1、2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题After Sunday nights concert, Steve and Otis had a loud argument with the band director, which （ ） first Otiss departure, then Steves.问题1选项A.contributedB.highlightedC.procrastinatedD.precipitated【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。contribute “贡献”；highlight “突出，强调”；procrastinate
2、耽搁”；precipitate “使坏事等突然发生”。句意：星期天晚上的音乐会之后，史蒂夫和奥蒂斯与乐队指挥大吵了一架，最终使史蒂夫和奥蒂斯突然离开。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题An architect of Israeli settlements in the occupied lands, Mr. Sharon gained international （ ） over the years for harsh tactics against the Palestinians over （ ） Israel ruled.问题1选项A.fame . whichB.infamy . which
3、C.infamy . whomD.fame . whom【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析和语法。fame “名声”； infamy “声名狼藉”。根据句子结构，可知空格中应该填入关系代词引导定语从句，修饰前面的名词Palestinians，因为先行词是人，所以关系代词选用whom，句意：Mr. Sharon因为对由以色列人统治的巴基斯坦人的残酷手段在国际上声名狼藉。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题Reaching a deal on tax reform would be a huge undertaking, （ ） with potential political pitfalls that c
4、ould doom it.问题1选项A.triteB.rifeC.revelingD.trifling【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。trite “陈腐的，平庸的”；rife “普遍的，流行的”；reveling “陶醉的”；trifling“微不足道的”。句意：就税收改革达成协议是一项艰巨的任务，通常会充满潜在的政治风险，可能会使其失败。又根据固定搭配rife with“充满，充斥着”。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题We are in the midst of a great investigation of those environmental questions. We do the
5、Earth and ourselves the greatest （ ） in imagining that addressing them lies outside our lives and choices.问题1选项A.gratitudeB.benefitsC.disserviceD.favor【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。gratitude“感激”；benefits“利益，好处”；disservice“伤害，帮倒忙”；favor“喜爱，赞赏”。句意：我们正在对那些环境问题展开全面的调查。我们想到地球，确实会发现我们对它和环境带来了巨大的伤害。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题For som
6、e leaders in the tea party movement, the ongoing skirmish over whether presidential contender Mitt Romney should speak at a Tea Party Express rally in New Hampshire on Monday is （ ）but an （ ） quarrel.问题1选项A.anything internecineB.something interestingC.anything intermediaryD.something interagency【答案】
7、A【解析】固定搭配和形容词词义辨析。根据固定搭配“anything but”，选项B和D可排除。internecine “两败俱伤的”； interagency “跨部门的”。句意：关于总统候选人Mitt Romney周一是否应该在新罕布什尔州的茶党集会上发表讲话的争论，绝对不是一场两败俱伤的争吵。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题The Cuban government released the American contractor Alan Gross on “humanitarian grounds” on Wednesday after five years of captivity, a
8、n American government official said, （ ） a potential thaw in decades of tense relations with the United States.问题1选项A.to pave the way forB.paving the way forC.paving the way toD.to pave the way to【答案】B【解析】语法和固定搭配。根据题意，空格前一句提到的事情是空格后事情的原因，前后存在因果关系，所以空格中应该填入一个非谓语动词充当结果状语，选用动词的现在分词形式作结果状语，可排除选项A和D。根据固定
9、搭配pave the way for“为.铺好道路，为.做好准备”。句意：为与美国几十年关系的缓解做好了准备。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题The desire for friendship is always with us but we do not always have friends. In fact, the first thing that our own experiences, （1） many of the great philosophers, tell us about true friendship is that it is very rare. A lot of o
10、ur associations seem like friendships at first, only to weaken and disappear（2）. These lack what might be called the “prerequisites”. In trying to （3） what they are, we must begin by clearly distinguishing between relationships that are accidental and temporary and （4） that are essential and endurin
11、g.Aristotle offers us substantial help here by pointing out that there are three kinds of friendship based on utility, on pleasure, and on virtue.The friendship of utility and pleasure go together and are（5） the most common. Everyone has experienced them. People are “friendly” to their business asso
