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1、Three representatives important thought is the essence of assuming power for the people. Hu Jintao pointed out that comrade: study and implement the three represents important thought must adhere to assuming power for the people. This measure really learned, is not really practice the three represen
2、ts important thought the most important symbol. Today, what we talk about is eight characters: assuming power for the people . First, profound comprehension of assuming power for the people are the scientific connotations of a political party, a regime of public or private, for the people or officia
3、l, is the key to bears on decisions. People, party, regime, and career; the heart back, weak political parties, power failure, defeat. This is Hu Jintao comrades speech reveals a truth. 1, meaning stick and assumes power for the people, that is always on the point of view of people, representative a
4、nd committed to realizing the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of working people. The serve, is the partys theory, line, program, principles, policies and all work, should reflect the common interests of Nations and peoples, and reflects the common aspirations and demands of all th
5、e people. Power to the people, is the power of our party, to organize and guide the broad masses of the people and promote development, and prosperity, well-being, building a modern socialist material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization, so that the broad masses of the pe
6、ople enjoy full social development and progress and the achievements of modern civilization. The serve, indicates that our party is from the people, rooted in the people, to serve the people. The party representing the interests of people. In addition to the peoples interests, the party does not hav
7、e its own special interests at all. Power to the people, determines the object of our party service is only the most broad masses of the people, not just for some services, services for the few, not just to a few people for a service, must not formation of vested interest groups in the party. The co
8、ncept of people in different countries have different content and different historical periods. In the new historical period of reform and opening up, peoples team never so large. Ruling party not only for the workers, peasants, intellectuals, military service, but also as builders of socialism of t
