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1、,猜测词义,Guessing meanings,词义猜测题常用的提问方式有： 1. The word “” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _. 2.The word “” is most likely to mean _. 3. What do you think the expression “” stands for? 4. The underlined word “” means _. ,Lead-in(导入),1. Definition 定义法,3. Similarity 相似法,2. Contrast 对
2、比法,4. Cause and effect 因果法,5. Example 例举法,8. Common Sense 普通常识,6. Word Formation 构词法,猜测词义,7. Context 上下文,It will be very hard but very brittle that is , it will break easily.,1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。,(adj. 易碎的, 脆的),The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a ye
3、ar.,(n. 牧羊人),信号词：be, be called, means, be defined as ,that is, that is to say,in other words,- (破折号)等. A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood. Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.,蚊子,沙漠
4、,Ex. 1 A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. They are vertebrates,that is ,animals have backbones. The period of adolescence,i.e.the period between childhood and adulthood ,may be long or
5、 short.,木匠,动物学家,脊椎动物,青春期,“Getting the cold shoulder” means that some one is actually in a way that makes you feel unwanted. The very words create a picture: You can imagine a friend turning away so that, instead of a warm greeting, you receive only his shoulder a “cold” shoulder.,The expression “get
6、ting the cold shoulder” means _.,being treated rudely by paying no attention to you,B. greeting you friendly,C. greeting you by rubbing shoulders with you,D. feeding you cold meat,2. Contrast 对比法： 利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。 表示对比的信号词有yet, but,while ,though however, otherwise, on the one handon the oth
7、er hand, for one thingfor another thing, instead of 等。,Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.,污秽的,节约的,Ex. 2 In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now,
8、 however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.,混乱,无辜的,天生的,Most of us agreed, however, Bill disse
9、nted.,She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.,A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly,A,(v. 不同意),3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。,Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not
10、be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.,(adj. 巨大的;极大的),当被猜的词前后有信号词: or, like , asas, the same as等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词义了。 The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as
11、 plump as mother, and much shorter.,推迟,圆胖的,Some of US looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard，rocking the sheets to the fight or left while we conjured up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. (2009广东高
12、考) 47. The underlined phrase in paragraph 3 most probably means _. A. formed an idea for B. made an outline for C. made some space forD. chose some colors for,上下句是SomeOthers句式，while we conjured up our designs的对应部分是while deep in thought，可见conjured up的意思是“思考，想象”答案为A，,4. Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原
13、因。,One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.,That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.,(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的),(adj. 大的),因果关系 信号词: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, sothat, suchthat, thus Rubber can be made to stretch more than n
14、ine times its normal length because it is very elastic. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.,弹性的,混浊的,Signal words: because,so, suchthat,sothat,ect.,When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the
15、 customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective.(04广东高考题） 65. The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off” (in para.3) means that the colours_ Attracted the customers strongly Had weak effects on the customers Tricked the customers into shopping Caused the custom
16、ers to lose interest,D,5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的信号词有for instance, for example, such as: such, like, especially, include, consist of 等,Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions.,(n. 电器用具),Cars must ha
17、ve certain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.,家禽,装置,6. Word Formation 构词法： 英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基
18、本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。,中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有： super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的) micro-（极微小的） re- （再，反复） mis-（误，恶） im-（不） un-（不，非） in-（不，非） non-（不，非） -able（能的 ） -less（不，无） -wards (向),superman microwave (超人) nonnatural mispronouce (非自然的) homeless nonsmoker (无家可归的) rebuild eastwards (重建),Can you guess the righ
19、t meanings?,(微波),(非烟民),(发错音),(向东),Eg. Im going to buy a microbus.,micro+bus 微型公共汽车,This possibility was unforeseeable，because it almost never happened.,un+foresee+able 不可预见的,Today the sport is popular in Latin America, Asia and, unfortunately, in some parts of the United States-even though it is unl
20、awful in almost every state.,What does the word “unlawful” possibly mean?,A. allowed by the law,B. in accordance with the law,C. against the law,D. having nothing to do with the law,Prefix (前缀） usualunusual happy-unhappy,1) He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I
21、 understand anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident. A. see clearly B. understand C. expect,B,7. Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。,A,(n. 猫头鹰),A,(n. 猿),8. Common sense 普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。,在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英
