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1、翻译练习 1.I am no drinker, nor smoker. 1.我既不喝酒, 也不抽烟。 2.The thief made a trembling confession of his wrongdoing. 2.小偷战战兢兢地坦白了自己干的坏事。,3.He has long been an enemy of stilted and pretentious English. 3.他一向坚决反对矫揉造作的英语。,4. The sailors swarmed into a laughing and cheering ring around the two men. 水手们蜂拥而至, 大声
2、笑着, 兴高采烈地将两人围了起来。,反译,所谓反译，是指突破原文形式的束缚，变换语气，把原文中肯定的表达形式译成否定形式，把原文中否定的表达形式译成肯定形式。,采用反译法一方面是为了更加有效地传递原文的信息，另一方面是由于不能按照原文的语气和表达形式直译原文。,有时候, 照字面翻译会造成文句不通，因此需要“正说反译”。 Please keep the fire burning. “请保持火燃烧”, “别让火灭了”。,Hey, its late. Where is Tom? Hes still in bed. 他还没有起床。 -Are you not going tomorrow? - No,
3、Im not going. 是的，我不去。,1.原文为肯定，译文采用否定,Such a chance was denied me. 我没有得到这样一个机会。 The first bombs missed the target. 第一批炸弹没有击中目标。 While colder than usual, the weather held. 尽管较平常冷些，天气（保持）没变。,The explanation is pretty thin. 这个解释相当不充实。 If he had kept his temper, the negotiation would probably have been a
4、 success. 要是他没发脾气，谈判很可能就已经成功了。,Im at my wits end to keep the children quiet. 我实在没办法让这些孩子安静下来。 The subversion attempts proved predictably futile. 不出所料，颠覆活动证明毫无效果。,Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie out
5、side the area of moral choice. 极端主义者认为，人与动物在各方面都不同，对动物无需考虑道德问题。,Everybody was waiting for her but she was talking to Ms. Zhang while slowly walking out of her classroom. 人人都在等她，而她却一边同张老师说话，一边不紧不慢（不慌不忙）地走出教室。,Miss Mary kept to her room all day. 玛丽成天足不出户。 Its long time since I enjoyed myself so much.
6、好长时间没这么痛快地玩了。,His explanation is far from being satisfactory. 他的解释远不能让人满意。 All the prison guards treated us like dogs. 所有的监狱看守都不把我们当人看待。,As rubber prevents electricity from passing through it，it is used as insulating material 由于橡胶不导电，所以用作绝缘材料。 The average speed of all molecules remains the same so l
7、ong as the temperature is constant 只要温度不变，全部分子的平均速度也就不变。,The signal was shown about the computers being in order 信号表明，计算机没有毛病。 We should stop treating the sea as a dump for human and industrial effluent 我们不应当再把海洋当成人类生活污水和工业污水的垃圾场了。,We should discard the idea that scientific inquiry will ever be comp
8、lete 我们必须明白科学是永无止境的。 There are many other energy sources in store 还有多种其他能源尚未开发。,2. I have read your article. I expected to meet an older man. ( 形容词) 我拜读了你的大作, 没想到你这样年轻。 3. Time is what we want most, but what, alas, many use worst. ( 副词) 时间是我们最缺少的, 但可悲的是, 偏偏许多人最不善于利用。,4. It was beyond his power to si
9、gn such a contract. ( 介词) 他无权签订这种合同。 5. He would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life. ( 连词) 叫他干什么他都愿意, 只要不让他再过以往那种日子就行。,6. One may as well be asleep to read for anything but to improve his mind and morals, and regulate his conduct. ( 短语) 读书如果不是为了培养才德和端正品行, 还不如睡大觉。 7. If it work
10、ed once, it can work twice. ( 句子) 一次得手, 再次不愁。,许多情况, 经过“反说正译”处理的译文读起来更自然, 更能传达出原文的意义,尤其适用于某些特殊句式结构的翻译not. until、no sooner . than、hardly (scarcely) .when (before)、rather than、nothing but、cannot. too、cannot help、cannot but,2. 原文为否定，译文采用肯定,I dont doubt China will be reunited. 我相信中国会统一的。 He never spared
