad will h
2、appen which shows that you are not as good as you think,L2 fierce resistance,fierce (especially of actions or emotions) showing strong feelings or a lot of activity, often in a way that is violent: the scene of fierce fighting He launched a fierce attack on the Democrats. Competition from abroad bec
3、ame fiercer in the 1990s. His wife is his fiercest critic. The bill was passed despite fierce opposition. 极度忠诚/仇恨 剧痛 强烈的自尊 fierce loyalty/hatred fierce pain fierce pride 狂风 酷热 拼命的努力 fierce winds fierce heat fierce effort,L3 Russian soil,soil (literary) a country; an area of land: It was the first ti
4、me I had set foot on African soil. on British/French/foreign etc soil formal in Britain, France etc The crime was committed on American soil.,L5 devastating enemy,devastate 1 to make someone feel extremely shocked and sad; 2 to damage sth very badly or completely devastating adj. 1 causing a lot of
5、damage and destruction: a devastating explosion / fire / effect 2 extremely shocking to a person; 3 impressive and powerful devastated feeling extremely shocked and sad The city centre was _ by the bomb. (v2) He received _ injuries in the accident. (a1) Her smile was _ . (a3) It will be a _ blow to
6、the local community if the factory closes. (a1) She was left feeling totally _ . (-ed) the _ news that her father was dead (a2) Rob was _ by the news of her death. (v1) his _ performance in the 100 metres (a3),devastated,devastating,devastating,devastating,devastated,devastating,devastated,devastati
7、ng,L5 raw, bitter, bleak ,raw very cold: 寒冷的 a raw north wind She shivered in the raw morning air. It had been a wet raw winter. bitter (of weather conditions) extremely cold and unpleasant: 酷冷的 bitter cold a bitter wind Its really bitter out today. bleak(of the weather) cold and unpleasant: 阴冷 凄凉的
8、a bleak winters day a bleak January afternoon,L6 might was unequaled,might noun U (formal or literary) great strength, energy or power: 力量, 威力, 权力 Americas military might I pushed the rock with all my might. unequalled (BrE) (AmE unequaled) adj. better than all others 无与伦比的 The hotel has a range of
9、facilities unequalled in the city.,L9 mowed down resistance,mow sb down to kill people, usually in large numbers, by shooting them or driving a vehicle into them, especially when several people are all killed at the same time: 摧毁 The gunmen opened fire, mowing down at least seven people. The soldier
10、s were mown down by machine gun fire. Three shoppers were mown down this afternoon when a drunken driver lost control of his car.,L11 came to the aid of,aid U (formal) help that is given to a person; help or advice that is given to someone who needs it U come/go to somebodys aid (=help someone) One
11、of the station staff saw he was in difficulty and came to his aid (= helped him). I didnt speak any French, but a nice man came to my aid and told me where to go.,L13 an army of ,C+sing./pl. v. a large number of people or things, especially when they are organized in some way or involved in a partic
12、ular activity: an army of advisers / volunteers An army of ants marched across the path. The village hall is maintained by an army of volunteers .,L16 confident of a quick victory,feeling certain that sth will happen in the way that you want or expect: Be a bit more confident in yourself! They dont
13、sound confident about the future of the industry. Im confident of his skills as a manager. The team feels confident of winning. The company is confident of success. The Prime Minister appeared relaxed and confident of winning an overall majority. I feel quite confident about the future. + that Are y
14、ou confident that enough people will attend the event? It was a confident performance.# Im confident that you will get the job. She was quietly confident that everything would go as planned.,L16 the conquest of Russia,conquest sing., U the act of taking control of a country, city, etc. by force: the
15、 Norman Conquest (=the conquest of England by the Normans) conquest of the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire the Norman Conquest (= of England in 1066),L22 advance march,advance C the forward movement of a group of people, especially armed forces: We feared that an advance on the capital would soo
16、n follow. enemy advances Nothing could stop the advance of the flood waters. Recent advances in medical science mean that this illness can now be cured.,L22 became bogged down,bog sth/sb down (in sth) usu passive 1 to make sth sink into mud or wet ground; if sth gets bogged down, it becomes stuck in
17、 soft ground and is unable to move 陷入困境 The car got bogged down in the mud. The tank became bogged down in mud. 2 to prevent sb from making progress in an activity; if a process or plan becomes bogged down, it is delayed so that no progress is made 停顿 Talks to settle the pay dispute have become bogg
