1、2022年考博英语-江苏大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题David is trying to get that promotion by hook or by crook; he even spread rumors defaming other candidates.问题1选项A.scaringB.smearingC.squashingD.startling【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. scaring使害怕；使恐惧 B. smearing诽谤；弄脏C. squashing挤压 D. startling使惊吓；使吓一跳【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息spre
2、ad rumors（散发谣言）可推知，defaming是指“诽谤”的意思，B项词义与之相近，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项词义不符合句中所选词汇。【句意】大卫为了得到提升不择手段；他甚至散布诽谤其他候选人的谣言。2. 不定项选择题It is often claimed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. We live in a consumer society where there is an enormous demand for commercial products of all kinds. Mo
3、reover, an increase in industrial production is considered to be one solution to the problem of mass unemployment. Such an increase presumes an abundant and cheap energy supply. Many people believe that nuclear energy provides an inexhaustible and economical source of power and chat it is therefore
4、essential for an industrially developing society. There are a number of other advantages in the use of nuclear energy. Firstly, nuclear power, except for accidents, is clean. A further advantage is that a nuclear power station can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative
5、staff. The nuclear reactor represents an enormous step in our scientific evolution and, whatever the anti-nuclear group says, it is wrong to expect a return to more primitive sources of fuel. However, opponents of nuclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a direct threat not only to
6、 the environment but also to civil liberties.Furthermore, it is questionable whether ultimately nuclear power is a cheap source of energy. There have, for example, been very costly accidents in America, in Britain and, of course, in Russia. The possibility of increases in the cost of uranium in addi
7、tion to the cost of greater safety provisions could price nuclear power out of the market. In the long run, environmentalists argue, nuclear energy wastes valuable resources and disturbs the ecology to an extent which could bring about the destruction of the human race. Thus, if we wish to survive,
8、we cannot afford nuclear energy. In spite of the case against nuclear energy outlined above, nuclear energy programs are expanding. Such an expansion assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. However, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue. Having wei
9、ghed up the arguments on both sides, it seems there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than nuclear power.1. The writers attitude toward nuclear energy is _.2. According to the opponents of nuclear energy, which of the following is TRUE of nuclear energy?3. Some peo
10、ple claim that nuclear energy is essential because _.4. Which of the following statements does the writer support?5. The function of the last sentence is to _.问题1选项A.indifferentB.favorableC.tolerantD.negative问题2选项A.Primitive.B.Exhaustible.C.Cheap.D.Unsafe.问题3选项A.it provides a perfect solution to mas
11、s unemploymentB.it represents an enormous step forward in our scientific evolutionC.it can meet the growing demand of an industrially developing societyD.nuclear power stations can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff问题4选项A.The demand for commercial products wil
12、l not necessarily keep increasing.B.Nuclear energy is something we cannot do without.C.Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons.D.Greater safety provisions can bring about the expansion of nuclear energy programs.问题5选项A.advance the final argumentB.reflect the writers at
13、titudeC.reverse previously expressed thoughtsD.show the disadvantages of nuclear power【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.【选项释义】1. The writers attitude toward nuclear energy is _. 1. 作者对核能的态度是_。A. indifferent A. 漠不关心的B. favorable B. 支持的C. tolerant C. 宽容的D. negative D. 否定的【考查点】观点态度题。【解题思路】根据第二段首句“此外，核
14、能最终是否是一种廉价的能源也是个问题”，和最后一句“权衡双方的论点后，似乎有充分的经济和生态理由采用核能以外的能源”可知，作者主张利用其他能源，而不是核能，从中可以看出作者对核能持否定的态度，该题选择D项“否定的”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“漠不关心的”、B项“支持的”和C项“宽容的”根据解题思路可知，这三项属于曲解原文。2.【选项释义】2. According to the opponents of nuclear energy, which of the following is TRUE of nuclear energy? 2. 根据核能的反对者，关于核能，下列哪项是正确的？A. P
15、rimitive. A. 原始的B. Exhaustible. B. 会枯竭的C. Cheap. C. 便宜的D. Unsafe. D. 不安全的【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第一段最后一句“然而，核能的反对者指出，核电站不仅给环境带来直接威胁，也给公民自由带来直接威胁”可知，核能反对者认为核电站不仅对环境，而且对公民自由都是一种直接的威胁，即核能不安全，故该题选择D项“不安全的”。【干扰项排除】A项“原始的”、B项“会枯竭的”和C项“便宜的”不是反对者的观点，这三项属于曲解原文。3.【选项释义】3. Some people claim that nuclear energy is e