12、ciates, neighbors, the members of their car pool, and（6） casual acquaintances on trains, boats and airplanes. This kind of civility is, （7）, a form of friendship, the friendship of utility, of mutual convenience. （8）, people are “friendly” to their golfing partners, to others at a cocktail party, an
13、d to acquaintances who entertain them. This is also a form of friendship, the friendship of （9）, of mutual enjoyment. It could be argued that these sorts of friendship appear to be based upon something（10） reciprocal altruism: we are friendly （11） because cooperating in the office is mutually benefi
14、cial in terms of （12）: we like to shop with friends because it is mutually beneficial in terms of increasing the pleasure.These low forms of friendship are not necessarily bad,（13） they are （14）. One of their defects （15） the fact that they depend on and vary with circumstances. This is why they qui
15、ckly arise and just as quickly disappear. （16）, when the Book of Proverbs says, “A friend loves at all times”, it is referring to （17） form of friendship that does not depend on circumstances. In order to go beyond the effect of time and accident, it must be based on the inherent qualities of the in
16、dividuals involved. A friendship（18） cannot be a passing friendship.True friendship, then, （19） (although it often includes) both utility and pleasure. For Aristotle, such a friendship must be based on a good moral character. Only in that way can it last. Further, it must develop （20）, since it firs
17、t depends on familiarity, knowledge, and theneventually mutual trust.问题1选项A.in spite ofB.exceptC.as well asD.besides问题2选项A.in timeB.on timeC.in no timeD.at one time问题3选项A.set downB.set upC.set onD.set against问题4选项A.theseB.thoseC.thingsD.others问题5选项A.in doubtB.no doubtC.for doubtD.at doubt问题6选项A.such
18、B.theirC.evenD.the问题7选项A.in equal degreeB.to an extreme degreeC.by degreesD.to some degree问题8选项A.SecondlyB.LikelyC.EventuallyD.Similarly问题9选项A.utilityB.pleasureC.virtueD.trust问题10选项A.rather thanB.rather likeC.such asD.as such问题11选项A.in workB.in the worksC.at workD.off work问题12选项A.having done thingsB
19、getting things doneC.doing thingsD.getting things to do问题13选项A.thoughB.sinceC.butD.therefore问题14选项A.inadequateB.accidentalC.essentialD.temporary问题15选项A.results fromB.results inC.results toD.results by问题16选项A.By the same tokenB.By accidentC.By comparisonD.By contrast问题17选项A.a highB.a higherC.the hig
20、hestD.the问题18选项A.having anchoredB.anchoredC.so anchoringD.so anchored问题19选项A.excludesB.includesC.possessesD.surpasses问题20选项A.quicklyB.slowlyC.moderatelyD.continually【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B第6题:C第7题:D第8题:D第9题:B第10题:C第11题:C第12题:B第13题:A第14题:A第15题:A第16题:A第17题:B第18题:D第19题:D第20题:B【解析】（1）固定搭配和连词。in sp
21、ite of “尽管”；except “除了.之外”；as well as “也，和一样”；besides “除了.之外还有”。句意：事实上，根据我们自己的经历，以及许多伟大的哲学家告诉我们真正友谊是非常罕见的。选项C符合题意。（2）固定搭配。in time “及时”；on time “准时”；in no time “立刻”；at one time “曾经一度”。句意：们之间的许多联系起初看起来像是友谊，它们会慢慢减弱甚至消失。选项A符合题意。（3）动词短语辨析。set down “放下，看作”；set up “建立”；set on “唆使，开始”；set against “反对”。句意：在试
22、图与反抗它们的时候，我们必须首先清楚地辨别。选项A符合题意。（4）语法题。根据句子中的短语betweenand，可知空格中的内容要和上文的relationships有并列关系，所以选用代词those代指前面的relationships。选项B符合题意。（5）固定搭配。in doubt “可怀疑的”；no doubt “无疑地”，没有C和D项的搭配，可排除。句意：功利和快乐在友谊中是相辅相成的，这毫无疑问是最普遍的现象。选项B符合题意。（6）上下文语义理解。such “这个”； their “他们的”；even “甚至”；the定冠词表特指。句意：人们对他们的商业伙伴、邻居、合伙用车的成员，甚至
23、火车上、船上和飞机上的泛泛之交都很“友好”。前后两句存在递进关系。选项C符合题意。（7）固定搭配。in equal degree “在同等程度上”；to an extreme degree “非常”；by degrees “渐渐地”；to some degree “在一定程度上”。句意： 在某种程度上，这种礼貌是友谊的一种形式，是实用的友谊，是为了互相方便。选项D符合题意。（8）副词词义辨析。secondly “其次”；likely“很可能”；eventually “最终”；similarly “相似地”。句意：同样，人们对打高尔夫球的伙伴、酒会上的其他人以及招待他们的熟人都很“友好”。选项D