18、ed down. We mustnt get bogged down in details. Dont let yourself get bogged down in minor details.,L24 engaged (at ) in,engage to attack or begin to fight someone: 交战 Enemy planes engaged the troops as they advanced into the mountains. I always + prep. to be doing or to become involved in an activit
19、y; to take part in something engage in/on/upon 使从事于, 参加, 进行 Only 10% of American adults engage in regular exercise. The two parties engaged upon an escalating political struggle. Mr Armstrong was engaged in prayer. Despite her illness, she remains actively engaged in shaping policy. The two governme
20、nts have agreed to engage in a comprehensive dialogue to resolve the problem.,L27 crucial decision,crucial extremely important, because it will affect other things: adj.至关紧要的 a crucial factor / issue / decision topics of crucial importance for education Winning this contract is crucial to the succes
21、s of the company. The next few weeks are going to be crucial. It is crucial that we get this right. Parents play a crucial role in preparing their child for school. He wasnt there at the crucial moment (= when he was needed most).,L30 took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow,gamble singular an actio
22、n or plan that involves a risk but that you hope will succeed 冒险 It was a big gamble for her to leave the band and go solo. The gamble on the harvest had paid off (=succeeded) . Ellen had to admit the gamble had paid off (=succeeded) . In a depressed market, we cannot afford to take a gamble on a ne
23、w product. Her publishers knew they were taking a gamble when they agreed to publish such an unusual novel. She knew she was taking a gamble but decided it was worth it.,L35 a clear path,clear free from things that are blocking the way or covering the surface of sth; not covered or blocked by anythi
24、ng that stops you from doing or seeing what you want The road was clear and I ran over. All exits must be kept clear of baggage. You wont get a clear view of the stage from here. I always leave a clear desk at the end of the day. Most roads are now clear of snow. The roads were fairly clear this mor
25、ning. From the top floor you get a clear view/look of the bay. To prevent fires, the sides of the roads are kept clear of underbrush.,L36 an empty victory,usually before noun (of sth that sb says or does) with no meaning; not meaning what is said; having no effect empty words an empty promise an emp
26、ty gesture aimed at pleasing the crowds His repeated promises to pay them back were just empty words.,L37 fled their capital,flee (written) to leave a person or place very quickly, especially because you are afraid of possible danger: v a camp for refugees fleeing from the war He fled to London afte
27、r an argument with his family. She burst into tears and fled. vn He was caught trying to flee the country. The driver had already fled the scene of the accident.,L39 bide his time,bide your time to wait calmly for the right time or a good opportunity to do sth: 等待时机 She was biding her time until she
28、 could get her revenge. He decided to bide his time until he got an opportunity to talk to her alone. They are stronger than us and can afford to bide their time.,L41 quarter his army,(usu in passive) (fml) to provide sb with a place to eat and sleep: Three hundred soldiers were quartered in the tow
29、n. Our troops were quartered in Boston until June.,L49 took ill,Her father is seriously ill in St Lukes hospital. She was taken ill suddenly. She was suddenly taken ill at school. We both started to feel ill shortly after the meal. Uncle Harry is terminally ill with cancer (= he will die from his il
30、lness). (written) He fell ill and died soon after. I was feeling ill that day and decided to stay at home. All these diets are making you ill .,L50 dragged on (L78),drag to move swh with difficulty, esp because you are ill, tired, or unhappy 缓慢而费力地行动 I dragged myself out of bed and into the bathroom
31、. Can you drag yourself away from (=stop watching) the TV for a minute? drag on (disapproving) to go on for too long: The dispute has dragged on for months. The first half of the film was interesting but the second half dragged (on) (= seemed to go slowly because it was boring). 拖延,L54 a stroke of l
32、uck,stroke (of sth) a single successful action or event: 一次意外的不幸/好运; 一举,一次努力 Your idea was a stroke of genius.天才/聪明之举 It was a bold stroke (果敢的措施) to reveal the identity of the murderer on the first page. She never does a stroke (of work) (= never does any work). (一次努力；一件工作) stroke of luck/fortune:
33、something lucky that happens to you unexpectedly (一次运气) In a stroke of luck, a suitable organ donor became available. It was a stroke of luck that I found you here. a stroke of misfortune 倒了一次霉,L69 three broad thrusts,thrust an attack or assault, especially by an armed force 武装攻击/推进：尤指武装部队所执行的进攻或袭击