16、ssential because _. 3. 一些人认为核能是必不可少的，因为_。A. it provides a perfect solution to mass unemployment A. 它为大规模失业提供了一个完美的解决方案B. it represents an enormous step forward in our scientific evolution B. 它代表着我们科学发展的巨大进步C. it can meet the growing demand of an industrially developing society C. 它能满足工业发展中社会日益增长的需求D
17、 nuclear power stations can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff D. 核电站可以由相对较少的技术和管理人员来运行和维护【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第一段第五句“许多人认为核能提供了一种取之不尽的、经济的能源，因此它对一个工业发展的社会是必不可少的”可知，核能是社会工业发展所必需的，可以提供取之不尽且经济的能源，C项“它能满足工业发展中社会日益增长的需求”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“它为大规模失业提供了一个完美的解决方案”，解决大规模失业问题
18、的一个途径是提高工业生产，而不是核能，该项属于曲解原文；B项“它代表着我们科学发展的巨大进步”和D项“核电站可以由相对较少的技术和管理人员来运行和维护”是支持使用核能者认为的核能的优点，与题干不构成因果关系，这两项属于张冠李戴。4.【选项释义】4. Which of the following statements does the writer support? 4. 作者支持以下哪一种说法？A. The demand for commercial products will not necessarily keep increasing. A. 对商业产品的需求不一定会持续增长。B. Nu
19、clear energy is something we cannot do without. B. 我们离不开核能。C. Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons. C. 从经济和生态的角度来看，铀是一种很好的能源。D. Greater safety provisions can bring about the expansion of nuclear energy programs. D. 更好的安全条款可以带来更多的核能项目。【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】第二段倒数第二、三句提到“这种
20、扩张是以工业生产和消费者需求的持续增长为前提的。然而，这种增长能否持续还是个疑问。”从中可知，工业生产和消费者需求的增长是否能够持续，还令人怀疑，所以A项“对商业产品的需求不一定会持续增长”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“我们离不开核能”是支持使用核能者的观点，不是作者的观点，该项属于张冠李戴；C项“从经济和生态的角度来看，铀是一种很好的能源”和D项“更好的安全条款可以带来更多的核能项目”，根据第二段第三句“铀的成本可能会增加，再加上加强安全措施的成本，这可能会以高昂的价格将核电挤出市场”可知，这两项与原文相反，属于反向干扰。5.【选项释义】5. The function of the last
21、 sentence is to _. 5. 最后一句的作用是_。A. advance the final argument A. 提出最后的论点B. reflect the writers attitude B. 反映作者的态度C. reverse previously expressed thoughts C. 颠倒之前表达的想法D. show the disadvantages of nuclear power D. 展示核能的缺点【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至最后一句“权衡双方的论点后，似乎有充分的经济和生态理由采用核能以外的能源”，可知文章最后一句表明了作者的观点，即
22、作者认为从经济和生态环境方面来考虑，可以利用其他形式的能源，而非核能，B项“反映作者的态度”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“提出最后的论点”和D项“展示核能的缺点”都不是最后一句话的作用，这两项属于曲解原文；C项“颠倒之前表达的想法”，第二段第一句就指出“核能最终是否是一种廉价的能源也是个问题”，可知作者并没有颠倒之前的看法，该项属于反向干扰。3. 单选题The girl was so _ that they could fool her easily.问题1选项A.incredibleB.credibleC.credulousD.creditable【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. incr
23、edible不能相信的；难以置信的 B. credible可信的；可靠的C. credulous轻信的；易受骗的 D. creditable值得赞扬的；应当认可的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据后半句they could fool her easily（他们很容易就能骗过她）可知，这个女孩很容易上当受骗，故该题选择C项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。【句意】那个女孩很容易上当，他们很容易就能骗过她。4. 单选题In business to-business markets, sales of some software products languish because
24、not enough independent software vendors write applications.问题1选项A.advertiseB.lastC.declineD.dominate【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. advertise（为）做广告；登广告 B. last持续C. decline减少；下降 D. dominate支配；控制【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息because not enough independent software vendors write applications（由于没有足够多的独立软件供应商编写应用程序）可推知，sales
25、of some software products languish指的是软件产品的销量下降，languish在句中表示“下降”，C项词义与之相近，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合划线单词词义。【句意】在企业对企业的市场中，由于没有足够多的独立软件供应商编写应用程序，一些软件产品的销售受到影响。5. 单选题Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of _ standards.问题1选项A.equivalentB.alikeC.uniformD.likely【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A
26、 equivalent（价值、数量、意义、重要性等）相等的，相同的 B. alike相像；十分相似C. uniform一致的；统一的 D. likely可能的；预料的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据句子可知，most inns are less costly than hotels（大多数小旅馆比酒店便宜）用到了比较级，而比较通常是在同等的条件下进行，所以空格处应该表示“相同的”，该题选择A项符合句意。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】尽管他们的服务很好，大多数小旅馆比同等标准的酒店便宜。6. 单选题Most environmental _ from climate cha
27、nges to freshwater and forest habitat losshave become markedly worse.问题1选项A.symptomsB.highlightsC.indicatorsD.symbols【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. symptoms症状；征兆 B. highlights最好（或最精彩、最激动人心）的部分C. indicators指示信号 D. symbols象征；符号【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】空格后用了破折号，说明破折号的内容是补充解释空格处所要填的名词，根据破折号内的内容“从气候变化到淡水和森林栖息地的丧失”可知，这是环境恶化的征兆
28、故空格处表示“征兆”，该题选择A项符合句意。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】大多数环境症状从气候变化到淡水和森林栖息地的丧失已经明显恶化。7. 单选题The talks have become _ with both sides refusing to compromise any further.问题1选项A.irrationalB.irreconcilableC.irreparableD.irreplaceable【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. irrational不合逻辑的；没有道理的 B. irreconcilable矛盾的；不可调和的C. irreparable无