9、he new services in the reform, including private enterprise entrepreneurs and technical personnel employed by foreign-funded enterprises management personnel, the self-employed, private entrepreneurs, intermediaries of the practitioners, as well as freelance workers. With the development of socialis
10、t economy, politics and culture will constantly emerging new industry, occupation, as long as they create wealth for the community, providing services to meet the needs of society and the people, we are all builders of socialism, the ruling party will serve them. This is embodiment of the party adva
11、nced nature of the working class. Party or a party for private; assuming power for the people, and第七讲 有耐久性设计要求的混凝土配合比设计与生产质量、施工质量控制一、混凝土配合比设计依据1、混凝土强度等级有耐久性设计要求的混凝土配合比设计时，需采用设计规定的强度等级。2、混凝土耐久性设计参数掌握设计文件中有关对混凝土耐久性设计要求，并参照铁路混凝土结构耐久性设计暂行规定选用。. 基本规定 C30及以下的混凝土的胶凝材料总量不宜高于400kg/m3，C35C40混凝土不宜高于450kg/m3，C5
12、0及以上混凝土不宜高于500kg/m3。 一般情况下，混凝土中的矿物掺合料掺量不宜小于20%。混凝土中粉煤灰掺量大于30%时，混凝土水胶比不宜大于0.45。预应力混凝土以及处于冻融环境的混凝土中粉煤灰的掺量不宜大于30%。 选用多功能复合外加剂。. 最大水胶比和最小胶凝材料用量有耐久性设计要求的混凝土的最大水胶比和最小胶凝材料用量应符合表1表3规定。表1 钢筋混凝土及预应力钢筋混凝土的最大水胶比和最小胶凝材料用量（kg/m3）环境类别环境作用等级设计使用年限级别一（100年）二（60年）三（30年）最大水胶比最小胶凝材料用量最大水胶比最小胶凝材料用量最大水胶比最小胶凝材料用量碳化环境T10.5
13、52800.602600.65260T20.503000.552800.60260T30.453200.503000.50300氯盐环境L10.453200.503000.50300L20.403400.453200.45320L30.363600.403400.40340化学侵蚀环境H10.503000.552800.60260H20.453200.503000.50300H30.403400.453200.45320H40.363600.403400.40340冻融破坏环境D10.503000.552800.60260D20.453200.503000.50300D30.403400.45
14、3200.45320D40.363600.403400.40340磨蚀环境M10.503000.552800.60260M20.453200.503000.50300M30.403400.453200.45320表2 素混凝土的最大水胶比和最小胶凝材料用量（kg/m3）环境类别环境作用等级设计使用年限级别一（100年）二（60年）三（30年）最大水胶比最小胶凝材料用量最大水胶比最小胶凝材料用量最大水胶比最小胶凝材料用量碳化环境T1、T2、T30.602800.652600.65260氯盐环境L1、L2、L30.602800.652600.65260化学侵蚀环境H10.503000.552800
15、.60260H20.503000.50300H3H4冻融破坏环境D10.503000.552800.60260D20.503000.50300D3D4磨蚀环境M10.552800.602600.65260M20.503000.552800.60260M30.503000.50300注：“”表示不宜采用素混凝土结构。表3 硫酸盐侵蚀环境下混凝土胶凝材料的要求环境作用等级水泥品种水泥熟料中的C3A含量（%）粉煤灰或磨细矿渣粉的掺量（%）最小胶凝材料用量（kg/m3）H1普通硅酸盐水泥820300中抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥5300H2普通硅酸盐水泥825330中抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥520300高抗硫酸盐硅酸
16、盐水泥3300H3、H4普通硅酸盐水泥630360中抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥525360高抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥320360. 混凝土含气量有耐久性设计要求的混凝土的含气量应符合表4的规定。表4 混凝土含气量要求环境条件无抗冻要求混凝土有抗冻要求混凝土D1D2、D3D4含气量（%）2.04.05.05.5. 混凝土电通量q有耐久性设计要求的混凝土的电通量应符合表5表7的规定。表5 混凝土的电通量设计使用年限级别一（100年）二（60年）、三（30年）56d电通量（C）C3020002500C30C4515002000C5010001500注：本表是对所有有耐久性要求的混凝土的基本要求。当混凝土处于氯盐环