34、侵略军突然向北推进。 The invading army made a sudden thrust to the north. 向敌人阵地纵深挺进 make a deep thrust into the enemy position 大规模空袭 a big thrust from the air,L71 caught off guard,throw/catch sb off guard to surprise someone by doing something which they are not expecting and are not ready for 乘人不备 off (your)
35、 guard not careful or prepared for sth difficult or dangerous: 不提防；不警惕 The lawyers apparently innocent question was designed to catch the witness off (his) guard. Senator OHare was caught off guard by the question. 他们被敌人偷袭。 They were caught off guard by the enemy. 罪犯在酒店里喝酒，警察乘其不备把他逮住了。 The police, c
36、atching the criminal off his guard, arrested him as he was drinking in a public house.,L73 rendered useless,render (CAUSE) T FORMAL to cause someone or something to be in a particular state: 致使 + adjective His rudeness rendered me speechless. New technology has rendered my old computer obsolete. Hun
37、dreds of people were rendered homeless by the earthquake.,L76 closed in on Leningrad,close in (on sb/sth) to move nearer to sb/sth, especially in order to attack them: close in on/around/upon etc 包围, 封闭 The lions closed in on their prey The snake closed in for the kill. close in on/around/upon etc e
38、nemy soldiers closing in on them from all sides The snake closed in for the kill.,L80 starve to death,bleed/burn/starve etc to death a homeless man who froze to death beat/stab/shoot etc somebody to death The 76-year-old pensioner was beaten to death. put/sentence/condemn sb to death =kill sb or dec
39、ide they should be killed as an official punishment Legend has it that Sarah was put to death for practising witchcraft. to death informal used to emphasize that a feeling or emotion is very strong adv. 极度 be bored/scared/frightened etc to death She was scared to death of what might happen next. Im
40、absolutely sick to death of it (=very angry, bored, or unhappy about something) . bore/scare/love etc somebody to death He drove at a speed which frightened Leonora to death. She used to worry me to death.,L82 the capture of Moscow,capture n. 捕获, 战利品，夺取 capture U 1 when you catch someone in order to
41、 make them a prisoner The two soldiers somehow managed to avoid capture. 2 when soldiers get control of a place that previously belonged to an enemy the capture of Jerusalem in 1099 They witnessed the capture of the city by rebel troops. 3 when you get control of something that previously belonged t
42、o one of your competitors 4 when you put information into a form a computer can use,L86 severe winter settled over the soviet Union,settle I always + adv/prep written if a quality or feeling settles over a place or person, it begins and has a strong effect settle over/on An uneasy silence settled ov
43、er the room. Depression settled over her like a heavy black cloud.,L90 lay buried,lie I + adverb or preposition; L If something lies in a particular place, position or direction, it is in that place, position or direction; to be in a particular state or condition lie empty/open/hidden etc Theres an
44、old pair of shoes of yours lying at/in the bottom of the wardrobe. Id rather use my money than leave it lying in the bank. The river lies 30km to the south. Cambridge United are lying third in the league. There are several houses lying empty in the town. The ship lies off (positioned near) the coast
45、 of Spain. The book lay open on the table. The town now lay in ruins. v-adj Snow was lying thick on the ground. These machines have lain idle since the factory closed.,L91 brought the German offensive to a halt,= stop the German offensive offensive 1 a military operation in which large numbers of so
46、ldiers, etc. attack another country: n. 进攻, 攻势 an air / a bombing offensive The final offensive was launched on January 10. 2 a series of actions aimed at achieving sth in a way that attracts a lot of attention: The government has launched a new offensive against crime. a sales offensive The public
47、seems unconvinced by their latest charm offensive (= their attempt to make people like them).,bring sth to a halt,halt sing. an act of stopping the movement or progress of sb/sth, stop, pause: Work came to a halt when the machine broke down. The thought brought her to an abrupt halt. The car skidded
48、 to a halt. Strikes have led to a halt in production. They decided it was time to call a halt to the project (= stop it officially). bring to cause someone or something to reach a particular state or condition bring something to an end/a close/a halt/a conclusion The trial was swiftly brought to an
49、end.,L102 turned the tide against Hitler,tide C,usu singular the way in which events or peoples opinions are developing tide of (公众情绪，舆论等) 潮流；走势 With the tide of public opinion against him, the president may lose. It was their first major victory. The tide had turned (=changed). The tide of battle turned against the Mexican army. turn the tide the tide turned | turn the