24、符合题意。（9）名词词义辨析。utility “实用”；pleasure “乐趣”；virtue “美德”；trust “信任”。句意：这也是友谊的一种形式，充满快乐的友谊，彼此相互享受的友谊。选项B符合题意。（10）固定搭配。rather than “而不是”；rather like “相当喜欢”；such as “例如”；as such “同样地”。句意：可以说，这种友谊似乎是建立在某种基础上的，比如互利主义。选项C符合题意。（11）固定搭配。in work “在完成中”；in the works “正在准备阶段”；at work “在工作”；off work “在休班”。句意：我们在工作
25、中很友好。选项C符合题意。（12）固定搭配。get sth. done “将某事做完”，句意：我们在工作中很友好，因为在办公室里合作有利于工作的完成。选项B符合题意。（13）连词词义辨析。though “尽管，引导让步状语从句”；since “因为，引导原因状语从句”；but “但是，表转折”；therefore “因此，引导结果状语从句”。句意：这些低级形式的友谊不一定是坏的，尽管它们不够好。两句之前存在让步关系。选项A符合题意。（14）形容词词义辨析。inadequate “足够的”；accidental “偶然的”；essential “本质的”；temporary “暂时的”。句意：这
26、些低级形式的友谊不一定是坏的，尽管它们不够好。选项A符合题意。（15）固定搭配。result from “因为，由于”；result in “导致”，没有C和D项的搭配，可排除。句意：它们的缺陷之一是由于它们依赖于环境并随之变化。选项A符合题意。（16）固定搭配。by the same token “出于同样的原因”；by accident “偶然，意外地”；by comparison “相比之下”；by contrast “与之相比”。句意：同样的道理，当箴言说“朋友一直都有爱”。选项A符合题意。（17）语法题。根据文意，空格这句话提到的这种友谊和上文提到的有一形式形成了对比，所以两者形成对
27、比，选用比较级，并且表泛指，用不定冠词a。选项B符合题意。（18）根据句子结构，可知空格应填入非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰前面的名词friendship。句意：如此坚固的友谊是不会消逝的友谊。选项D符合题意。（19）动词词义辨析。excludes “排除，不包括”；includes “包括”；possesses “拥有”；surpasses “超越”。句意：因此，真正的友谊超越(尽管它经常包括)利益和快乐。选项D符合题意。（20）副词词义辨析。quickly “快速地”；slowly “缓慢地”；moderately “适度地”；continually “不断地”。句意：此外，它必须缓慢发展，因
28、为它首先取决于熟悉程度、相识程度，然后最终取决于相互信任。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题A painstaking process of reinventing led to new core courses designed to help students develop global awareness and strengthen their analytical and reasoning abilities, critical reading skills, and writing （ ）.问题1选项A.professionB.performanceC.proficiencyD.pr
29、ogress【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。profession “职业，专业”；performance “性能，绩效”；proficiency “精通，熟练”；progress “进步，发展”。句意：一个艰苦的改造过程带来了新的核心课程，旨在帮助学生发展全球意识，提升他们的分析和推理能力，提高批判性阅读和写作的熟练程度。选项C符合题意。9. 单选题Seller takes the view that women who uncritically adopt philosophical conceptions of knowledge may find themselves saddled w
30、ith consequences that are （ ） their perceptions of the world and their politics.问题1选项A.at odds withB.over the odds forC.against all odds withD.within the odds for【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。at odds with “意见不一致”，没有B、C和D选项的搭配。句意：塞勒认为，那些不加批判地接受哲学知识观念的女性，可能会发现自己背负着与她们对世界和政治的看法不一致的结果。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题The Malaysian gover
31、nment announced in a written statement last week that the policy to restructure society （ ）in 1970 would come to an end by the end of the year.问题1选项A.to formulateB.to be formulatedC.as formulatedD.so as to formulate【答案】C【解析】语法题。根据题意，空格为后置定语，修饰前面的policy，和policy之间存在被动关系，所以选项A和D可排除。to be formulated“将要被
32、制定”，as formulated“已经被制定的”。句意：马来西亚政府上周以书面形式宣布：1970年已经制定的调整社会的政策将于今年年底停止。选项C符合题意。11. 单选题Modem persuasion advertising blossomed as a function of markets that were less competitive by economists standards, and are generally referred to as oligopolies. These are markets where a handful of firms dominate
33、output or sales in the industry, and where they have sufficient market power that they can set the price at which their product sells. The key to an oligopoly is that it is very difficult for newcomers to enter the market, no matter how profitable it may be, because of the power of the existing play
34、ers. Under oligopoly there is strong disincentive to engage in price warfare to expand ones market share, because all the main players are large enough to survive a price war and all it would do is shrink the size of the industry revenue pie that the firms are fighting over. Indeed, the price in an