11、himself and so he made me work hard. 他总是拼命干，也让我拼命干。,Dont lose time in posting this letter. ( 动词) 赶快把这封信寄出去。 All the articles are untouchable in the museum. ( 形容词) 博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。,Hitlers undisguised effort to persecute the Jews met with worldwide condemnation. 希特勒对犹太人的露骨迫害行为遭到世界人民的谴责。 He manifested a
12、strong dislike for his fathers business. 他对他父亲的行业表示了强烈的厌恶情绪。,He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. 他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。 Dont make your conclusion before the end of the year. 到年底再下结论吧！,“You will try to tide me over, wont you?” “Wont I!” 你会帮我度过难关，是吗？ 当然！,3. 原文形式肯定、意义否定，译文否定,It was m
13、ore than I could bear. 这个我不能忍受。 The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered. 游击队员宁愿战斗到死，也决不投降。,The last thing I want in this world is to hurt you. 这个世界上我最不愿做的就是伤害你。 Please withhold the document for the time being. 请暂时扣下这份文件。（正译） 请暂时不要发这份文件。（反译）,She would rather have her room painted
14、milk-white than have it painted sky-blue. 她宁可把房间漆成乳白色，也不愿漆 成天蓝色。,In addition to providing a cool sitting place in the open air, a balcony can also protect the window below from the direct glare of the sun. 阳台除了可供人们乘凉以外，还可以保护下面的窗户，使它不受到阳光的直接照射。,双重否定一般可译作肯定, 但实际上问题并非如此简单, 双重否定往往还具有强调的作用。下面是一些较为典型的双重否定
15、译例:,4. 原文双重否定，译文肯定,There can be no shadow without sunshine. 有阳光就有阴影。 没阳光就没有阴影 You cant buy things without money. 没有钱就买不到东西。 有钱才能买东西。,1. There is no rule that has no exception. 凡事都有例外。 2. There is not any advantage without disadvantage. 有一利必有一弊。 3. It never rains but it pours. 不雨则已, 雨必倾盆。,I am not re
16、luctant to accept your proposal. 你的建议我并非不愿接受。 He was nothing if not a hypocrite. 他完全是个虚伪的人。,“You are too beautiful and gifted not to make me fall in love with you!” “你太美丽太多才了，我怎能不爱你！” There is no story without coincidence. 无巧不成书。,5. 原文含有否定形式的惯用语，要根据实际情况进行翻译,You cant be too careful when you drive a c
17、ar. 开车时怎么小心也不为过。 开车时，越小心越好。,She cant help laughing when she heard the funny story. 听到这个有趣的故事，她情不自禁的笑了。 Sodium is never found uncombined in nature 自然界中的钠被发现都处于化合状态。,Until recently people were not interested in particular genes 人们最近才开始对特定基因感兴趣。,Many scientists are not happy about what modern man is do
18、ing to his environment 许多科学家对现代人对环境所做的一切感到忧虑。,6、正反皆可 这类情况需根据上下文、汉语表达和译文语气的需要, 译为肯定式或否定式。 1. Im new to the work. 干这活我是生手。 我不熟悉这工作。 2. He is free with his money. 他花钱大手大脚。 他从不吝惜钱。,4. The station is no distance at all. 车站近在咫尺。 车站一点儿也不远。 5. Its no less than a fraud. 这简直是一场骗局。 这无异于一场骗局。,6. The criminal is
19、 still at large. 罪犯仍逍遥法外。 罪犯还未捉拿归案。 7. The works of art were left intact, the money gone. 艺术品还在, 钱却不见了。 艺术品原封未动, 钱却不翼而飞。,7 、否定的陷阱 英语中的否定可分4 种: 完全否定(带no、nothing、none 等词语) 、半否定(带hardly、scarcely 等词语) 、部分否定(带有not all、not every等词语) 及其它带否定意义的词语(如fail、without等) 。,英语一些否定结构如果按字面意义理解很容易出错, 这些结构我们称为“否定的陷阱”。下面是