17、境、化学侵蚀环境或冻融破坏环境时，混凝土的耐久性指标还应满足表6、表7的规定。表6 氯盐环境下混凝土的电通量设计使用年限级别一（100年）二（60年）、三（30年）环境作用等级L1L2、L3L1L2、L356d电通量（C）100080015001000表7 化学侵蚀环境下混凝土的电通量设计使用年限级别一（100年）二（60年）、三（30年）环境作用等级H1、H2H3、H4H1、H2H3、H456d电通量（C）1200100015001000. 混凝土的抗冻性有耐久性设计要求的冻融破坏环境下的混凝土结构，混凝土的抗冻性应符合表8的规定。表8 冻融破坏环境下混凝土的抗冻性设计使用年限级别一（100
18、年）二（60年）三（30年）环境作用等级D1、D2、D3、D4D1、D2、D3、D4D1、D2、D3、D4抗冻等级（56d）F300F250F200. 混凝土中的碱含量有耐久性设计要求的混凝土中的碱含量应符合设计要求。设计无具体要求的，当骨料的碱硅酸反应砂浆棒膨胀率在0.10%0.20%时，混凝土中的碱含量应符合表9的规定；当骨料的砂浆棒膨胀率在0.20%0.30%时，除了混凝土的碱含量应符合表9的规定外，应在混凝土中掺加具有明显抑制效能的矿物掺和料和外加剂，并经试验证明抑制有效。表9 混凝土最大碱含量（kg/m3）设计使用年限级别一（100年）二（60年）三（30年）环境条件干燥环境3.53
19、.53.5潮湿环境3.03.03.5含碱环境3.03.0注： 带号项目混凝土必须换用非碱活性骨料。 混凝土的总碱含量包括水泥、矿物掺合料、外加剂及水的碱含量之和。其中，矿物掺合料的碱含量以其所含可溶性碱计算。粉煤灰的可溶性碱含量取粉煤灰总碱含量的1/6，矿渣粉的可溶性碱含量取矿渣粉总碱含量的1/2，硅灰的可溶性碱含量取硅灰总碱含量的1/2。 干燥环境是指不直接和水接触、空气平均相对湿度长期不大于76%的环境；潮湿环境是指与水直接接触、干湿交替变化的环境、水下或与潮湿土壤接触以及空气平均相对湿度长期大于75%的环境；含碱环境是指直接与海水、含碱工业废水、钾（钠）盐等接触的环境；干燥环境或潮湿环境
20、与含碱环境交替变化时，均按含碱环境对待。 处于含碱环境中的设计年限为60年、30年的混凝土工程，在限制混凝土碱含量的同时，应对混凝土表面作防水、防碱涂层处理，否则应换用非碱活性骨料。3、原材料品质指标和检验批次控制要求. 水泥宜选用硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥，水泥的混合材宜为矿渣或粉煤灰，有耐硫酸盐侵蚀要求的混凝土也可选用中抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥或高抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥，不宜使用早强水泥。水泥的质量品质指标及检验批次控制应符合表10的要求和规定。power for the interests of individuals or a group, is to examine the basic mea
21、sure of a ruling party can hold. Kuomintang in mainland China more than 20 years, is the party for the private sector. Full of hoarding, and corruption does not punish, collaborators of treason, . Building societies, above people-based critical of the rulers do exist, but due to the limitations of c
22、lass, what is often the people, and even completely opposite. Among these, the worst case, when the number of Qin dynasty. Qin United the six States, only a short 15 years of dynasties. That later sent a sigh: boo hoo! destroyed six of six non-Qin. Qin Qin Ye, not the world. It should be noted that
23、our party advocated people-oriented , which absorbed the outstanding achievements of ancient and modern culture, with feudal society people-oriented ideas, capitalist society of humanism is fundamentally different. Comrade Mao Zedong once said that exploiting class man with love cattle, we are diffe
24、rent, we are part of the people, our party is representative of the people. The principle of Governing for the people as the concept that the people in our party, and the traditional people-oriented thoughts vinegar, but? Bstyle=coloR:white; BackgRound-coloR:#00aa00 is belongs to which people, and w