35、oligopolistic industry will tend to gravitate toward what it would be in a pure monopoly so the contenders are fighting for slices of the largest possible revenue pie. At first blush, this is a pretty accurate picture of the U.S. economy of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The economy has b
36、ecome far more monopolistic over the past thirty years. It is also a good way, though by no means the only way, to understand the emergence and dominance of advertising. Although firms are not in what economists term competitive markets, they are most definitely engaged in monopolistic competition w
37、ith each other to maximize their profits. Advertising emerges front and center as a major way to increase market share without engaging in destructive profit-damaging price competition. The election realm, is similar to the economy in that it tends to be a duopoly in general elections, meaning there
38、 are usually only two options that could conceivably win, and, as in an oligopoly, these duopolists have used their market powerin this case control over election laws-to make it all but impossible for a third party to successfully establish itself as a legitimate contender. Even primary elections a
39、re almost always a matter of no more than two or three viable entrants except in a very small number of races. In economic theory this leads to an interesting conclusion: as J. Schor has put it, the smart play for a firm in a duopoly is to act like the other firm, not to differentiate itself. Macphe
40、rson was among the first to understand modem electoral politics-the two-party system-in terms of oligopolistic and duopolistic market practices. “Where there are so few sellers, Macpherson wrote concerning political parties, they need not and do not respond to buyers demands as they must do in a ful
41、ly competitive system. This means that the parties, like oligopolistic firms, can create the demand for political goods and largely dictate the demand schedule for political goods. In Macphersons argument, a duopolistic party system in a modem capitalist society like the United States will tend to g
42、ravitate to providing a competition between elites, which are the driving force and ”formulate the issues. The basics in the political economy are agreed upon by the two parties and off the table for public debate or discussion. In Macphersons view, the two-party system was ideal for the production
43、of citizen apathy and de-politicization and for the maintenance of elite rule; i.e. what would be called a “weak democracy”.1.With what theme is the passage mainly concerned?2.The authors purpose in writing paragraph 1 and 2 is to （ ）.3.What does the phrase “front and center” in paragraph 2 mean?4.T
44、he highlighted sentence “The basics . or discussion” in the last paragraph most probably implies that （ ）.5.What is the author likely to talk about in the paragraph following this passage?问题1选项A.Political Advertising.B.Oligopoly Market.C.Weak Democracy.D.Modem Electoral Politics.问题2选项A.state why pol
45、itical advertising appeared in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries in America.B.emphasize that it is a real picture of the U.S. economy of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.C.state that the situation in American election realm is the same as the one in its economic realm.D.explain that t
46、he oligopoly market economy has a special function in the U.S. economic realm.问题3选项A.In front.B.At the forefront.C.In the center.D.In the middle.问题4选项A.The two parties would discuss the basics in the political economy in secret.B.The two parties would discuss the basics in the political economy in public.C.The two parties would not ask the public to discuss the basics in
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