20、几个有代表性的结构: 1. not . too ( 怎么也不) 1) You cannot be too careful in proofreading. 校对时, 越仔细越好。,2) I shall never be able to stress too much for your kindness. 不管我怎么感谢你, 都不足以报恩于万一。 3) The importance of this conference cannot be overestimated. 这次会议的重要性无论怎么强调也不过分。,2. all /every . not ( 并非都) 此结构往往容易与汉语中的“ 都不”
21、( none of) 相混淆。一般说来, 英语中的all not 和not all 的意思一样, 应视为部分否定。 不过在有些情况下, 尤其是在科技英语中, all not 逐渐有了none of 的含义, 需根据上下文或逻辑关系译出原文的意思。,All that glitters is not gold. 发光的不都是金子。 All cities did not look alike as they do today. 过去的城市并不都像今天这样座座相似。,All these various losses, great as they are, do not in any way contr
22、adict the law of conservation of energy. 所有这些各种形式的损失尽管很大, 却都和能量守恒定律无任何矛盾。,All other sources of heat besides the sun would not raise the temperature of the earth 1/4 degree F. 除太阳外, 所有其他热源都不能把地球的温度升高1/ 4 华氏度。,3. not . because ( 并非因为) The engine didnt stop because the fuel was finished. 引擎不停止运转是因为燃料耗尽
23、了。 引擎并不是因为燃料耗尽而停止了运转。 暗示引擎本身有问题。,1) Dont scamp your work because you are pressed for time. 不要因为时间紧而敷衍塞责。 2) Africa is not kicking out western imperialism in order to invite other new masters. 非洲将西方帝国主义踢出国门并不是为了请进其他新主子。,In that city, we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews. 我们在那个城市从
24、未因为是犹太人而受到歧视。,考研翻译正反交替实例 1. But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.( 2006) 但是, 他的首要任务不是考虑支配自己行为的道德标准, 就如同不能指望商人专注于探讨商业规范一样。 正说反译, 将any mo
25、re than 译作“不能指望”,2. They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. (2006) 他们可能教得很好, 而且不仅仅挣薪水, 但他们大多数人却很少或根本没有对涉及人的道德判断问题进行独立思考。 正说反译, 将more than 译作“不仅仅”,3. Until these issues are
26、resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems. (02) (如果) 这些问题得不到解决, (研究) 行为的技术手段就会继续受排斥, 解决我们问题的唯一方式可能也随之继续受排斥。 正说反译, 将until 译作“如果得不到”,There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical wo
27、rk in general or to the research techniques appropriate on the various branches of historical inquiry. (99) (历史研究)方法论是指一般历史研究中的特有概念, 还是指历史研究中适合众多具体领域的研究方法, 人们对此看法各异。 反说正译, no agreement译“看法各异”,5. Galileos greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on
28、the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth. (94) 伽利略最光辉的业绩在于1609年他第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空, 以证实行星围绕太阳旋转, 而不是围绕地球旋转。 正说反译, 将rather than 译作“ 而不是”,6. The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human
29、mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.( 1993) 科学研究的方法只不过是人类主要思维活动的表达方式, 即对一切现象进行推理并给以精确而严谨解释的活动。 反说正译, 将nothing but 译作“只不过”,7. On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the chil
30、d can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed. (92) 总的来说, 得出这一结论是有一定把握的, 但必须具备两个条件: 能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他相比较的其他孩子的态度相同; 他也没有因为缺乏其他孩子已掌握的有关知识而受过惩罚。 否定转移, 将was not punished 译作“没有因为而受过惩罚”,