25、hich party; people is social political subject, national should by people for main, and not for people for main; masses is real of hero, people has capacity masters; rulers and people is sex relationship, must believes, and relies on and to people, and consciously accept people of supervision; ruler
26、s always to for people for only, and ultimate target, and not as means or expediency. There is no doubt that notion of Governing for the people are genuine, complete humanism. Principle of Governing for the people as our partys view, is the times. Back in the early days of party, Li Dazhao on the di
27、scussion of populist outlined when the Communist ideal of Governing for the people. He in civilians doctrine a paper in the said: pure of civilians doctrine , is put political Shang, and economic Shang, and social Shang all privileges class, completely break, makes people all, are is for social nati
28、onal do useful of work of people, not must with political organ to ruled personal, political organ just for all people, belongs to all people, and by all people implementation of affairs management of tool. Advocated by Comrade Mao Zedong serve and from the masses, to the masses the mass line, Comra
29、de DENG Xiaopings three favorables and people are not satisfied, people promise not to promise, in favour of the people do not agree, the people happy or not standard, lays the theoretical foundation for the principle of Governing for the people. With comrade Jiang Zemin as the core of the third gen
30、eration of collective leadership of the party to govern for the people are described in comprehensive and profound. Three representatives important thoughts converge was assuming power for the people. Adhere to and assumes power for the people, do our best, most complete, most fully reflect the表10 水
31、泥品质指标技术要求及检验批次控制规定序号技 术 要 求检 验 规 定质量证明文件检查新选料源检验过 程 检 验项 目技 术 指 标供应商应提供指 标要求说明施工单位提供指 标要求说明施工单位提供指 标要求说明1 比表面积350m2/kg（对硅酸盐水泥、抗硫酸盐水泥）每厂家、每品种、每批号检查供应商提供的质量证明文件。施工单位、监理单位均全部检查。下列情况之一时，检验一次：任何新选料源；使用同厂家、同批号、同品种的水泥达3个月及出厂日期达3个月的水泥。施工单位试验检验；监理单位见证取样检测或平行检验。同厂家、同批号、同品种、同强度等级、同出厂日期且连续进厂的散装水泥每500t（袋装水泥每200t
32、）为一批，不足上述数量时也按一批计。施工单位每批抽样一次；监理单位平行检验或见证取样检测的次数为施工单位抽样试验次数的10%或20%，但至少一次。2烧失量5.0%3游离CaO含量1.0%4 MgO含量5.0%5SO3含量3.5%6 Cl-含量钢筋混凝土不宜大于0.1%，预应力混凝土0.06%7细度（80m方孔筛筛余）10%（对普通硅酸盐水泥）8凝结时间初凝不得早于45min，终凝不得迟于10h9安定性用沸煮法检验必须合格10强度各龄期强度不得低于商品强度等级的规定值11 碱含量0.8%12熟料中的C3A含量非氯盐环境不应超过8%，氯盐环境下不应超过10%13 助磨剂名称及掺量不得超过水泥质量的
33、1%14石膏名称及掺量GB/T5483中规定的G类或A类二级（含）以上的石膏或硬石膏15混合材名称及掺量6%15%. 粉煤灰粉煤灰的质量品质指标及检验批次控制应符合表11的要求和规定。表11 粉煤灰品质指标技术要求及检验批次控制规定序号技 术 要 求检 验 规 定质量证明文件检查新选料源检验过 程 检 验项 目技 术 指 标供应商应提供指标要求说明施工单位提供指标要求说明施工单位提供指标要求说明1 细度（%）C50以下混凝土（C50及以上混凝土）20（12）每品种、每料源检查供应商提供的质量证明文件。施工单位、监理单位均全部检查。下列情况之一时，检验一次：任何新选料源；使用同厂家、同批号、同品