29、法弥补的；不能修复的 D. irreplaceable（因贵重或独特）不能替代的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息with both sides refusing to compromise any further（双方都拒绝进一步妥协）可知，这次谈判是不可调和的，B项符合句意，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】由于双方都拒绝进一步妥协，谈判变得不可调和。8. 不定项选择题Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quar
30、ter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-cit
31、y newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circ
32、ulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War 2, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the Publications in which it appeare
33、d. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviews who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted t
34、o know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define journalism as a term of contem
35、pt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifeti
36、me, though, he was also one of Englands foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on
37、music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Carduss criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover
38、 the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.1. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that _.2. Newspaper reviews in England before WWII were characterized by _.3. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?4. What can be learned about Cardus accor
39、ding to the last two paragraphs?5. What would be the best title for the text?问题1选项A.arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapersB.English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviewsC.high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readersD.young readers doubt the suitability of cri
40、ticism on dailies问题2选项A.free themesB.casual styleC.elaborate layoutD.radical viewpoints问题3选项A.It is writers duty to fulfill journalistic goals.B.It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.C.Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.D.Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.问
41、题4选项A.His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.B.His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.C.His style caters largely to modern specialists.D.His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.问题5选项A.Newspapers of the Good Old Days.B.The Lost Horizon in Newspapers.C.Mournfu
42、l Decline of Journalism.D.Prominent Critics in Memory.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【选项释义】1. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that _. 1. 第1段和第2段表明_。A. arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers A. 艺术评论已经从大城市的报纸上消失了B. English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews
43、B. 英语报纸过去具有更多的艺术评论C. high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers C. 高质量的报纸拥有大量的读者D. young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies D. 年轻读者怀疑日报上的评论是否合适【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第一段内容“在过去四分之一世纪中，英语报纸上所发生的最有影响力的变化的可能是艺术报道的范围和严肃性的不可阻挡的下降（inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness o
44、f their arts coverage）”，和第二段内容“对于40岁以下的普通读者来说，很难想象这样一个时代，即大多数大城市的报纸上都能找到高质量的艺术评论。然而，在20世纪出版的大量最重要的批评文集中，很大一部分是由报纸评论组成的（consisted in large part of newspaper reviews）。如今读到这样的书的人不禁会对下面这个事实感到惊讶：这些评论之前竟然被认为适合在面向大众的日报上刊登。”从中可知，这两段讨论的主要是英语报纸的艺术评论，从第一段中的inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of the
45、ir arts coverage（艺术报道的范围和严肃性的不可阻挡的下降）和第二段中的consisted in large part of newspaper reviews（很大一部分是由报纸评论组成的）可以看出，文章前两段是在强调以前的报纸关于艺术评论的数量很多，B项“英语报纸过去具有更多的艺术评论”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“艺术评论已经从大城市的报纸上消失了”，原文只是说decline，没有说消失，该项属于曲解原文；C项“高质量的报纸拥有大量的读者”没有提到，属于无中生有；D项“年轻读者怀疑日报上的评论是否合适”，从第二段最后一句中的marvel at the fact（感到惊讶）可
46、知，marvel是大为惊讶的意思，常含赞叹之意，表明读者其实是赞同这些评论可以在报纸上刊登，该项中的doubt与marvel意思相反，该项属于反向干扰。2.【选项释义】2. Newspaper reviews in England before WWII were characterized by _. 2. 英国二战前的报纸评论以_为特征。A. free themes A. 自由主题B. casual style B. 随意体C. elaborate layout C. 精心布局D. radical viewpoints D. 激进的观点【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第三段第一句“我们甚至远离了20世纪初到第二次世界大战前夕在英国发表的无重点的报纸评论（the unfocused newspaper reviews）”，从中可知英国二战前的报纸评论是以unfocused为重点，而unfocused的意思是“not concentrated at one point or upon one objective（不专注于一点或一个目标）”，也就是说主题没有唯一性，A项“自由主题”中的free的英文解释是unrestricted，是unfocused的同义替换，故该题选择A项符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“随意体”，根
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