22、美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。,When a doctor performs an operation on a patient， he usually gives an anesthetic to make him unconscious，because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.,n. 麻醉剂(药),When a doctor performs an operatio
23、n on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water. Metal expands when heate
24、d and contracts when cooled.,麻药,波纹,膨胀,冷缩,One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever. Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.,症状,易挥发的,颤抖,Inquiry-based Activi
25、ties (I) 探究活动 (1),They traveled a long way , at last got to a castle, a large building in old times.? 2. The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year.? 3. We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week.? 4. She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arriv
26、ed in the middle of her first class.?,Practice,1.同位法。同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。,They traveled a long way , at last got to a castle, a large building in old times .,2.定义法。定语从句中who looks after sheep 就表明herdsman 的词义为“牧人“。,The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about
27、 650yuan a year .,3.同位法。两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。,We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week .,4.对比法。but 表转折，因此but 前后的意思是相反的。后半句的意思是她今天“第一节上了一半才来“，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时“的结论。,She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class .,小试
28、身手,Alberts success after much effort and practice proves the value of persistence. A. time B. competition C. perseverance 2. All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key. A. 成功的 B. 徒劳的 C.有效的 D. 匆促的 3. Though Mr. Smith has been manager for just 3 months, he has a
29、lready made much greater achievements than his predecessors. A. 上级 B. 前任 C. 同事 D. 下级,祝,功,成,你,!,4. She didnt hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading. A. 心不在焉的 B.紧张的 C. 全神贯注的 D.睡意浓的 5. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quite sedate. A. pretty B
30、. calm C. protective D. energetic 6. He is a resolute man. Once he makes up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. strong B. firm C. kind D. clever,祝,功,成,你,!,7. The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water. A. became sweeter B. became red C. became dry 8. Just for fun
31、, they decided to try a very circuitous country road instead of the more direct highway. A. direct B. indirect C. straight 9. That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. A. small B. large C. dull,祝,功,成,你,!,Can you guess the correct meanings of the followi
32、ng words? - 1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A. 雪山 B. 树枝 C. 冰河 D. 冰 2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever 3. Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton Unive
33、rsity far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works. A. 租用 B. 借出 C. 购买 D. 参观,C,A,B,4. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A. work B. study C. name D. interest 5. The old woman has a strange hab
34、it to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady. A. 爱猫的 B. 古怪的 C. 闲不住 D. 动物保护主义者 6. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. A. 便士 B. 温饱 C. 非常贫困 D. 虚弱,A,B,C,Inquiry-based Activities (II) 探究活动 (2),Passage 1 Tens of thousands o
35、f baby penguins face starvation after two giant icebergs broke off the Antarctic ice sheet and blocked their parents road to the feeding areas. Adeline and emperor penguins nesting on the Ross island rookeries are now forced to walk long distances over the icebergs to obtain food for their chicks, b
36、orn during the November-December breeding season. What does the underlined word “obtain” probably mean? A. eat B. get C. sell D. buy,B,Passage 2 A mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are
37、 disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(宗系), and his tribe. The word “disgrace” means _ in this text. A. honor B. endanger C. proud D. shame,D,Passage 3 The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished. A
38、 few members of the Senate(参议院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever. The underlined word “banished” mean_. A. killed by stoning B. sent away C. imprisoned D. punished by whipping,B,Passage 4 My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed t
39、he cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks. It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on
40、 time every day and work as hard as I could. What does the underlined word “tedious” probably mean? A. interesting B. tiresome C. relaxing D. challenging,B,Passage 5 Although he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able to steal money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the b
41、ank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future. The word “jeopardize” means _ in this text. A. protect B. endanger C. continue D. stop,B,Passage 6 After a four-year relationship with a major fortune 100 company beginning as a sales trainee and ending as a regional sales manager, I left the compan
42、y at the height of my career. Many people were astounded that I would leave after earning a six-figure income. And they asked why I would risk everything for a dream. The underlined word “astounded” means _. A. very sad B. very sorry C. very pleased D. greatly surprised,D,同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离语境。有些常用词在特
43、定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。,教师点评,1. Definition 定义法,3. Similarity 相似法,2. Contrast 对比法,4. Cause and effect 因果法,5. Example 例举法,8. Common Sense 普通常识,6. Word Formation 构词法,猜测词义,7. Context 上下文,Summary,Homework: 运用今天所学到的解题方法， 完成印发的猜测词义练习。,Thank you for listening!,Any comment is welcome.,Bye!,