34、种的产品达3个月及出厂日期达3个月的产品。施工单位试验检验；监理单位见证取样检测或平行检验。同厂家、同批号、同品种、同出厂日期的产品每120t为一批，不足120t时也按一批计。施工单位每批抽样试验一次；监理单位平行检验或见证取样检测的次数为施工单位抽样试验次数的10%或20%，但至少一次。2Cl-含量（%）不宜大于0.023需水量比（%）C50以下混凝土（C50及以上混凝土）105（100）4 烧失量（%）C50以下混凝土（C50及以上混凝土）5.0（3.0）5含水率（%）1.0（对干排灰）6 SO3含量（%）37CaO含量（%）10（对于硫酸盐侵蚀环境）8碱含量（%）. 硅灰硅灰的质量品质指
35、标及检验批次控制应符合表12的要求和规定。表12 硅灰品质指标技术要求及检验批次控制规定序号技 术 要 求检 验 规 定质量证明文件检查新选料源检验过 程 检 验项 目技 术 指 标供应商应提供指标要求说明施工单位提供指标要求说明施工单位提供指标要求说明1烧失量（%）6每品种、每料源检查供应商提供的质量证明文件。施工单位、监理单位均全部检查。下列情况之一时，检验一次： 任何新选料源；使用同厂家、同批号、同品种的产品达3个月及出厂日期达3个月的产品。施工单位试验检验；监理单位见证取样检测或平行检验。同厂家、同批号、同品种、同出厂日期的产品每120t为一批，不足120t时也按一批计。施工单位每批抽
36、样试验一次；监理单位平行检验或见证取样检测的次数为施工单位抽样试验次数的10%或20%，但至少一次。2Cl-含量（%）不宜大于0.023SiO2含量（%）854比表面积（m2/ kg）180005需水量比（%）1256含水率（%）3.07活性指数（%）（28d）85. 磨细矿渣粉磨细矿渣粉的质量品质指标及检验批次控制应符合表13的要求和规定。表13 磨细矿渣粉品质指标技术要求及检验批次控制规定序号技 术 要 求检 验 规 定质量证明文件检查新选料源检验过 程 检 验项 目技 术 指 标供应商应提供指标要求说明施工单位提供指标要求说明施工单位提供指标要求说明1 MgO含量（%）14每品种、每料源
37、检查供应商提供的质量证明文件。施工单位、监理单位均全部检查。下列情况之一时，检验一次： 任何新选料源；使用同厂家、同批号、同品种的产品达3个月及出厂日期达3个月的产品。施工单位试验检验；监理单位见证取样检测或平行检验。同厂家、同批号、同品种、同出厂日期的产品每120t为一批，不足120t时也按一批计。施工单位每批抽样试验一次；监理单位平行检验或见证取样检测的次数为施工单位抽样试验次数的10%或20%，但至少一次。2SO3含量（%）33烧失量（%）34 Cl-含量（%）不宜大于0.025比表面积（m2/ kg）3505006 需水量比（%）1007含水率（%）1.08碱含量（%）9活性指数（%）
38、（28d）95. 细骨料应选用级配合理、质地均匀坚固、吸水率低、空隙率小的洁净天然河砂，也可选用专门机组生产的人工砂，不宜使用山砂，不得使用海砂。细骨料的质量品质指标及检验批次控制应符合表14的要求和规定。表14 细骨料品质指标技术要求及检验批次控制规定序号技 术 要 求检 验 规 定质量证明文件检查新选料源检验过 程 检 验项 目技 术 指 标供应商应提供指 标要求说明施工单位提供指 标要求说明施工单位提供指 标要求说明1 细度模数优先选用3.02.3下列情况之一时，检验一次： 任何新选料源；连续使用同料源、同品种、同规格的细骨料达一年。施工单位试验检验；监理单位见证取样检测或平行检验。连续
39、进场的同料源、同品种、同规格的细骨料每400m3（或600t）为一批，不足上述数量时也按一批计。施工单位每批抽样试验一次；其中有机物含量每3月检验一次；监理单位平行检验或见证取样检测的次数为施工单位抽样试验次数的10%或20%，但至少一次。2吸水率2%3含泥量C30以下3.0%，C30C452.5%，C50及以上2.0%4 泥块含量0.5%5坚固性硫酸钠溶液浸泡5次循环后其质量损失8%6 云母含量0.5%7轻物质含量0.5%8有机物含量用比色法试验颜色不深于标准色9硫化物及硫酸盐含量0.5%10Cl-含量0.02%11碱活性砂浆棒膨胀率应小于0.10%12石粉含量C30以下10.0%（MB1.
40、40）或5.0%（MB1.40），C30C457.0%（MB1.40）或3.0%（MB1.40），C50及以上5.0%（MB1.40）或2.0%（MB1.40）13压碎指标值25%14 颗粒级配满足级配要求. 粗骨料应选用级配合理、粒形良好、质地均匀坚固、线胀系数小的洁净碎石，也可采用碎卵石，应采用两级或三级级配粗骨料。粗骨料的质量品质指标及检验批次控制应符合表15的要求和规定。表15 粗骨料品质指标技术要求及检验批次控制规定序号技 术 要 求检 验 规 定质量证明文件检查新选料源检验过 程 检 验项 目技 术 指 标供应商应提供指标要求说明施工单位提供指标要求说明施工单位提供指标要求说明1
41、颗粒级配应采用两级或多级级配下列情况之一时，检验一次： 任何新选料源；连续使用同料源、同品种、同规格的粗骨料达一年。施工单位试验检验；监理单位见证取样检测或平行检验。连续进场的同料源、同品种、同规格的粗骨料每400m3（或600t）为一批，不足上述数量时也按一批计。施工单位每批抽样试验一次；监理单位平行检验或见证取样检测的次数为施工单位抽样试验次数的10%或20%，但至少一次。2吸水率2%（干湿交替或冻融环境条件下1%）3含泥量C50以下1.0%，C50及以上0.5%4 泥块含量0.25%5坚固性硫酸钠溶液浸泡5次循环质量损失率：混凝土结构8%，预应力混凝土结构5%6 紧密空隙率40%7针片状颗粒含量C50以下10%，C50及以上8%8有机物含量（碎卵石）用比色法试验，颜色不应深于标准色9硫化物及硫酸盐含量0.5%10Cl-含量0.02%11碱活性砂浆棒膨胀率应小于0.10%12岩石抗压强度与混凝土强度等级之比不应小于1